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[69]OSes

RISC OS: 35-year-old original Arm operating system is alive and well

1980s refugee, open source, and runs on modern kit

   [70]Liam Proven in Prague Tue 21 Jun 2022 // 17:30 UTC
   [71]109 comment bubble on white
     __________________________________________________________________

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   RISC OS, the operating system of the original Arm computer, the Acorn
   Archimedes, is still very much alive – and doing relatively well for
   its age.

   In June 1987, Acorn launched the [79]Archimedes A305 and A310, starting
   at £800 ($982) and running a new operating system called Arthur. At the
   time, it was a radical and very fast computer. In his [80]review [PDF]
   for Personal Computer World, [81]Dick Pountain memorably said: "It
   loads huge programs with a faint burping noise, in the time it takes to
   blink an eye."

   Arthur was loosely related to Acorn's earlier MOS, the BBC Micro
   operating system but looked very different thanks to a prototype
   graphical desktop, implemented in BBC BASIC, that could charitably be
   called "technicolor."

   Renamed RISC OS, version 2 followed in 1989 – the same year that Sun
   started selling its new SPARCstation 1 (a snip at [82]£7,500c $9,200)
   and DEC launched the MIPS R2000-chipset-based DECstation 3100 (for
   [83]£8,800/c $10,800).

   RISC OS has had a rather convoluted history, partly due to Acorn
   spinning out [84]Arm, eventually pulling out of the computer market,
   rebranding as Element 14 and [85]being acquired by Broadcom, where
   [86]Arm co-designer Sophie Wilson still works today. And partly due to
   drama over the ownership of the OS post-Acorn at one point.

   One fork of RISC OS still supports Acorn-era Arm's odd [87]26-bit mode,
   meaning that today it mostly runs on the commercial Virtual Acorn
   emulator.

   The other branch, designed for the 32-bit mode of more recent Arm
   chips, is now owned by RISC OS Developments, which [88]made it fully
   open source back in 2018. Development and maintenance is done by the
   team at [89]RISC OS Open Ltd – ROOL for short – which offers downloads
   for a variety of current Arm hardware, such as the Titanium desktops.
   [90]RISC OS in the 21st century: this is your grandfather's Archimedes,
   pretty much, just 1000× faster

   RISC OS running in RPCemu ... Click to enlarge

   If you don't have suitable kit but fancy playing with 21st-century RISC
   OS, there's also a FOSS emulator called [91]RPCemu, which can run
   modern versions.

   Meanwhile, RISC OS Developments offers a special Raspberry Pi
   distribution called [92]RISC OS Direct, which runs on all versions of
   the Raspberry Pi (except the Pico). It's based on ROOL's latest stable
   version, 5.28, plus various extra apps.
     * [93]SpiralLinux: Anonymous creator of GeckoLinux puts out new
       Debian remix
     * [94]Unbelievably clever: Redbean 2 – a single-file web server that
       runs on six OSes
     * [95]Ubuntu releases Core 22: Its IoT and edge distro
     * [96]Not a GNOME fan, and like the look of Windows? Try KDE Plasma
       or Cinnamon

   RISC OS Developments are still working on new functionality for the OS.
   Notably, it recently [97]released a new TCP/IP stack, derived from
   OpenBSD. Right now, the main benefit is IPv6 support. A feature more
   significant to most users is still in development: Wi-Fi support.

   Also still under development, but available to paid backers, is a new
   RISC OS web browser, Iris. RISC OS does come with a choice of browsers
   – [98]NetSurf and [99]Otter – but the plan is that the new Iris browser
   will be a native app, with the RISC OS look and feel, but using the
   WebKit engine for better compatibility with the modern web.

   The main remaining limitation is SMP. As an OS from the 1980s, long
   before the 21st-century technology of mainstream multicore processors,
   RISC OS practically only supports a single CPU core. Various
   experimental efforts are under way to address this. One has got NetBSD
   [100]running on another core, and another has the experimental
   [101]Genode OS [102]running alongside RISC OS. Another effort is
   working on [103]adding SMP support into the RISC OS kernel itself.

   The only other OS that The Reg FOSS desk can think of from this era
   that's still around, actively maintained, and runs on modern hardware
   is NeXTstep – or, as Apple calls it today, macOS. Amusingly enough, the
   latest versions [104]also run on Arm kit, in the form of the [105]Apple
   Silicon Macs. ®
   Get our [106]Tech Resources
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   [113]109 Comments

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   [143]Corrections [144]Send us news
     __________________________________________________________________

Other stories you might like

     * Original Acorn Arthur project lead explains RISC OS genesis
       Paul Fellows describes how it beat the overambitious ARX to Acorn's
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       [145]Liam Proven in Prague Thu 23 Jun 2022 // 14:00 UTC [146]24
       comment bubble on white
       One of the longest-lived GUI operating systems in the world has its
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       [149]Dylan Martin Fri 17 Jun 2022 // 19:17 UTC [150]9 comment
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     * UK government still trying to get Arm to IPO in London
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       [161]Dan Robinson Tue 14 Jun 2022 // 16:00 UTC [162]15 comment
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       [178]Dan Robinson Wed 22 Jun 2022 // 13:00 UTC [179]24 comment
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