Subj : World's most threatened seabirds visit r To : All From : ScienceDaily Date : Tue Jul 04 2023 22:30:24 World's most threatened seabirds visit remote plastic pollution hotspots Date: July 4, 2023 Source: University of Cambridge Summary: Analysis of global tracking data for 77 species of petrel has revealed that a quarter of all plastics potentially encountered in their search for food are in remote international waters -- requiring international collaboration to address. Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIN Email ========================================================================== FULL STORY ========================================================================== The extensive study assessed the movements of 7,137 individual birds from 77 species of petrel, a group of wide-ranging migratory seabirds including the Northern Fulmar and European Storm-petrel, and the Critically Endangered Newell's Shearwater. This is the first time that tracking data for so many seabird species has been combined and overlaid onto global maps of plastic distribution in the oceans. The results show that plastic pollution threatens marine life on a scale that transcends national boundaries: a quarter of all plastic exposure risk occurs in the high seas. This is largely linked to gyres -- large systems of rotating ocean currents -- where vast accumulations of plastics form, fed by waste entering the sea from boats, and from many different countries. Seabirds often mistake small plastic fragments for food, or ingest plastic that has already been eaten by their prey. This can lead to injury, poisoning and starvation, and petrels are particularly vulnerable because they can't easily regurgitate the plastic. In the breeding season they often inadvertently feed plastic to their chicks. Plastics can also contain toxic chemicals that can be harmful to seabirds. Petrels are an understudied but vulnerable group of marine species, which play a key role in oceanic food webs. The breadth of their distribution across the whole ocean makes them important 'sentinel species' when assessing the risks of plastic pollution in the marine environment. "Ocean currents cause big swirling collections of plastic rubbish to accumulate far from land, way out of sight and beyond the jurisdiction of any one country. We found that many species of petrel spend considerable amounts of time feeding around these mid-ocean gyres, which puts them at high risk of ingesting plastic debris," said Lizzie Pearmain, a PhD student at the University of Cambridge's Department of Zoology and the British Antarctic Survey, and joint corresponding author of the study. She added: "When petrels eat plastic, it can get stuck in their stomachs and be fed to their chicks. This leaves less space for food, and can cause internal injuries or release toxins." Petrels and other species are already threatened with extinction due to climate change, bycatch, competition with fisheries, and invasive species such as mice and rats on their breeding colonies. The researchers say exposure to plastics may reduce the birds' resilience to these other threats. The north-east Pacific, South Atlantic, and the south-west Indian oceans have mid-ocean gyres full of plastic waste, where many species of threatened seabird forage. "Even species with low exposure risk have been found to eat plastic. This shows that plastic levels in the ocean are a problem for seabirds worldwide, even outside of these high exposure areas," said Dr Bethany Clark, Seabird Science Officer at BirdLife International and joint corresponding author of the study. She added: "Many petrel species risk exposure to plastic in the waters of several countries and the high seas during their migrations. Due to ocean currents, this plastic debris often ends up far away from its original source. This highlights the need for international cooperation to tackle plastic pollution in the world's oceans." The study also found that the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea together account for over half of petrels' global plastic exposure risk. However, only four species of petrel forage in these enclosed, busy areas. The study was led by a partnership between the University of Cambridge, BirdLife International