%%% -*-BibTeX-*- %%% ==================================================================== %%% BibTeX-file{ %%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", %%% version = "1.18", %%% date = "25 September 2025", %%% time = "09:47:09 MDT", %%% filename = "frisch-otto.bib", %%% address = "University of Utah %%% Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB %%% 155 S 1400 E RM 233 %%% Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 %%% USA", %%% telephone = "+1 801 581 5254", %%% URL = "https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe", %%% checksum = "38768 14266 70169 682756", %%% email = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org, %%% beebe at computer.org (Internet)", %%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", %%% keywords = "bibliography; BibTeX; critical mass; %%% nuclear fission; Otto Robert Frisch; %%% Peierls--Frisch memorandum; uranium-235 %%% fission", %%% license = "public domain", %%% supported = "yes", %%% docstring = "This is a COMPLETE bibliography of the %%% experimental and theoretical nuclear %%% physicist, Otto Robert Frisch (1 October %%% 1904--22 September 1979). %%% %%% This bibliography is divided into two parts: %%% Part 1 includes all of the known works by %%% Frisch, and Part 2 includes publications %%% about him or his works. A final unnumbered %%% part holds cross-referenced entries. %%% %%% At version 1.18, the year coverage looked %%% like this: %%% %%% 1926 ( 1) 1960 ( 12) 1994 ( 2) %%% 1927 ( 1) 1961 ( 12) 1995 ( 0) %%% 1928 ( 3) 1962 ( 6) 1996 ( 4) %%% 1929 ( 0) 1963 ( 8) 1997 ( 4) %%% 1930 ( 2) 1964 ( 17) 1998 ( 3) %%% 1931 ( 4) 1965 ( 7) 1999 ( 1) %%% 1932 ( 4) 1966 ( 6) 2000 ( 4) %%% 1933 ( 9) 1967 ( 6) 2001 ( 3) %%% 1934 ( 2) 1968 ( 7) 2002 ( 2) %%% 1935 ( 3) 1969 ( 2) 2003 ( 2) %%% 1936 ( 2) 1970 ( 3) 2004 ( 4) %%% 1937 ( 7) 1971 ( 3) 2005 ( 3) %%% 1938 ( 2) 1972 ( 4) 2006 ( 4) %%% 1939 ( 14) 1973 ( 7) 2007 ( 5) %%% 1940 ( 6) 1974 ( 8) 2008 ( 2) %%% 1941 ( 1) 1975 ( 4) 2009 ( 8) %%% 1942 ( 2) 1976 ( 0) 2010 ( 0) %%% 1943 ( 2) 1977 ( 6) 2011 ( 1) %%% 1944 ( 0) 1978 ( 1) 2012 ( 1) %%% 1945 ( 2) 1979 ( 12) 2013 ( 4) %%% 1946 ( 4) 1980 ( 7) 2014 ( 3) %%% 1947 ( 6) 1981 ( 2) 2015 ( 4) %%% 1948 ( 3) 1982 ( 1) 2016 ( 4) %%% 1949 ( 1) 1983 ( 0) 2017 ( 2) %%% 1950 ( 4) 1984 ( 0) 2018 ( 1) %%% 1951 ( 6) 1985 ( 5) 2019 ( 0) %%% 1952 ( 0) 1986 ( 3) 2020 ( 0) %%% 1953 ( 2) 1987 ( 2) 2021 ( 0) %%% 1954 ( 13) 1988 ( 0) 2022 ( 1) %%% 1955 ( 6) 1989 ( 1) 2023 ( 1) %%% 1956 ( 6) 1990 ( 1) 2024 ( 4) %%% 1957 ( 7) 1991 ( 1) 2025 ( 2) %%% 1958 ( 3) 1992 ( 3) %%% 1959 ( 16) 1993 ( 2) %%% %%% Article: 248 %%% Book: 77 %%% InCollection: 27 %%% InProceedings: 5 %%% Misc: 8 %%% PhdThesis: 1 %%% Proceedings: 6 %%% TechReport: 10 %%% %%% Total entries: 382 %%% %%% Otto Robert Frisch was born in Vienna, %%% Austria, on 1 October 1904, received his %%% schooling there, entered the University of %%% Vienna (Universitaet Wien) in 1922, and %%% earned his doctoral degree in 1926 under %%% Professor Karl Przibram with an experimental %%% project in the Radium Institute. At that %%% time, the University had no bachelor's %%% degree, and a four-year path from Gymnasium %%% (high school) to a doctorate was common. %%% %%% In Austria and Germany, Otto is a common %%% given name, so Frisch chose to be called %%% Robert by his friends, although as a boy, %%% his family always called him Otto Robert. %%% Later, in the USA, he found that Robert was a %%% common name, so he decided to be called Otto. %%% That change has led to confusion in the %%% literature, with his name sometimes appearing %%% in the incorrect order Robert Otto Frisch, %%% or in papers credited to R. Frisch, instead %%% of O. R. Frisch. %%% %%% Otto Robert Frisch's mother and the nuclear %%% physicist Lise Meitner were sisters, and Otto %%% and Lise were close all their lives. %%% %%% After completing his degree, he spent a year %%% with an industrial firm that manufactured %%% X-ray dosimeters. However, in 1927, he was %%% offered a post at the Physikalisch-Technische %%% Reichsanstalt in Berlin-Charlottenberg %%% (essentially, a national scientific %%% laboratory). He was able to attend seminars %%% at the University of Berlin, and met %%% well-known figures such as Albert Einstein, %%% Gustav Hertz, Max von Laue, and Max Planck. %%% He arranged to live near his aunt Lise %%% Meitner in the Dahlem suburb of Berlin. %%% %%% In 1930, he left Berlin for a position at the %%% University of Hamburg, working with Otto %%% Stern who later won the 1943 Nobel Prize in %%% Physics ``for his contribution to the %%% development of the molecular ray method and %%% his discovery of the magnetic moment of the %%% proton''. In Hamburg, Frisch also worked with %%% the well-known Italian nuclear physicist, %%% Emilio Segr{\`e}. %%% %%% The Nazi racial laws passed in 1933 made it %%% impossible for Frisch and Stern to remain in %%% Germany, because of their Jewish ancestry. %%% Frisch won a Rockefeller fellowship that he %%% planned to use to study with Enrico Fermi's %%% group in Rome, but that fellowship required %%% him to return to his home university, which %%% was impossible. %%% %%% Fortunately, Stern was able to arrange a post %%% for Frisch with Patrick Blackett's group at %%% Birkbeck College at the University of London %%% in the UK, where he earned continuing support %%% from the Academic Assistance Council that had %%% been established in 1933 by Lord Ernest %%% Rutherford and others to help refugee %%% scientists from Nazi territories. %%% %%% In 1934, Frisch accepted a position at Niels %%% Bohr's Institute of Theoretical Physics in %%% Copenhagen, Denmark, where he remained for %%% several years. %%% %%% In the winter break in December 1938, Frisch %%% was visiting his aunt Lise Meitner in %%% Kungalv, near Gothenberg, Sweden (about 225 %%% km north of Copenhagen). It was there %%% that Meitner received a letter from her %%% 30-year research partner, Otto Hahn, in %%% Berlin, asking for help in analyzing the %%% results of experiments that Hahn had just %%% done with Fritz Strassmann. They bombarded %%% uranium with neutrons, and chemically %%% examined the reaction products, which %%% appeared to be much lighter elements, instead %%% of a heavy element that was almost adjacent %%% to uranium in the periodic table. Together, %%% Meitner and Frisch realized that the neutrons %%% were splitting the uranium atom into two %%% smaller fragments, and predicted the enormous %%% energy that could be obtained by such a %%% splitting. Frisch named the process nuclear %%% fission, after the use of the term fission in %%% cell division in biology. %%% %%% That joint discovery by chemists (Hahn and %%% Strassmann) and physicists (Meitner and %%% Frisch) was the beginning of the atomic age. %%% %%% Within three weeks, word had spread to %%% Germany, the UK, the USA, and elsewhere, and %%% the Hahn--Strassmann experiment had been %%% independently reproduced in multiple %%% laboratories. By the end of January 1939, %%% newspapers reported the discovery to the %%% public. In April 1939, German scientists %%% established the Uranverein (Uranium Club) to %%% develop nuclear weapons. On 2 August 1939, %%% Albert Einstein sent a letter, written with %%% Leo Szilard and Edward Teller, to US President %%% Franklin Roosevelt, urging that quick action %%% be taken to develop an atomic weapon before %%% the Nazis did. %%% %%% Otto Robert Frisch was the first to publish a %%% paper with an experimental confirmation of %%% nuclear fission (submitted to the journal %%% Nature on 17 January 1939, and published on %%% 18 February 1939) (see entry %%% Frisch:1939:PED). %%% %%% With the initial rapid success of the Nazi %%% attacks on Poland, Belgium, and France, it %%% seemed likely that Denmark would soon be %%% invaded (it was, on 9 April 1940, the same %%% day as Norway and The Netherlands were), %%% Frisch needed to leave Denmark, and he was %%% fortunately able to secure a position with %%% Mark Oliphant and Rudolf Peierls at the %%% University of Birmingham in the UK. In 1940, %%% Frisch and Peierls made a new estimate of the %%% critical mass of uranium, and found it to be %%% about one kilogram --- the size of a golf %%% ball. The correct critical mass was later %%% found by experiment to be about 56 kg, or a %%% sphere of about 17 cm radius. The %%% Frisch--Peierls prediction was far below %%% previous ones (e.g., 13 tons), and meant that %%% such a bomb could be carried on an airplane. %%% Their discovery led to the founding of the UK %%% MAUD Committee %%% %%% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAUD_Committee %%% %%% and the Tube Alloys Project %%% %%% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tube_Alloys %%% %%% both of which influenced work in the US and %%% Canada in the Manhattan Project, and were %%% ultimately merged with the latter. %%% %%% In August 1940, Frisch moved to the %%% University of Liverpool to work with James %%% Chadwick, winner of the Nobel Prize in %%% Physics in 1935 ``for the discovery of the %%% neutron''. %%% %%% In November 1943, Otto Robert Frisch was part %%% of the British scientific team who moved to %%% Los Alamos, NM, USA, to work on the Manhattan %%% Project to develop an atomic bomb. To do so, %%% he first needed to become a British citizen, %%% and in an amazing defeat of government %%% bureaucracy, he got citizenship, and a %%% passport, in just 48 hours! %%% %%% After the war ended, Frisch returned to the %%% UK in early 1946, initially as head of the %%% Nuclear Physics Division of the newly-created %%% Atomic Energy Research Establishment at %%% Harwell, just south of Oxford. %%% %%% In 1946, he received the honor of O.B.E. %%% (Order of the British Empire), and in 1948, %%% was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society %%% (F.R.S.). %%% %%% In 1947, Otto Robert Frisch accepted the %%% Jacksonian Professorship of Natural %%% Philosophy at Cambridge University, where he %%% eventually rose to head of the Department of %%% Nuclear Physics. He remained at Cambridge %%% for 32 years, and was joined there in 1960 by %%% his aunt Lise Meitner, who moved from %%% Stockholm, Sweden to Cambridge at the age of %%% 81 to be near him. She died in Cambridge on %%% 27 October 1968, at the age of 90. See entry %%% Frisch:1970:LM for a biographical tribute to %%% his aunt Lise. %%% %%% At the age of 75, Otto Robert Frisch %%% accidentally fell. That led to a sudden %%% degeneration in health, and his death on 22 %%% September 1979. His papers are catalogued %%% and archived at Trinity College Library %%% at Oxford University. %%% %%% Online encyclopaedia and other articles about %%% Otto Robert Frisch include at least these: %%% %%% http://physik.cosmos-indirekt.de/Physik-Schule/Otto_Frisch %%% http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/Frisch.shtml %%% http://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/otto-frisch %%% http://www.britannica.com/biography/Otto-Robert-Frisch %%% http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/physics-biographies/otto-robert-frisch %%% http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/biographies/bio_frisch-otto.htm %%% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Robert_Frisch %%% https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4616 %%% %%% There is a detailed remembrance of Otto %%% Robert Frisch by his friend and colleague Sir %%% Rudolf Peierls in entry Peierls:1981:ORF, and %%% a shorter earlier one in entry %%% Peierls:1980:ORF. The longer paper contains %%% a list of about 160 Frisch publications, all %%% of which are included here, and cross-linked %%% to Peierls' memoir with values in ORF-number %%% fields. %%% %%% Peierls' list of 160 is not complete: at %%% version 1.00, this bibliography recorded 213 %%% Frisch works in Part 1, with 1 more entry in %%% the cross-reference section. Many details %%% are missing from Peierls' list, especially %%% for magazines, most of which are not %%% available online for finding values of empty %%% fields. In