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Pasilalinic-sympathetic compass

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   The pasilalinic-sympathetic compass, also referred to as the snail
   telegraph, was a contraption built to test the pseudo-scientific
   hypothesis that [6]snails create a permanent [7]telepathic link when
   they mate. The device was developed by [8]French [9]occultist Jacques
   Toussaint Benoit with the supposed assistance of an American colleague
   Monsieur Biat-Chretien^[10][1]^[11][note 1] in the 1850s.
   [ ]

Contents

     * [12]1 The hypothesis
     * [13]2 The apparatus
     * [14]3 Demonstration
     * [15]4 Influence
     * [16]5 See also
     * [17]6 References

The hypothesis[[18]edit]

   Benoit claimed that when snails mate,^[19][2] a special type of fluid
   forms a permanent telepathic link between them. This fluid forms an
   invisible thread that keeps the snails in "sympathetic communication"
   by using [20]animal magnetism similar to an electric current pulsating
   along it.^[21][3] They claimed that this method would work instantly,
   wirelessly, over any distance, and be more reliable than a
   [22]telegraph.^[23][3]^[24][4]

   This was not the first attempt to create a form of [25]sympathetic
   communication. There are [26]stories of people cutting pieces of the
   flesh of their arms off and trading it with another person, tattooing
   the alphabet on each arm, and pricking the letters they wished to
   communicate to the person from whose arm the flesh had been taken, and
   it was upon this principle that Benoit built his
   theory.^[27][5]^[28][4] [29]William Brooke O'Shaughnessy is one
   prominent telegrapher who experimented with using human skin to send
   and receive messages.^[30][4]

The apparatus[[31]edit]

   Benoit did not have enough financial capital to build his design.
   Benoit persuaded Monsieur Triat, manager of a Paris gymnasium, to give
   him lodgings and an allowance, having impressed upon him the importance
   of his discovery. After a year Triat's patience grew thin, and he
   demanded to see a working model.^[32][3]^[33][6]

   The apparatus consisted of a scaffold of 10-foot-long wooden beams
   supporting zinc bowls^[34][4] lined with a cloth soaked in a [35]copper
   sulphate solution; the cloth was held in place by a line of copper. At
   the bottom of each of the 24 basins was a snail, glued in place, and
   each associated with a different letter of the alphabet. An identical
   second device held the paired snails.^[36][3] To transmit a letter, the
   operator touched one of the snails. This was supposed to cause a
   reaction in the corresponding snail, which could then be read by the
   receiving operator.^[37][3]

Demonstration[[38]edit]

   On 2 October 1851 Benoit invited Triat and friend [39]Jules Allix, a
   journalist from [40]La Presse. He first asked Triat and then Allix to
   stand at one station and to spell out a word – he would then tell them
   what the word was by reading from the receiving end.^[41][3] However,
   the transmission was inaccurate, with him supposedly receiving errors
   such as “gymoate” instead of “gymnase”,^[42][4] and he continually
   walked between the two devices,^[43][3] claiming that it was necessary
   to supervise his assistants to ensure that they were touching and
   reading the snails correctly.^[44][2] Triat began to suspect that it
   was a hoax.^[45][3] Allix, however, was convinced by the demonstration
   and wrote an article full of praise for Benoit's creation, which
   appeared in the newspaper on 27 October 1851.^[46][3]^[47][4] Among
   other praise, Allix suggested that ladies might wear the device on
   their "wasit-chains".^[48][4] Triat demanded a second, stricter test,
   to which Benoit agreed. When the time came, though, Benoit had
   vanished.^[49][3] He was subsequently seen wandering the streets of
   Paris and died within two years.^[50][3]

Influence[[51]edit]

   During the 1871 uprising in the [52]Paris Commune, the need to send and
   receive secured messages prompted a revival of the idea by [53]Marquis
   Rochefort, president of the barricades commission.^[54][4]^[55][7]
   However, it proved to be as unreliable then, as it had originally
   been.^[56][4]

   The device also provided inspiration for the Japanese [57]manga series
   [58]One Piece,^[59][4] which includes Transponder Snails that can be
   attached to electronic equipment and function as telephones,^[60][8]
   fax machines,^[61][8] and surveillance cameras.^[62][9] Along with the
   Allix article in La Presse the story of the pasilalinic-sympathetic
   compass was covered by the 1889 book Historic Oddities and Strange
   Events by [63]Sabine Baring-Gould.^[64][6]

See also[[65]edit]

     * [66]Sympathetic alphabet

References[[67]edit]

   Explanatory notes

    1. [68]^ According to Dickens, no one ever saw Monsieur Biat, and it
       is undetermined whether he really existed.

   Citations

    1. [69]^ Dickens, Charles (1890). [70]All the Year Round. pp. 179–180.
       Retrieved 9 August 2016.
    2. ^ [71]^a [72]^b Brownlee, John (27 November 2006). [73]"The Snail
       Telegraph of Jacques Benoit". Wired. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
    3. ^ [74]^a [75]^b [76]^c [77]^d [78]^e [79]^f [80]^g [81]^h [82]^i
       [83]^j [84]^k Howard, Toby. 1995. "[85]Progress at snail's pace".
       Accessed 28 May 2007.
    4. ^ [86]^a [87]^b [88]^c [89]^d [90]^e [91]^f [92]^g [93]^h [94]^i
       [95]^j Rosen, Rachel. [96]"Psychic Snail Sex Couldn't Replace the
       Telegraph, But One Frenchman Sure Tried". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved
       9 August 2016.
    5. [97]^ Fahie, John Joseph (1884). [98]A History of Electric
       Telegraphy, to the Year 1837. E. & F. N. Spon. pp. [99]19–20.
       Retrieved 9 August 2016. "sympathetic snail telegraph."
    6. ^ [100]^a [101]^b 2004. "[102]The Snail Telegraph". Accessed 28 May
       2007. [103]Archived September 28, 2007, at the [104]Wayback Machine
    7. [105]^ J., E. H. (1905). [106]"Recollections of a Visit to Sir
       Edward Bulwer Lytton at Knebworth in 1857". Blackwood's Edinburgh
       Magazine (177). Retrieved 9 August 2016.
    8. ^ [107]^a [108]^b Oda, Eiichiro (December 1999). "二人目". [109]東一番の悪.
       One Piece (in Japanese). 11. Shueisha. pp. 74–75.
       [110]ISBN [111]4-08-872797-5.
    9. [112]^ Oda, Eiichiro (June 2009). [113]もう誰にも止められない. One Piece (in
       Japanese). 54. Shueisha. [114]ISBN [115]978-4-08-874662-3.

   Retrieved from
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   c_compass&oldid=941142266"
   [117]Categories:
     * [118]Gastropods and humans
     * [119]Telepathy

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     * [122]CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)

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References

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