and the British Antarctic Survey, in collaboration with Fauna & Flora International, the 5 Gyres Institute, and over 200 seabird researchers in 27 countries. It is published today in the journal Nature Communications. To get their results, the researchers overlaid global location data, taken from tracking devices attached to the birds, onto pre-existing maps of marine plastic distribution. This allowed them to identify the areas on the birds' migration and foraging journeys where they are most likely to encounter plastics. Species were given an 'exposure risk score' to indicate their risk of encountering plastic during their time at sea. A number of already threatened species scored highly, including the Critically Endangered Balearic Shearwater, which breeds in the Mediterranean, and Newell's Shearwater, endemic to Hawaii. Another Endangered species, the Hawaiian Petrel also scored high for plastic exposure risk, as did three species classified by the IUCN as Vulnerable: the Yelkouan Shearwater, which breeds in the Mediterranean; Cook's Petrel,which breeds in New Zealand, and the Spectacled Petrel, which only breeds on an extinct volcano called Inaccessible Island, part of the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, a UK Overseas Territory. "While the population-level effects of plastic exposure are not yet known for most species, many petrels and other marine species are already in a precarious situation. Continued exposure to potentially dangerous plastics adds to the pressures," said Professor Andrea Manica at the University of Cambridge's Department of Zoology, a co-author of the study. He added: "This study is a big leap forward in understanding the situation, and our results will feed into conservation work to try and address the threats to birds at sea." This research was funded by the Cambridge Conservation Initiative's Collaborative Fund for Conservation, sponsored by the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, and the Natural Environment Research Council. * RELATED_TOPICS o Plants_&_Animals # Nature # New_Species # Fish # Extinction o Earth_&_Climate # Environmental_Awareness # Geography # Oceanography # Exotic_Species * RELATED_TERMS o Fin_Whale o Climate_change_mitigation o American_Quarter_Horse o Computational_genomics o Zoo o Scientific_opinion_on_climate_change o GenBank o Global_warming ========================================================================== Print Email Share ========================================================================== ****** 1 ****** ***** 2 ***** **** 3 **** *** 4 *** ** 5 ** Breaking this hour ========================================================================== * Time_in_Universe_Once_Flowed_Five_Times_Slower * Screens_More_Versatile_Than_LED:_Fins_and_... * GM_Pig_Heart_in_a_Human_Patient:_Update * Multiple_Sclerosis_Severity * Wind_Farm_Noise_and_Road_Traffic_Noise * Mavericks_and_Horizontal_Gene_Transfer * Early_Reading_for_Pleasure:_Brains,_... * New_Light_Shed_On_Evolution_of_Animals * Gullies_On_Mars_from_Liquid_Meltwater? * DNA_Organization_in_Real-Time Trending Topics this week ========================================================================== PLANTS_&_ANIMALS New_Species Animal_Learning_and_Intelligence Molecular_Biology EARTH_&_CLIMATE Earthquakes Weather Coral_Reefs FOSSILS_&_RUINS Human_Evolution Early_Mammals Origin_of_Life ========================================================================== Strange & Offbeat ========================================================================== PLANTS_&_ANIMALS Squash_Bugs_Are_Attracted_to_and_Eat_Each_Other's_Poop_to_Stock_Their Microbiome How_Urea_May_Have_Been_the_Gateway_to_Life Octopus_Sleep_Is_Surprisingly_Similar_to_Humans_and_Contains_a_Wake-Like_Stage EARTH_&_CLIMATE Turning_Old_Maps_Into_3D_Digital_Models_of_Lost_Neighborhoods Orangutans_Can_Make_Two_Sounds_at_the_Same_Time,_Similar_to_Human_Beatboxing, Study_Finds Do_Hummingbirds_Drink_Alcohol?_More_Often_Than_You_Think FOSSILS_&_RUINS Newly_Discovered_Jurassic_Fossils_in_Texas Megalodon_Was_No_Cold-Blooded_Killer 'We're_All_Asgardians':_New_Clues_About_the_Origin_of_Complex_Life Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Cambridge. The original text of this story is licensed under a Creative_Commons_License. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. ========================================================================== Journal Reference: 1. Bethany L. Clark, Ana P. B. Carneiro, Elizabeth J. Pearmain, Marie- Morgane Rouyer, Thomas A. Clay, Win Cowger, Richard A. Phillips, Andrea Manica, Carolina Hazin, Marcus Eriksen, Jacob Gonza'lez-Soli's, Josh Adams, Yuri V. Albores-Barajas, Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto, Maria Saldanha Alho, Deusa Teixeira Araujo, Jose' Manuel Arcos, John P. Y. Arnould, Nadito J. P. Barbosa, Christophe Barbraud, Annalea M. Beard, Jessie Beck, Elizabeth A. Bell, Della G. Bennet, Maud Berlincourt, Manuel Biscoito, Oskar K. Bjo/rnstad, Mark Bolton, Katherine A. Booth Jones, John J. Borg, Karen Bourgeois, Vincent Bretagnolle, Joe"l Bried, James V. Briskie, M. de L. Brooke, Katherine C. Brownlie, Leandro Bugoni, Licia Calabrese, Letizia Campioni, Mark J. Carey, Ryan D. Carle, Nicholas Carlile, Ana R. Carreiro, Paulo Catry, Teresa Catry, Jacopo G. Cecere, Filipe R. Ceia, Yves Cherel, Chang-Yong Choi, Marco Cianchetti-Benedetti, Rohan H. Clarke, Jaimie B. Cleeland, Valentina Colodro, Bradley C. Congdon, Jo'hannis Danielsen, Federico De Pascalis, Zoe Deakin, Nina Dehnhard, Giacomo Dell'Omo, Karine Delord, Se'bastien Descamps, Ben J. Dilley, Herculano A. Dinis, Jerome Dubos, Brendon J. Dunphy, Louise M. Emmerson, Ana Isabel Fagundes, Annette L. Fayet, Jonathan J. Felis, Johannes H. Fischer, Amanda N. D. Freeman, Aymeric Fromant, Giorgia Gaibani, David Garci'a, Carina Gjerdrum, Ivandra Soeli Gonc,alves Correia Gomes, Manuela G. Forero, Jose' P. Granadeiro, W. James Grecian, David Gre'millet, Tim Guilford, Gunnar Thor Hallgrimsson, Luke R. Halpin, Erpur Snaer Hansen, April Hedd, Morten Helberg, Halfdan H. Helgason, Leeann M. Henry, Hannah F. R. Hereward, Marcos Hernandez-Montero, Mark A. Hindell, Peter J. Hodum, Simona Imperio, Audrey Jaeger, Mark Jessopp, Patrick G. R. Jodice, Carl G. Jones, Christopher W. Jones, Jo'n Einar Jo'nsson, Adam Kane, Sven Kapelj, Yuna Kim, Holly Kirk, Yann Kolbeinsson, Philipp L. Kraemer, Lucas Kru"ger, Paulo Lago, Todd J. Landers, Jennifer L. Lavers, Matthieu Le Corre, Andreia Leal, Maite Louzao, Jeremy Madeiros, Maria Magalha~es, Mark L. Mallory, Juan F. Masello, Bruno Massa, Sakiko Matsumoto, Fiona McDuie, Laura McFarlane Tranquilla, Fernando Medrano, Benjamin J. Metzger, Teresa Milita~o, William A. Montevecchi, Rosalinda C. Montone, Leia Navarro-Herrero, Vero'nica C. Neves, David G. Nicholls, Malcolm A. C. Nicoll, Ken Norris, Steffen Oppel, Daniel Oro, Ellie Owen, Oliver Padget, Vi'tor H. Paiva, David Pala, Jorge M. Pereira, Clara Pe'ron, Maria V. Petry, Admilton de Pina, Ariete T. Moreira Pina, Patrick Pinet, Pierre A. Pistorius, Ingrid L. Pollet, Benjamin J. Porter, Timothe'e A. Poupart, Christopher D. L. Powell, Carolina B. Proan~o, Ju'lia Pujol- Casado, Petra Quillfeldt, John L. Quinn, Andre F. Raine, Helen Raine, Iva'n Rami'rez, Jaime A. Ramos, Rau"l Ramos, Andreas Ravache, Matt J. Rayner, Timothy A. Reid, Gregory J. Robertson, Gerard J. Rocamora, Dominic P. Rollinson, Robert A. Ronconi, Andreu Rotger, Diego Rubolini, Kevin Ruhomaun, Asuncio'n Ruiz, James C. Russell, Peter G. Ryan, Sarah Saldanha, Ana Sanz-Aguilar, Mariona Sarda`-Serra, Yvan G. Satge', Katsufumi Sato, Wiebke C. Scha"fer, Stefan Schoombie, Scott A. Shaffer, Nirmal Shah, Akiko Shoji, Dave Shutler, Ingvar A. Sigurd-sson, Mo'nica C. Silva, Alison E. Small, Cecilia Soldatini, Hallvard Stro/m, Christopher A. Surman, Akinori Takahashi, Vikash R. V. Tatayah, Graeme A. Taylor, Robert J. Thomas, David R. Thompson, Paul M. Thompson, Thorkell L. Tho'rarinsson, Diego Vicente-Sastre, Eric Vidal, Ewan D. Wakefield, Susan M. Waugh, Henri Weimerskirch, Heiko U. Wittmer, Takashi Yamamoto, Ken Yoda, Carlos B. Zavalaga, Francis J. Zino, Maria P. Dias. Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds. Nature Communications, 2023; 14 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38900-z ========================================================================== Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230704110939.htm --- up 1 year, 18 weeks, 1 day, 10 hours, 50 minutes * Origin: -=> Castle Rock BBS <=- Now Husky HPT Powered! (1:317/3) .