two cases, Peierls' list entries %%% G43 and R14, even the journal is unknown. %%% There may be a few other Frisch works yet to %%% be discovered in conference proceedings and %%% book chapters: both types of documents are %%% often inadequately recorded in library %%% catalogs and publisher databases. %%% %%% There are also Frisch publication lists at %%% %%% Kurzbiographie und Publikationen von Otto Robert Frisch %%% https://www.chemie.uni-hamburg.de/pc/publikationen/Frisch.html %%% %%% Otto Robert Frisch - Publications %%% https://academictree.org/physics/publications.php?pid=55373 %%% %%% Data for this bibliography have been %%% collected, and merged into BibTeX entries, %%% from numerous sources, including at least %%% these: %%% %%% * the University of Utah Mathematics %%% Department bibliography archives %%% %%% * the TeX User Group bibliography %%% archives %%% %%% * the Karlsruhe Computer Science %%% bibliography archives %%% %%% * the Karlsruhe virtual catalog at %%% http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/kvk_en.html %%% %%% * the US Library of Congress catalog at %%% http://catalog.loc.gov/ %%% %%% * the author's cattobib utility, which %%% provides Z39.50 interfaces to many %%% large libraries around the world, at %%% https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/cattobib/ %%% %%% * the European Mathematical Society %%% Zentralblatt fuer Mathematik database %%% at http://zb.msri.org/ZMATH/zmath/en/ %%% %%% * the American Mathematical Society %%% MathSciNet database at %%% http://ams.rice.edu/mathscinet/search.html %%% %%% * the American Institute of Physics %%% Scitation database at %%% http://scitation.aip.org/search_scitation %%% %%% * the American Physical Society PROLA %%% database at %%% http://publish.aps.org/search %%% %%% * the ALSOS Digital Library for Nuclear %%% Issues at Washington and Lee University %%% http://alsos.wlu.edu/ %%% %%% * the Canadian Journal of Physics %%% database at %%% http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/search/advanced %%% %%% * the Europhysics journal archive at %%% http://www.europhysicsnews.org %%% %%% * the IEEE Xplore database at %%% https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ %%% %%% * the Institute of Physics journal %%% archive at %%% http://www.iop.org/publications/iop/ %%% %%% * the Nature journal archive at %%% http://www.nature.com/search/ %%% %%% * the Russian Physics-Uspekhi (Advances %%% in Physical Sciences) journal archive %%% at %%% https://ufn.ru/en/authors/11220/ %%% %%% * the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System at %%% http://adsabs.harvard.edu/ %%% %%% * the Science journal archive at %%% http://www.sciencemag.org/search %%% %%% * the SPIRES high-energy physics %%% literature database at the Stanford %%% Linear Accelerator at Stanford %%% University at %%% http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/hep/search/ %%% %%% * the Springer journal database at %%% http://www.springer.com/?SGWID=0-102-13-0-0 %%% %%% * the Wiley journal database at %%% http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ %%% %%% * the JSTOR database at %%% http://www.jstor.org/, and %%% %%% * many online library catalogs, including %%% those of the British Library, the %%% Karlsruhe Virtual Library catalog, the %%% Cambridge University Library, the %%% Oxford University Library, the %%% University of California library %%% system, and the US Library of Congress. %%% %%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 %%% checksum as the first value, followed by the %%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word %%% count) utility output of lines, words, and %%% characters. This is produced by Robert %%% Solovay's checksum utility.", %%% } %%% ==================================================================== @Preamble{ "\ifx \undefined \booktitle \def \booktitle #1{{{\em #1}}} \fi" # "\ifx \undefined \cyr \let \cyr = \relax \fi" # "" } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Acknowledgement abbreviations: @String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, University of Utah, Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB, 155 S 1400 E RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA, Tel: +1 801 581 5254, e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|, \path|beebe@acm.org|, \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet), URL: \path|https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Institutional abbreviations: @String{inst-LASL = "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory"} @String{inst-LASL:adr = "Los Alamos, NM, USA"} @String{inst-TUBE-ALLOYS = "Directorate of Tube Alloys"} @String{inst-TUBE-ALLOYS:adr = "????, UK"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Journal abbreviations: @String{j-ACTA-PHYS-AUSTRIACA = "Acta Physica Austriaca"} @String{j-AMER-J-PHYSICS = "American Journal of Physics"} @String{j-ANN-NY-ACAD-SCI = "Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"} @String{j-ANN-PHYS-1900 = "Annalen der Physik (1900)"} @String{j-ANNU-REP-PROG-CHEM = "Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry"} @String{j-ATLANTIC-MONTHLY = "Atlantic Monthly"} @String{j-BIOGRAPH-MEMOIRS-FELLOWS-ROY-SOC = "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society"} @String{j-BR-J-APPL-PHYS = "British Journal of Applied Physics"} @String{j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI = "British Journal for the History of Science"} @String{j-BULL-AT-SCI = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists"} @String{j-C-R-ACAD-SCI-PARIS = "Comptes rendus de l'Acad{\'e}mie des sciences, Paris"} @String{j-COLD-WAR-HIST = "Cold War History"} @String{j-CONTEMP-PHYS = "Contemporary Physics"} @String{j-EDU-CHEM = "Education in Chemistry"} @String{j-ELECTRON-POWER = "Electronics and Power"} @String{j-ENDEAVOUR = "Endeavour"} @String{j-EUR-PHYS-J-H = "European Physical Journal H"} @String{j-EUROPHYS-NEWS = "Europhysics News"} @String{j-FOUND-SCI = "Foundations of Science"} @String{j-HELV-PHYS-ACTA = "Helvetica Physica Acta"} @String{j-HIST-STUD-NAT-SCI = "Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences"} @String{j-IAEA-BULL = "{International Atomic Energy Agency} Bulletin"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-NUCL-SCI = "IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science"} @String{j-ISIS = "Isis"} @String{j-J-INST-ELECTR-ENG = "Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers"} @String{j-J-PHYS-RADIUM = "Journal de Physique et le Radium"} @String{j-LONDON-REV-BOOKS = "London Review of Books"} @String{j-NACHR-CHEM = "{Nachrichten aus der Chemie}"} @String{j-NATURE = "Nature"} @String{j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN = "Die Naturwissenschaften"} @String{j-NEW-SCIENTIST = "New Scientist"} @String{j-NEW-YORK-REV-BOOKS = "New York Review of Books"} @String{j-NUCL-INSTR-METH = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods"} @String{j-NUCL-MED = "Journal of Nuclear Medicine"} @String{j-NUCL-TECHNOL = "Nuclear Technology"} @String{j-NUOVO-CIMENTO-8 = "Il Nuovo Cimento (8)"} @String{j-NY-TIMES = "New York Times"} @String{j-PERSPECT-SCI = "Perspectives on Science"} @String{j-PHYS-BL = "{Physikalische Bl{\"a}tter}"} @String{j-PHYS-BULL = "Physics Bulletin"} @String{j-PHYS-EDUC = "Physics Education"} @String{j-PHYS-PERSPECT = "Physics in Perspective (PIP)"} @String{j-PHYS-REV = "Physical Review"} @String{j-PHYS-REV-LET = "Physical Review Letters"} @String{j-PHYS-TODAY = "Physics Today"} @String{j-PHYS-WORLD = "Physics World"} @String{j-PROC-IEE = "Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers"} @String{j-PROC-PHYS-SOC = "Proceedings of the Physical Society, London"} @String{j-PROC-R-INST-G-B = "Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain"} @String{j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND-SER-A-MATH-PHYS-ENG-SCI = "Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences"} @String{j-PROG-NUCL-PHYS = "Progress in Nuclear Physics"} @String{j-REV-SCI-INSTRUM = "Review of scientific instruments"} @String{j-SCI-AMER = "Scientific American"} @String{j-SCI-MONTHLY = "The Scientific Monthly"} @String{j-SCIENCE = "Science"} @String{j-SOC-SCI = "Social Scientist"} @String{j-Z-ANGE-CHEM = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Chemie}"} @String{j-Z-PHYSIK = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}"} @String{j-Z-TECH-PHYS = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r technische Physik}"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Publishers and their addresses: @String{pub-AIP = "American Institute of Physics"} @String{pub-AIP:adr = "Woodbury, NY, USA"} @String{pub-BASIC-BOOKS = "Basic Books"} @String{pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-BIRKHAUSER = "Birkh{\"a}user"} @String{pub-BIRKHAUSER:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA; Berlin, Germany; Basel, Switzerland"} @String{pub-CAMBRIDGE = "Cambridge University Press"} @String{pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr = "Cambridge, UK"} @String{pub-DOUBLEDAY = "Doubleday"} @String{pub-DOUBLEDAY:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-DOVER = "Dover"} @String{pub-DOVER:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-FABER-FABER = "Faber and Faber"} @String{pub-FABER-FABER:adr = "London, UK"} @String{pub-FARRAR = "Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux"} @String{pub-FARRAR:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-HARVARD = "Harvard University Press"} @String{pub-HARVARD:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA"} @String{pub-INTERSCIENCE = "Interscience Publishers"} @String{pub-INTERSCIENCE:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-IOP = "IOP Publishing"} @String{pub-IOP:adr = "Bristol, UK"} @String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL = "Mc{\-}Graw-Hill"} @String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-MIT = "MIT Press"} @String{pub-MIT:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA"} @String{pub-NORTH-HOLLAND = "North-Hol{\-}land"} @String{pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"} @String{pub-NORTON = "W. W. Norton \& Co."} @String{pub-NORTON:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-OXFORD = "Oxford University Press"} @String{pub-OXFORD:adr = "Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, UK"} @String{pub-PENGUIN = "Penguin"} @String{pub-PENGUIN:adr = "London, UK and New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-PERGAMON = "Pergamon Press"} @String{pub-PERGAMON:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-PRINCETON = "Princeton University Press"} @String{pub-PRINCETON:adr = "Princeton, NJ, USA"} @String{pub-ROWOHLT = "Rowohlt"} @String{pub-ROWOHLT:adr = "Reinbek bei Hamburg, Germany"} @String{pub-RUTGERS = "Rutgers University Press"} @String{pub-RUTGERS:adr = "New Brunswick, NJ, USA"} @String{pub-ST-MARTINS = "St. Martin's Press"} @String{pub-ST-MARTINS:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-SV = "Spring{\-}er-Ver{\-}lag"} @String{pub-SV:adr = "Berlin, Germany~/ Heidelberg, Germany~/ London, UK~/ etc."} @String{pub-TAYLOR-FRANCIS-UK = "Taylor \& Francis"} @String{pub-TAYLOR-FRANCIS-UK:adr = "London, UK"} @String{pub-U-CALIFORNIA-PRESS = "University of California Press"} @String{pub-U-CALIFORNIA-PRESS:adr = "Berkeley, CA, USA and Los Angeles, CA, USA"} @String{pub-U-CHICAGO = "University of Chicago Press"} @String{pub-U-CHICAGO:adr = "Chicago, IL, USA and London, UK"} @String{pub-U-MINNESOTA = "University of Minnesota Press"} @String{pub-U-MINNESOTA:adr = "Minneapolis, MN, USA"} @String{pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD = "Van Nostrand Reinhold"} @String{pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-VIEWEG = "Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn"} @String{pub-VIEWEG:adr = "Braunschweig, Germany"} @String{pub-WORLD-SCI = "World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd."} @String{pub-WORLD-SCI:adr = "P. O. Box 128, Farrer Road, Singapore 9128"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Part 1 (of 2): Publications by Otto Robert Frisch @PhdThesis{Frisch:1926:VSD, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "{Verf{\"a}rbung von Steinsalz durch Kathodenstrahlen}. ({German}) [Discoloration of rock salt by cathode rays]", type = "{Dr.Phil.} thesis", school = "Institut f{\"u}r Radiumforschung, Universit{\"a}t Wien", address = "Vienna, Austria", year = "1926", bibdate = "Wed May 02 17:40:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, advisor = "Karl Prizibram", language = "German", } @Article{Frisch:1927:WLK, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "{Wirkung von langsamen Kathodenstrahlen auf Steinsalz}. ({German}) [{Effect} of slow cathode rays on rock salt]", journal = "Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien", volume = "136", number = "??", pages = "57--64", month = "????", year = "1927", bibdate = "Wed May 02 18:59:51 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", ORF-number = "1", } @Article{Frisch:1928:GAS, author = "R. Frisch", title = "{Ein Ger{\"a}t zum Ausmessen von Spektralphotographien, Registrieraufnahmen und dergleichen}. ({German}) [{A} device for measuring spectral photographs, recording images and the like]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "49", number = "7--8", pages = "608--608", month = jul, year = "1928", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Wed May 02 19:00:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01333645", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/218", language = "German", ORF-number = "2", } @Article{Frisch:1928:RPS, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and C. M{\"u}ller", title = "{Registrierendes Prazisionsgerat fur sehr schwache Strome (Lichtintensitaten, Ionisationsvorgange usw.)}. ({German}) [{Registering} precision device for very weak currents (light intensities, ionization processes, etc.)]", journal = j-Z-TECH-PHYS, volume = "9", number = "??", pages = "445--451", month = "????", year = "1928", CODEN = "ZTPHAU", ISSN = "0373-0093", bibdate = "Wed May 02 19:01:33 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r technische Physik}", language = "German", ORF-number = "3", xxnote = "Check author order??", } @InProceedings{Frisch:1928:RWR, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and C. M{\"u}ller", booktitle = "Proc. Int. Congr. on Illumination", title = "{{\"U}ber die Realisierung der Warburgschen Rationellen Lichteinheit}. ({German}) [{On} the realization of the {Warburg Rational Light Unit}]", publisher = "????", address = "????", pages = "1125--??", year = "1928", bibdate = "Wed May 02 19:03:20 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", ORF-number = "4", xxnote = "Check author order??", } @Article{Frisch:1930:DLG, author = "R. Frisch", title = "{Zur Drehimpulsbilanz bei Lichtemissionsvorg{\"a}ngen}. ({German}) [{Toward} the angular momentum balance in light emission processes]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "61", number = "9--10", pages = "626--631", month = sep, year = "1930", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01341171", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Thu May 3 20:57:11 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/218", language = "German", ORF-number = "5", } @Misc{Frisch:1930:SSV, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "{Schwachung von Strahlen verschiedener Wellenl{\"a}ngen durch Tau-Schichten}. ({German}) [{Weakening} of Rays of Different Wavelengths by Tau Layers]", howpublished = "Unknown", year = "1930", bibdate = "Thu May 03 21:04:15 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", ORF-number = "6", } @Article{Estermann:1931:VMB, author = "I. Estermann and R. Frisch and O. Stern", title = "{Versuche mit monochromatischen de Broglie-Wellen der Molekularstrahlen}. ({German}) [{Experiments} with monochromatic {de Broglie} waves of molecular beams]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "72", number = "??", pages = "370--674", year = "1931", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Thu May 03 21:11:33 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/debroglie-louis.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/218", language = "German", ORF-number = "8", } @InCollection{Frisch:1931:BMG, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and Otto Stern", booktitle = "Handbuch der Physik", title = "{Beugung von Materiestrahlen}. ({German}) [{Diffraction} of matter rays]", volume = "22(2)", publisher = "????", address = "????", pages = "313--354", year = "1931", bibdate = "Fri May 04 07:23:20 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", ORF-number = "10", xxnote = "Check author order??", } @Article{Frisch:1931:IIH, author = "R. Frisch and Peter Pringsheim", title = "{{\"U}ber die Intensit{\"a}tsverteilung im Hg-Triplett $ 2^3 S_1$--$ 2^3 P_{0, 1, 2}$ und die mittlere Leuchtdauer der Triplettkomponenten}. ({German}) [{On} the intensity distribution in the {Hg} triplet {$ 2^3 S_1$}--{$ 2^3 P_{0, 1, 2}$} and the average life of the triplet components]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "67", number = "3--4", pages = "169--178", month = mar, year = "1931", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01394596", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01394596", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/218", language = "German", ORF-number = "7", received = "29 November 1930", } @Article{Frisch:1931:MVG, author = "R. Frisch and W. Holzer and Hermann Schr{\"o}der", title = "{Mitteilungen aus verschiedenen Gebieten}. ({German}) [{Messages} from different areas]", journal = j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, volume = "19", number = "49", pages = "991--992", month = dec, year = "1931", CODEN = "NATWAY", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01516184", ISSN = "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-1042", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Naturwissenschaften", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/114", language = "German", } @Article{Estermann:1932:MBW, author = "I. Estermann and R. Frisch and O. Stern", title = "{Monochromasierung der de Broglie-Wellen von Molekularstrahlen}. ({German}) [{Monochromatization} of {de Broglie} waves of molecular beams]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "73", number = "5--6", pages = "348--365", month = may, year = "1932", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01341144", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Thu May 3 21:09:27 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/debroglie-louis.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/218", language = "German", ORF-number = "9", } @Article{Frisch:1932:EIP, author = "R. Frisch", title = "{Elektronenbeugung und inneres Potential der Metalle}. ({German}) [{Electron} diffraction and internal potential of metals]", journal = j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, volume = "20", number = "37", pages = "689--689", month = sep, year = "1932", CODEN = "NATWAY", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01494408", ISSN = "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-1042", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Naturwissenschaften", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/114", language = "German", ORF-number = "12", } @Article{Frisch:1932:PSQ, author = "R. Frisch and T. E. Phipps and E. Segr{\`e} and O. Stern", title = "Process of Space Quantisation", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "130", number = "3293", pages = "892--893", day = "10", month = dec, year = "1932", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/130892d0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v130/n3293/pdf/130892d0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "11", publishdate = "10 December 1932", } @Article{Frisch:1932:SRM, author = "R. Frisch and O. Stern", title = "{Die spiegelnde Reflexion von Molekularstrahlen}. ({German}) [{The} specular reflection of molecular beams]", journal = j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, volume = "20", number = "39", pages = "721--721", month = sep, year = "1932", CODEN = "NATWAY", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01494221", ISSN = "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-1042", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Naturwissenschaften", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/114", language = "German", ORF-number = "13", } @Article{Estermann:1933:MMP, author = "I. Estermann and R. Frisch and O. Stern", title = "Magnetic Moment of the Proton", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "132", number = "3326", pages = "169--170", day = "29", month = jul, year = "1933", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/132169a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v132/n3326/pdf/132169a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", publishdate = "29 July 1933", } @Article{Frisch:1933:ARB, author = "R. Frisch", title = "{Anomalien bei der Reflexion und Beugung von Molekularstrahlen an Kristallspaltfl{\"a}chen. II}. ({German}) [{Anomalies} in specular reflection and diffraction of molecular beams at crystal slits. {II}]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "84", number = "7--8", pages = "443--447", month = jul, year = "1933", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01342224", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Fri May 4 06:58:10 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01342224", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/218", language = "German", ORF-number = "17", } @Article{Frisch:1933:ASR, author = "R. Frisch and O. Stern", title = "{Anomalien bei der spiegelnden Reflexion und Beugung von Molekularstrahlen an Kristallspaltfl{\"a}chen. I}. ({German}) [{Anomalies} in specular reflection and diffraction of molecular beams at crystal slits. {I}]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "84", number = "7--8", pages = "430--442", month = jul, year = "1933", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01342223", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Fri May 4 06:53:58 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01342223", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/218", language = "German", ORF-number = "16", } @Article{Frisch:1933:ENE, author = "R. Frisch", title = "{Experimenteller Nachweis des Einsteinschen Strahlungsr{\"u}cksto{\ss}es}. ({German}) [{Experimental} proof of {Einstein}'s radiation recoil]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "86", number = "1--2", pages = "42--48", month = jan, year = "1933", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01340182", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Fri May 04 06:46:43 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01340182", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/218", language = "German", ORF-number = "19", } @Article{Frisch:1933:ERIa, author = "R. Frisch and E. Segr{\`e}", title = "{{\"U}ber die Einstellung der Richtungsquantelung. II}. ({German}) [{On} setting the direction quantization. {II}]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "80", number = "9--10", pages = "610--616", month = sep, year = "1933", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01335699", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Fri May 4 06:59:45 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/218", language = "German", ORF-number = "14", } @Article{Frisch:1933:ERIb, author = "R. Frisch and E. Segr", title = "{{\"U}ber die Einstrahlung der Richtungsquantelung. II}. ({German}) [{On} the irradiation of directional quantization. {II}]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "81", number = "5--6", pages = "424--424", month = may, year = "1933", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01344559", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Fri May 4 06:52:15 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/218", language = "German", } @Article{Frisch:1933:MAW, author = "R. Frisch and O. Stern", title = "{{\"U}ber die magnetische Ablenkung von Wasserstoffmolek{\"u}len und das magnetische Moment des Protons. I}. ({German}) [{On} the magnetic deflection of hydrogen molecules and the magnetic moment of the proton. {I}]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "85", number = "1--2", pages = "4--16", month = jan, year = "1933", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01330773", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Fri May 4 06:49:27 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01330773", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/218", language = "German", ORF-number = "18", } @Article{Frisch:1933:RSQ, author = "R. Frisch and E. Segr{\`e}", title = "Ricerche Sulla Quantizzazione Spaziale. ({Italian}) [{Spatial} Quantization Researches]", journal = j-NUOVO-CIMENTO-8, volume = "10", number = "2", pages = "78--91", month = feb, year = "1933", CODEN = "NUCIAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02957540", ISSN = "0029-6341 (print), 1827-6121 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0029-6341", bibdate = "Fri May 4 07:37:40 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02957540", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Il Nuovo Cimento (8)", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/40760", language = "Italian", ORF-number = "15", } @Article{Frisch:1934:IRS, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Induced Radioactivity of Sodium and Phosphorus", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "133", number = "3367", day = "12", month = may, year = "1934", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/133721b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v133/n3367/pdf/133721b0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "20", publishdate = "12 May 1934", } @Article{Feisch:1935:IRF, author = "O. R. Feisch", title = "Induced Radioactivity of Fluorine and Calcium", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "136", number = "3432", pages = "220--220", day = "10", month = aug, year = "1935", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/136220a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://www.nature.com/articles/136220a0", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "22", } @Article{Frisch:1935:PM, author = "O. R. Frisch and G. Fanselau and A. Prey and J. Eggert", title = "{Physikalische Mitteilungen}. ({German}) [{Physical} Messages]", journal = j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, volume = "23", number = "10", pages = "166--168", month = mar, year = "1935", CODEN = "NATWAY", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01497205", ISSN = "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-1042", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Naturwissenschaften", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/114", language = "German", ORF-number = "21", xxtitle = "{Eine Wilsonkammer mit verlingerter Dauer des {\"u}bersattigten Zustandes}. ({German}) [{A} {Wilson} chamber with a lapsed duration of the over-saturated state]", } @Article{Frisch:1935:VSN, author = "O. R. Frisch and E. T. S{\o}rensen", title = "Velocity of Slow Neutrons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "136", number = "3433", pages = "258--258", day = "17", month = aug, year = "1935", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/136258a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v136/n3433/pdf/136258a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "23", publishdate = "17 August 1935", } @Article{Frisch:1936:CSN, author = "O. R. Frisch and G. Placzek", title = "Capture of Slow Neutrons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "137", number = "3461", pages = "357--357", day = "29", month = feb, year = "1936", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/137357a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v137/n3461/pdf/137357a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "25", publishdate = "29 February 1936", } @Article{Frisch:1936:SAN, author = "O. R. Frisch and G. Hevesy and H. A. C. Mckay", title = "Selective Absorption of Neutrons by Gold", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "137", number = "3456", pages = "149--150", day = "25", month = jan, year = "1936", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/137149b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v137/n3456/pdf/137149b0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "24", publishdate = "25 January 1936", } @Article{Frisch:1937:CSN, author = "O. R. Frisch and H. {von Halban, Jr.} and J{\o}rgen Koch", title = "Capture of Slow Neutrons in Light Elements", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "140", number = "3551", day = "20", month = nov, year = "1937", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/140895b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v140/n3551/pdf/140895b0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "29", publishdate = "20 November 1937", } @Article{Frisch:1937:MFA, author = "O. R. Frisch and H. {von Halban, Jr.} and J{\o}rgen Koch", title = "The Magnetic Field acting upon Neutrons inside Magnetized Iron", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "140", number = "3539", pages = "360--360", day = "28", month = aug, year = "1937", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/140360a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v140/n3539/pdf/140360a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "28", publishdate = "28 August 1937", } @Article{Frisch:1937:MMM, author = "O. R. Frisch and H. {von Halban, Jr.} and J{\o}rgen Koch", title = "A Method of Measuring the Magnetic Moment of Free Neutrons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "139", number = "3522", pages = "756--757", day = "1", month = may, year = "1937", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/139756a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v139/n3522/pdf/139756a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "26", publishdate = "01 May 1937", } @Article{Frisch:1937:SCN, author = "O. R. Frisch and H. {von Halban, Jr.} and J{\o}rgen Koch", title = "The slowing-down and capture of neutrons in hydrogenous substances", journal = "Math.-fys. Meddr", volume = "15", number = "10", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "1937", bibdate = "Fri May 04 09:34:40 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "31", } @Article{Frisch:1937:SCS, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "On the selective capture of slow neutrons", journal = "Det {Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab}. {Mathematisk}-fysiske Meddelelser", volume = "14", number = "12", pages = "1--31", month = "????", year = "1937", bibdate = "Fri May 04 09:32:36 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Math.-fys. Meddr.", ORF-number = "30", } @Article{Frisch:1937:SMM, author = "O. R. Frisch and H. {von Halban, Jr.} and J{\o}rgen Koch", title = "Sign of the Magnetic Moment of Free Neutrons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "139", number = "3528", pages = "1021--1021", day = "12", month = jun, year = "1937", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/1391021a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v139/n3528/pdf/1391021a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", publishdate = "12 June 1937", } @Article{Frisch:1937:TEC, author = "O. R. Frisch and H. {von Halban, Jr.} and J{\o}rgen Koch", title = "Temperature Equilibrium of {C}-Neutrons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "139", number = "3526", pages = "922--923", day = "29", month = may, year = "1937", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/139922b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v139/n3526/pdf/139922b0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "27", publishdate = "29 May 1937", } @Article{Frisch:1938:SEM, author = "O. R. Frisch and H. {von Halban, Jr.} and J{\o}rgen Koch", title = "Some Experiments on the Magnetic Properties of Free Neutrons", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "53", number = "9", pages = "719--726", day = "1", month = may, year = "1938", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.53.719", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Fri May 4 09:39:27 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.53.719", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", journal-URL = "https://journals.aps.org/pr/issues", ORF-number = "32", } @Article{Oliphant:1938:RSA, author = "M. L. Oliphant and R. Peierls and P. B. Moon", title = "Radioactivity and sub-atomic phenomena", journal = j-ANNU-REP-PROG-CHEM, volume = "35", pages = "7--35", year = "1938", CODEN = "ARPCAW", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1039/ar9383500007", ISSN = "0365-6217 (print), 1754-7512 (electronic)", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry", journal-URL = "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journalissues/ar", } @Article{Arnold:1939:TMW, author = "W. Arnold and O. R. Frisch and H. Levi", title = "Thin Mica Windows", journal = j-REV-SCI-INSTRUM, volume = "10", number = "6", pages = "197--197", month = jun, year = "1939", CODEN = "RSINAK", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1751531", ISSN = "0034-6748 (print), 1089-7623 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0034-6748", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Review of scientific instruments", journal-URL = "http://rsi.aip.org/", } @Article{Frisch:1939:PED, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "143", number = "3616", pages = "276--276", day = "18", month = feb, year = "1939", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/143276a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Thu Jun 28 05:49:56 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Frisch-Fission-1939.html; http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v143/n3616/pdf/143276a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "34", publishdate = "18 February 1939", remark = "This short paper, submitted 17 January 1939, describes the first experimental confirmation on 13 January 1939 of the Hahn and Strassmann experiment on nuclear disintegration \cite{Hahn:1939:NVB}, and first introduces the word `fission'. The paper accompanies three others \cite{Meitner:1939:DUN,Meitner:1939:NPF,Meitner:1939:PFUb}. Niels Bohr and L{\'e}on Rosenfeld brought the news to America in early January 1939, and Hahn and Strassmann's work was quickly reproduced in several US labs that month. From the paper: ``This seems to be conclusive physical evidence for the breaking up of uranium nuclei into parts of comparable size, as indicated by the experiments of Hahn and Strassmann.''", } @Article{Frisch:1939:RSA, author = "O. R. Frisch and R. Peierls", title = "Radioactivity and sub-atomic phenomena", journal = j-ANNU-REP-PROG-CHEM, volume = "36", pages = "7--32", year = "1939", CODEN = "ARPCAW", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1039/ar9393600007", ISSN = "0365-6217 (print), 1754-7512 (electronic)", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", URL = "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1939/ar/ar9393600007", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry", journal-URL = "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journalissues/ar", ORF-number = "38", } @Article{Frisch:1939:RSP, author = "Otto R. Frisch", title = "Radioactivity and subatomic phenomena", journal = j-ANNU-REP-PROG-CHEM, volume = "36", pages = "7--24", year = "1939", CODEN = "ARPCAW", ISSN = "0365-6217 (print), 1754-7512 (electronic)", bibdate = "Sun Jul 29 18:55:52 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry", journal-URL = "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journalissues/ar", } @Article{Frisch:1939:SCC, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Statistical Calculation of Composite Decay Curves", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "143", number = "3629", pages = "852--853", day = "20", month = may, year = "1939", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/143852b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v143/n3629/pdf/143852b0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "37", publishdate = "20 May 1939", } @Article{Meitner:1939:DUN, author = "Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: a New Type of Nuclear Reaction", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "143", number = "3615", pages = "239--240", day = "11", month = feb, year = "1939", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/143239a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Tue Jun 26 07:01:12 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "This paper, and \cite{Meitner:1939:PFUb}, both submitted 16 January 1939 (see \cite{Meitner:1962:RWR}), provided the first published explanation of nuclear disintegration, called `nuclear fission' by Frisch, that was first observed experimentally by Hahn and Strassmann in December 1939 \cite{Hahn:1939:NVB}. Frisch's paper \cite{Frisch:1939:PED} describes the first experimental confirmation. It was these results that Niels Bohr intended to hold confidential until their journal publication during his January 1939 trip to the USA, but his traveling companion L{\'e}on Rosenfeld \cite{Rosenfeld:1972:NR} wasn't informed of that intent, and the news escaped and spread quickly.", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v143/n3615/pdf/143239a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968); Otto Robert Frisch (1 October 1904, Vienna--22 September 1979)", fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "33", publishdate = "11 February 1939", } @Article{Meitner:1939:PFUa, author = "Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch", title = "On the products of the fission of uranium and thorium under neutron bombardment", journal = "Math.-fys. Meddr", volume = "17", number = "5", pages = "1--13", year = "1939", LCCN = "AS281 .D215 bd. 17, nr. 5", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:32 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "Det Kgl. danske videnskabernes selskab. Mathematisk-fysiske meddelelser.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1878--1968", ORF-number = "36", subject = "Uranium; Thorium; Neutrons", } @Article{Meitner:1939:PFUb, author = "Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Products of the Fission of the Uranium Nucleus", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "143", number = "3620", pages = "471--472", day = "18", month = mar, year = "1939", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/143471a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Tue Jun 26 07:09:26 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "See note in \cite{Meitner:1939:DUN}.", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v143/n3620/pdf/143471a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968); Otto Robert Frisch (1 October 1904, Vienna--22 September 1979)", fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "35", publishdate = "18 March 1939", } @TechReport{Frisch:1940:CSB, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and Rudolf Peierls", title = "On the Construction of a `Super-bomb' based on a Nuclear Chain Reaction in Uranium", institution = "University of Birmingham", address = "Birmingham, UK", month = mar, year = "1940", bibdate = "Sat Nov 02 16:22:08 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "Reprinted in \cite{Frisch:1964:CSB}.", URL = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisch%E2%80%93Peierls_memorandum; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/Frisch.shtml; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/Peierls.shtml; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Begin/FrischPeierls.shtml", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 June 1907--19 September 1995)", remark = "This report estimates the critical mass for uranium-235 fission to be about 0.6 kg (just over one pound), radically below the previous estimate of several tons \cite{Peierls:1939:CCN}. The true value is about 15 kg, but the value in this paper strongly suggested that an atomic bomb is possible, and could be carried by airplane.", } @Misc{Frisch:1940:FPM, author = "Otto R. Frisch and Rudolf E. Peierls", title = "The {Frisch--Peierls} Memorandum, Part 1", howpublished = "ALSOS Web site.", month = mar, year = "1940", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", URL = "http://alsos.wlu.edu/information.aspx?id=3171", abstract = "Originally dated March 1940, this important historical document addresses the possibility of constructing a ``super-bomb'' based on the atomic science of the time. Physicists Otto Frisch and Rudolph Peierls explain the scientific principles at work in the super-bomb, describing the nuclear chain reaction and identifying the critical amount of enriched uranium (U-235) required for the bomb. Furthermore, they discuss the bomb from a military perspective, specifically addressing its possible use in World War II. Until this memorandum was written, an atomic bomb was thought to require too much uranium to be practical in warfare. Frisch and Peierls offer hypotheses on the range and force of the explosion, the dangers of radiation, and the options for protection against the bomb. While cautioning the government against potential dangers, the memo urges the United States to initiate production of the bomb, citing the wide accessibility of the science behind it and, hence, the possibility that Germany could already be developing the weapon. The memorandum is an excellent example of communicating scientific principles to a general audience. It is the first of two parts of the Frisch-Peierls Memorandum; the second offers more scientific and technical details.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Frisch:1940:MPR, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and Rudolf Peierls", title = "Memorandum on the Properties of a Radioactive {``Super-bomb''}", institution = "University of Birmingham", address = "Birmingham, UK", month = mar, year = "1940", bibdate = "Sat Nov 02 15:48:07 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisch%E2%80%93Peierls_memorandum; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/Frisch.shtml; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/Peierls.shtml; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Begin/FrischPeierls.shtml; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Begin/FrischPeierls2.shtml", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "This report estimates the critical mass for uranium-235 fission to be about one pound (0.5 kg), radically below the previous estimate of several tons \cite{Peierls:1939:CCN}. The true value is about 15 kg, but the value in this paper strongly suggested that an atomic bomb is possible, and could be carried by airplane.", } @TechReport{Frisch:1940:PRS, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and Rudolf Peierls", title = "The Properties of a Radioactive {``Super-bomb''}", type = "Memorandum", institution = "University of Birmingham", address = "Birmingham, UK", month = mar, year = "1940", bibdate = "Sat Nov 02 15:48:07 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "Reprinted in \cite{Clark:1965:T}.", URL = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisch%E2%80%93Peierls_memorandum; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/Frisch.shtml; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/Peierls.shtml; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Begin/FrischPeierls.shtml; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Begin/FrischPeierls2.shtml", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 June 1907--19 September 1995)", remark = "This report estimates the critical mass for uranium-235 fission to be about one pound (0.5 kg), radically below the previous estimate of several tons \cite{Peierls:1939:CCN}. The true value is about 15 kg, but the value in this paper strongly suggested that an atomic bomb is possible, and could be carried by airplane.", } @Article{Frisch:1940:RSP, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Radioactivity and subatomic phenomena", journal = j-ANNU-REP-PROG-CHEM, volume = "37", pages = "7--22", year = "1940", CODEN = "ARPCAW", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1039/ar9403700007", ISSN = "0365-6217 (print), 1754-7512 (electronic)", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry", journal-URL = "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journalissues/ar", ORF-number = "39", } @TechReport{Peierls:1940:EFNb, author = "Rudolf Peierls and Otto R. Frisch", title = "The effects of fast neutrons in ordinary uranium", type = "Report", number = "MS-4A (PRO AB4/832)", institution = inst-TUBE-ALLOYS, address = inst-TUBE-ALLOYS:adr, year = "1940", bibdate = "Mon Apr 30 11:17:11 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Possibly available via the Public Records Office, London, UK.", xxnote = "Check author order??", } @Article{Frisch:1941:RSA, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Radioactivity and sub-atomic phenomena", journal = j-ANNU-REP-PROG-CHEM, volume = "38", pages = "287--297", year = "1941", CODEN = "ARPCAW", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1039/ar9413800287", ISSN = "0365-6217 (print), 1754-7512 (electronic)", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry", journal-URL = "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journalissues/ar", ORF-number = "41", } @TechReport{Frisch:1942:ACN, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Absolute calibration of a neutron source", type = "Liverpool Report", number = "AB 4/50 (BR 49)", institution = inst-TUBE-ALLOYS, address = inst-TUBE-ALLOYS:adr, year = "1942", bibdate = "Fri May 04 10:50:27 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "43", remark = "Not found at The National Archives Web site, or elsewhere on the Internet via Web search engines.", } @TechReport{Frisch:1942:IAU, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Isotope analysis of uranium samples by means of $ \alpha $-ray groups", type = "Liverpool Report", number = "AB 4/50 (BR 49)", institution = inst-TUBE-ALLOYS, address = inst-TUBE-ALLOYS:adr, year = "1942", bibdate = "Fri May 04 10:50:27 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C1978077", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "42", remark = "The National Archives says: ``This record has not been digitised and cannot be downloaded.'' However, one can visit the Archives to see it, or pay for a printed copy.", } @TechReport{Frisch:1943:LAT, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and Rudolf Peierls", title = "Light absorption by two black hemispheres", type = "Report", number = "MS-77 (PRO AB4/915)", institution = inst-TUBE-ALLOYS, address = inst-TUBE-ALLOYS:adr, year = "1943", bibdate = "Mon Apr 30 11:17:11 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Possibly available via the Public Records Office, London, UK.", xxnote = "Check author order??", } @Article{Frisch:1943:RSA, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Radioactivity and sub-atomic phenomena", journal = j-ANNU-REP-PROG-CHEM, volume = "40", pages = "5--11", year = "1943", CODEN = "ARPCAW", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1039/ar9434000005", ISSN = "0365-6217 (print), 1754-7512 (electronic)", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry", journal-URL = "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journalissues/ar", ORF-number = "44", } @TechReport{Stein:1945:DNU, author = "P. R. Stein and Otto Robert Frisch and Bernard Taub Feld and F. de Hoffman", title = "Delayed neutrons from {U$^{235}$} after short irradiation", type = "Report", number = "AECD-1971", institution = "U.S. Atomic Energy Commission", address = "Oak Ridge, TN, USA", pages = "20", day = "6", month = apr, year = "1945", bibdate = "Fri May 04 06:05:32 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "Declassified 17 May 1948. Title page undated, but date found in footnote on first document page.", URL = "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015086446955", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Submitted to \booktitle{The Physical Review}.", } @Article{Blackett:1946:MAE, author = "P. M. S. Blackett and M. Born and P. I. Dee and P. A. M. Dirac and N. Feather and E. A. Guggenheim and H. S. W. Massey and P. B. Moon and N. F. Mott and M. L. E. Oliphant and F. A. Paneth and R. E. Peierls and M. H. L. Pryce and F. E. Simon and {Sir} George Thompson and O. R. Frisch and H. W. B. Skinner", title = "Memo to the {UN Atomic Energy Commission}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "1", number = "12", pages = "6--8", day = "1", month = jun, year = "1946", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 16 17:05:09 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 June 1907--19 September 1995)", fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", } @TechReport{Frisch:1946:NUD, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and U. R. Friend", title = "Note on a use of delay lines in counter pulse amplifiers", type = "Report", number = "MDDC 238 and LADC 221", institution = "Atomic Energy Commission", address = "Oak Ridge, TN, USA", pages = "4", day = "6", month = jul, year = "1946", bibdate = "Fri May 04 05:59:00 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "Manhattan District declassified code 22 August 1946.", URL = "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015077319377", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Frisch:1946:TNP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The tools of nuclear physics", journal = "Penguin Science News", volume = "2", number = "??", pages = "128--161", month = "????", year = "1946", bibdate = "Fri May 04 19:13:14 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G1", } @Misc{Frisch:1947:LNP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Lectures on nuclear physics at {A.E.R.E.}", howpublished = "Unknown.", year = "1947", bibdate = "Fri May 04 19:14:30 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G2", } @Book{Frisch:1947:MAPa, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Meet the atoms; a popular guide to modern physics", publisher = "Sigma Books", address = "London, UK", pages = "xiv + 226", year = "1947", LCCN = "QC173 .F723 1947a", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:32 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1904-- [from old catalog]", ORF-number = "B1a", subject = "Atoms", } @Book{Frisch:1947:MAPb, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Meet the atoms, a popular guide to modern physics", publisher = "A. A. Wyn, Inc.", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "xiv + 226", year = "1947", LCCN = "QC173 .F723", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:32 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1904--", ORF-number = "B1b", subject = "Atoms", } @Misc{Frisch:1948:MTR, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Meson theory and radar", howpublished = "Technion Yb.", year = "1948", bibdate = "Fri May 04 19:15:25 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G3", } @TechReport{Frisch:1948:SMP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Statistics of multiplicative processes", type = "Report", number = "????", institution = "Atomic Energy Research Establishment", address = "Harwell, Berkshire, UK", pages = "??", month = "????", year = "1948", bibdate = "Fri May 04 10:57:31 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "45", } @Article{Frisch:1950:BRA, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Acceleration of particles to high energies}}, London: Institute of Physics}", journal = "Discovery", volume = "11", number = "??", pages = "340--340", month = "????", year = "1950", CODEN = "DISCAH", ISSN = "0012-3625", ISSN-L = "0012-3625", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "R1", remark = "Discovery was replaced by Science Journal (ISSN 0582-2092, 1965--1971), merged with New Scientist (ISSN 0028-6664, 1956--1971), and finally, New Scientist and Science Journal (ISSN 0369-5808, 1971--1971).", } @Article{Frisch:1950:CL, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The cyclotron and its limitations", journal = "Discovery", volume = "11", number = "??", pages = "262--266", month = "????", year = "1950", CODEN = "DISCAH", ISSN = "0012-3625", ISSN-L = "0012-3625", bibdate = "Fri May 04 19:16:20 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G4", remark = "Discovery was replaced by Science Journal (ISSN 0582-2092, 1965--1971), merged with New Scientist (ISSN 0028-6664, 1956--1971), and finally, New Scientist and Science Journal (ISSN 0369-5808, 1971--1971).", } @Article{Frisch:1950:SC, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Scintillation counters", journal = j-HELV-PHYS-ACTA, volume = "23", number = "Supplement 3", pages = "150--154", month = "154", year = "1950", CODEN = "HPACAK", ISSN = "0018-0238", bibdate = "Fri May 04 11:01:33 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=hpa-001:1950:23::1114", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Helvetica Physica Acta", journal-URL = "http://retro.seals.ch/digbib/vollist?UID=hpa-001", ORF-number = "46", } @Article{Frank:1951:LMK, author = "S. G. F. Frank and O. R. Frisch and G. G. Scarrott", title = "{LXIII}. {A} mechanical kick-sorter (pulse size analyser)", journal = "The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science", volume = "42", number = "329", pages = "603--611", month = jun, year = "1951", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/14786445108561275", bibdate = "Fri May 4 11:17:24 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "47", } @Article{Frisch:1951:AAAa, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The artificial acceleration of atomic particles", journal = j-PROC-R-INST-G-B, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "??--??", day = "11", month = may, year = "1951", CODEN = "PIGBAI", ISSN = "0035-8959", bibdate = "Fri May 04 19:17:04 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain", journal-URL = "http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008307565", ORF-number = "G5", } @Article{Frisch:1951:AAAb, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Artificial Acceleration of Atomic Particles", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "168", number = "4281", pages = "849--851", day = "17", month = nov, year = "1951", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/168849a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v168/n4281/pdf/168849a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", publishdate = "17 November 1951", } @Article{Frisch:1951:AR, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Atomic Reminiscences", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "168", number = "4262", pages = "6--6", day = "7", month = jul, year = "1951", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/168006b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v168/n4262/pdf/168006b0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", publishdate = "07 July 1951", } @Article{Frisch:1951:BRN, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{New Atoms}}, by Otto Hahn}", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "168", number = "??", pages = "67", month = "????", year = "1951", CODEN = "NATUAS", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "R2", remark = "This reference is wrong, and not found on pages 67--69 of this issue of Nature. Not found by search in journal Web site. Where did it appear?", } @Article{Frisch:1953:CMP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Causality in modern physics", journal = "The Listener", volume = "49", number = "??", pages = "138--142", month = "????", year = "1953", bibdate = "Fri May 04 19:19:39 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G6", } @Article{Frisch:1953:GAW, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Giant accelerators: what do we expect of them?", journal = "Times Science Review", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "2--2", month = "Summer", year = "1953", bibdate = "Fri May 04 19:20:29 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Times Sci. Rev.", ORF-number = "G7", } @Article{Frisch:1954:AEH, author = "Professor O. R. {Frisch, O.B.E., F.R.S.}", title = "Atomic energy --- how it all began", journal = j-BR-J-APPL-PHYS, volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "81--84", month = mar, year = "1954", CODEN = "BJAPAJ", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/5/3/301", ISSN = "0508-3443 (print), 2057-7656 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0508-3443", bibdate = "Fri Sep 07 12:03:08 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "A lecture delivered in London to the Education Group of The Institute of Physics on 20 October, 1953.", URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0508-3443/5/3/301; http://stacks.iop.org/0508-3443/5/i=3/a=301", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "British Journal of Applied Physics", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0508-3443", ORF-number = "G11", remark-1 = "From page 82: ``But in principle there is no difference between those cases [radioactive decay and chemical reactions], and it is misleading to state, as the daily Press has done, that atomic energy, in contrast to chemical energy, depends on Einstein's principle of the equivalence of mass and energy. In both forms of energy production the mass change is unobservably small. What Einstein's formula does is to limit the amount of energy which could possibly be obtained from a given amount of matter.''.", remark-2 = "From page 82: ``All light nuclei are indeed lighter than the fragments into which they might get broken, so breaking them will not give us a source of energy. But, as one goes to heavier nuclei one finds that the mass defect --- the amount by which the mass of a nucleus is smaller than that of all the protons and neutrons of which it consists --- does not grow as fast as the mass itself, and the heaviest nuclei should be capable of breaking up into lighter ones, with the liberation of large amounts of energy and probably of some neutrons. Those neutrons might stimulate the break-up of further heavy nuclei and there we would have our chain reaction.''", remark-3 = "From page 83: ``Why do they [alpha particles (He$^+$ ions)] come out one by one? Five helium nuclei could be united into one neon nucleus, with the liberation of some extra energy; yet the emission of a neon nucleus is never observed. The quantum theory explains that: according to its formulae, the heavier neon nucleus would have vastly greater difficulty in penetrating the potential barrier, and it is much easier for the same amount of nuclear matter to seep out in the form of five successive helium nuclei than in one big lump. What all physicists overlooked was that this argument fails for the break-up of a heavy nucleus into two approximately equal parts. In that case the available energy becomes so large that there is practically no potential barrier to be overcome.''", remark-4 = "From page 83: ``One small effect, discovered by Roberts, Meyer and Wang early in 1939 turned out to be of enormous importance: the presence of delayed neutrons. They are emitted, not in the fission act by fragments still `hot' from the upheaval that made them, but seconds later as a consequence of the radioactive transformation of some of those fragments. It is on those neutrons that the possibility of a controlled reaction largely depends.''", remark-5 = "From page 84: ``Bohr concluded, early in 1939, that the fission caused by slow neutrons happened with nuclei, not of $^{238}$U but of a slight admixture (0.7\%) of $^{235}$U. That surprising conclusion was based on rather subtle arguments and at first met with some scepticism; but it was proved correct a couple of years later when small amounts of $^{235}$U had been separated out with the help of a mass spectrometer.''", remark-6 = "From page 85: ``We knew that we could stop the chain reaction at any tune by removing a few bricks (or a few blocks of the surrounding material), and we never felt that those experiments were dangerous; actually two people died by causing, through some minor slip, a large quantity of neutrons to pass through their bodies, and I once nearly became the third.''", } @Article{Frisch:1954:AWa, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Atomic weapons", journal = "Atomic Scientists Journal", volume = "8", number = "??", pages = "193--193", month = "????", year = "1954", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:44:22 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G14", } @Article{Frisch:1954:AWb, author = "Professor O. R. {Frisch, O.B.E., F.R.S.}", title = "Atomic weapons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "173", number = "4402", pages = "477--477", day = "13", month = mar, year = "1954", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/173477a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:33:00 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "From the second of a series of public lectures arranged by the Atomic Scientists' Association and Department of Extra-Mural Studies of the University of London.", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v173/n4402/abs/173477a0", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "G10", remark = "From the half-page article: ``An average local thunderstorm releases as much energy as a plutonium bomb; a hurricane or an earthquake, a million times as much.''", } @InCollection{Frisch:1954:AWc, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Atomic weapons", crossref = "Rotblat:1954:AES", pages = "??--??", year = "1954", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:52:37 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G15", } @Article{Frisch:1954:FCD, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "On the Feasibility of Coal-Driven Power Stations", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "10", number = "6", pages = "224--224", month = jun, year = "1954", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Thu Sep 26 05:45:14 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", journal-URL = "http://bos.sagepub.com/", } @Article{Frisch:1954:HAE, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "How atomic energy works", journal = "The Sunday Times", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "??--??", day = "6", month = oct, year = "1954", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:30:05 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G9", } @Article{Frisch:1954:HHB, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "How the hydrogen bomb works", journal = "The Listener", volume = "51", number = "??", pages = "907--908", month = "????", year = "1954", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:42:25 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G13", } @Article{Frisch:1954:IMP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Individuality in modern physics", journal = "The Listener", volume = "51", number = "??", pages = "57--58", month = "????", year = "1954", bibdate = "Fri May 04 19:26:15 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G8", } @Article{Frisch:1954:SHB, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Scientists and the hydrogen bomb", journal = "The Listener", volume = "51", number = "??", pages = "556--556", month = "????", year = "1954", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:42:25 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G12", } @Article{Frisch:1954:XPM, author = "O. R. Frisch and D. J. Littler", title = "{XVII}. {Pile} modulation and statistical fluctuations in piles", journal = "The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science", volume = "45", number = "361", pages = "126--140", month = feb, year = "1954", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440208520432", bibdate = "Fri May 4 11:08:13 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786440208520432", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "48", received = "21 January 1953", } @Article{Frisch:1955:AP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The anti-proton", journal = "Discovery", volume = "51", number = "??", pages = "498--498", month = "????", year = "1955", CODEN = "DISCAH", ISSN = "0012-3625", ISSN-L = "0012-3625", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:57:27 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G18", remark = "Discovery was replaced by Science Journal (ISSN 0582-2092, 1965--1971), merged with New Scientist (ISSN 0028-6664, 1956--1971), and finally, New Scientist and Science Journal (ISSN 0369-5808, 1971--1971).", } @Article{Frisch:1955:BR, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Atoms in the Family: My Life with Enrico Fermi --- Designer of the First Atomic Pile}}, by Laura Fermi. Pp. 284 + 15 plates (London: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., 1955)}", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "176", number = "4488", pages = "850--850", day = "5", month = nov, year = "1955", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/176850b0; https://doi.org/10.1038/176850d0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v176/n4488/pdf/176850b0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "R3", publishdate = "05 November 1955", } @Article{Frisch:1955:CAP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Counting atomic particles", journal = "Times Science Review", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "6--6", month = "Spring", year = "1955", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:53:37 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Times Sci. Rev.", ORF-number = "G16", } @Article{Frisch:1955:HEA, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "High-energy accelerators. {The} synchrotron", journal = "Discovery", volume = "16", number = "??", pages = "450--450", month = "????", year = "1955", CODEN = "DISCAH", ISSN = "0012-3625", ISSN-L = "0012-3625", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:56:34 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G17", remark = "Discovery was replaced by Science Journal (ISSN 0582-2092, 1965--1971), merged with New Scientist (ISSN 0028-6664, 1956--1971), and finally, New Scientist and Science Journal (ISSN 0369-5808, 1971--1971).", } @Article{Frisch:1955:IRA, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "{II}. --- {La} radioactivit{\'e} artificielle et la physique. ({French}) [{II}. --- {Artificial} radioactivity and physics]", journal = j-J-PHYS-RADIUM, volume = "16", number = "10", pages = "748--753", month = oct, year = "1955", CODEN = "JPRAAJ", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1051/jphysrad:019550016010074800", ISSN = "0368-3842", ISSN-L = "0368-3842", bibdate = "Fri May 4 11:24:04 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "Lecture at the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the discovery of artificial radioactivity", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Journal de Physique et le Radium", journal-URL = "https://jphysrad.journaldephysique.org/", language = "French", ORF-number = "49", } @Article{Frisch:1955:PEF, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "{Prof. Enrico Fermi, For. Mem. R. S.}", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "175", number = "4444", pages = "18--19", day = "1", month = jan, year = "1955", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/175018a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Thu Jul 5 09:12:16 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v175/n4444/pdf/175018a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "O1", publishdate = "01 January 1955", } @Article{Frisch:1956:AP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The anti-proton", journal = "Nucl. Pwr", volume = "1", number = "??", pages = "51--52", month = "????", year = "1956", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:59:08 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G20", } @Article{Frisch:1956:APA, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Anti-particles and anti-matter", journal = "Times Science Review", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "1--1", month = "Winter", year = "1956", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:02:45 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Times Sci. Rev.", ORF-number = "G23", } @Article{Frisch:1956:DAP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The discovery of the anti-proton", journal = "The Listener", volume = "55", number = "??", pages = "16--17", month = "????", year = "1956", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:01:19 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G21", } @Article{Frisch:1956:FCD, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "On the feasibility of coal-driven power stations", journal = "Nucl. Engng, Lond", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "268--269", month = "????", year = "1956", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:58:27 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G19", } @Article{Frisch:1956:JP, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "``{Jocular} Physics''", journal = j-SCI-AMER, volume = "194", number = "3", pages = "93--103", month = mar, year = "1956", CODEN = "SCAMAC", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0356-93", ISSN = "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8733", bibdate = "Sat May 18 15:59:04 MDT 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciam1950.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v194/n3/pdf/scientificamerican0356-93.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Scientific American", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican", } @Article{Frisch:1956:LYS, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Letter to a young scientist", journal = "The Listener", volume = "56", number = "??", pages = "269, 350", month = "????", year = "1956", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:02:05 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G22", } @Article{Frisch:1957:BR, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "{[Book} Reviews]", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "179", number = "4564", day = "20", month = apr, year = "1957", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/179799c0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v179/n4564/pdf/179799c0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", publishdate = "20 April 1957", } @Article{Frisch:1957:BRN, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Nuclear explosions and their effects}}. Pp. x + 184. (Delhi: Indian Ministry of Information \& Broadcasting, 1956)}", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "179", number = "4564", pages = "799--799", day = "20", month = apr, year = "1957", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/179799d0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "R4", } @Article{Frisch:1957:HNF, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "How nuclear fission came to be discovered", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "2", number = "??", pages = "29--31", month = "????", year = "1957", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:05:57 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G25", } @Article{Frisch:1957:PC, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Parity is not conserved", journal = "University Quarterly", volume = "11", number = "??", pages = "235--244", month = "????", year = "1957", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:06:36 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G26", } @Book{Frisch:1957:PEW, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "{Die Probleme der Energieerzeugung aus Wasserstoff}. ({German}) [{The} Problems of Hydrogen Generation]", publisher = "{\"O}sterreichische Studiengesellschaft f{\"u}r Atomenergie Ges. m.b.H. (SGAE)", address = "Vienna, Austria", pages = "??--??", year = "1957", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:07:54 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", ORF-number = "G27", } @Article{Frisch:1957:PUA, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Peaceful uses of atomic fission", journal = j-ATLANTIC-MONTHLY, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "1957", ISSN = "1072-7825 (print), 2151-9463 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1072-7825", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:12:41 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Atlantic Monthly", journal-URL = "http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/backissues/", ORF-number = "G28", } @Article{Frisch:1957:QAM, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The quest for anti-matter", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "1", number = "??", pages = "37--39", day = "31", month = jan, year = "1957", CODEN = "NWSCAL", ISSN = "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0262-4079", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:04:08 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New Scientist", journal-URL = "https://www.newscientist.com/issues/", ORF-number = "G24", } @Book{Frisch:1958:NH, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The nuclear handbook", publisher = "Van Nostrand", address = "Princeton, NJ, USA", pages = "????", year = "1958", LCCN = "QC783 .F7", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:32 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "With 22 specialist contributors.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1904--", subject = "Nuclear physics; Handbooks, manuals, etc; Nuclear engineering", } @Book{Frisch:1958:NHS, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The nuclear handbook", publisher = "G. Newnes", address = "London, UK", pages = "????", year = "1958", LCCN = "QC783 .F7 1958a", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:32 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "With 22 specialist contributors.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1904--", ORF-number = "E2", subject = "Nuclear physics; Handbooks, manuals, etc; Nuclear engineering", } @Article{Frisch:1959:AM, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "This age of magnetism", journal = "The Listener", volume = "61", number = "??", pages = "1108--1109", month = "????", year = "1959", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:17:51 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G32", } @Article{Frisch:1959:BKB, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "{Betrachtungen {\"u}ber koh{\"a}rente Bremsstrahlung}. ({German}) [{Considerations} for coherent {Bremsstrahlung}]", journal = j-ACTA-PHYS-AUSTRIACA, volume = "12", number = "??", pages = "331--335", month = "????", year = "1959", CODEN = "APASAP", ISSN = "0001-6713", bibdate = "Fri May 04 14:01:30 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Acta Physica Austriaca", language = "German", ORF-number = "51", } @Article{Frisch:1959:BRC, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{{\v{C}}erenkov radiation and its application}}, by C. V. Jelley}", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "5", number = "??", pages = "1034--1034", month = "????", year = "1959", CODEN = "NWSCAL", ISSN = "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0262-4079", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New Scientist", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079", ORF-number = "R5", } @Article{Frisch:1959:BRT, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Turning points in physics}} (Oxford lectures)}", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "6", number = "??", pages = "527--528", month = "????", year = "1959", CODEN = "NWSCAL", ISSN = "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0262-4079", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New Scientist", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079", ORF-number = "R6", } @Article{Frisch:1959:DCB, author = "O. R. Frisch and D. N. Olson", title = "Detection of Coherent {Bremsstrahlung} from Crystals", journal = j-PHYS-REV-LET, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "141--142", month = aug, year = "1959", CODEN = "PRLTAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.3.141", ISSN = "0031-9007 (print), 1079-7114 (electronic), 1092-0145", ISSN-L = "0031-9007", bibdate = "Fri May 4 11:34:29 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.3.141", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review Letters", journal-URL = "http://prl.aps.org/browse", ORF-number = "50", } @Article{Frisch:1959:EN, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The energetic nucleus", journal = "United Nations News", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "7--10", month = jan # "\slash " # mar, year = "1959", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:14:02 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G29", } @Article{Frisch:1959:MA, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Measuring atoms", journal = "The Listener", volume = "62", number = "??", pages = "1161--1163", month = "????", year = "1959", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:18:26 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G33", } @Article{Frisch:1959:MB, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Molecular beams", journal = j-CONTEMP-PHYS, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "3--16", year = "1959", CODEN = "CTPHAF", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00107515908202592", ISSN = "0010-7514 (print), 1366-5812 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0010-7514", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 19:57:18 MST 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Contemporary Physics", journal-URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20", ORF-number = "52", } @Article{Frisch:1959:NEP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The new elementary particles", journal = "Times Science Review", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "12--12", month = "Autumn", year = "1959", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:19:00 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Times Sci. Rev.", ORF-number = "G34", } @Article{Frisch:1959:NP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The new particles", journal = "Bulletin of the Institute of Physics, London", volume = "10", number = "??", pages = "137--142", month = "????", year = "1959", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:15:20 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Bull. Inst. Phys., Lond.", ORF-number = "G30", } @Article{Frisch:1959:PAN, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Probing the atomic nucleus", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "6", number = "??", pages = "228--230, 416", month = "????", year = "1959", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:16:44 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G31", } @Article{Frisch:1959:PCN, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "``{Parity} Is Not Conserved'' A New Twist to Physics?", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "15", number = "3", pages = "139--143", month = mar, year = "1959", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Sat Sep 28 07:42:26 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib", note = "Reprinted from \booktitle{Universities Quarterly}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", journal-URL = "http://bos.sagepub.com/", } @Article{Frisch:1959:PNC, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Parity non-conservation in weak interactions", journal = j-PROG-NUCL-PHYS, volume = "6", number = "??", pages = "267--273", month = "????", year = "1959", CODEN = "PNUPAT", ISSN = "0079-659X", ISSN-L = "0079-659X", bibdate = "Fri May 04 14:04:57 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Prog. nucl. Phys.", fjournal = "Progress in Nuclear Physics", ORF-number = "53", } @Book{Frisch:1959:TAP, editor = "O. R. Frisch and F. A. Paneth and F. Laves and P. Rosbaud", title = "Trends in atomic physics; essays dedicated to {Lise Meitner}, {Otto Hahn}, {Max von Laue} on the occasion of their 80th birthday: Atomic physics", publisher = pub-INTERSCIENCE, address = pub-INTERSCIENCE:adr, pages = "285", year = "1959", LCCN = "QC475 .B45 1959a", bibdate = "Fri Jun 29 06:05:54 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "An identical edition is published simultaneously under the title \booktitle{Beitr{\"a}ge zur Physik und Chemie des 20. Jahrhunderts}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "English, French, German", ORF-number = "E3", remark = "German-language edition in \cite{Frisch:1959:BPC}. According to \cite[page 271]{Bodanis:2000:BWM}, Frisch was known as Robert Otto Frisch in Germany, and used Robert as his name. When he moved to the USA, because Robert was so common there, he switched to Otto, and thus, he appears in the literature as both Robert Otto and Otto Robert.", subject = "Meitner, Lise; Hahn, Otto; Laue, Max von; Radiation; Chemistry, Physical and theoretical", subject-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968); Otto Hahn (8 March 1879--28 July 1968); Max von Laue (9 October 1879--24 April 1960)", } @Article{Frisch:1960:BRG, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The great decision}}, by M. Amrine}", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "7", number = "??", pages = "1555--1556", month = "????", year = "1960", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "R8", } @Article{Frisch:1960:ESA, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Exploring the sub-atomic world", journal = "The Listener", volume = "63", number = "??", pages = "119--120", month = "????", year = "1960", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:27:20 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G38", } @InCollection{Frisch:1960:FP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Fundamental particles", crossref = "Haslett:1960:SS", pages = "9--22", year = "1960", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:24:01 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G37", } @Article{Frisch:1960:LNSa, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Are the Laws of Nature Symmetrical?", journal = j-PROC-R-INST-G-B, volume = "38", number = "??", pages = "249--??", month = "????", year = "1960", CODEN = "PIGBAI", ISSN = "0035-8959", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:21:34 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain", journal-URL = "http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008307565", ORF-number = "G35", } @Article{Frisch:1960:LNSb, author = "O. R. Frischb", title = "Are the Laws of Nature Symmetrical?", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "187", number = "4738", pages = "638--641", day = "20", month = aug, year = "1960", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/187638a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v187/n4738/pdf/187638a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", publishdate = "20 August 1960", } @Article{Frisch:1960:NEN, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and {Sir} J. Cockcroft and I. G. John", title = "Nuclear energy: its nature, control and use", journal = "UNA Peacefinder pamphlet", volume = "29", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "1960", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:22:46 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G36", xxnote = "Check author order??", } @Article{Frisch:1960:SAA, author = "O. R. Frisch and A. J. Oxley", title = "A semi-automatic analyser for bubble chamber photographs", journal = j-NUCL-INSTR-METH, volume = "9", number = "1", pages = "92--96", month = oct, year = "1960", CODEN = "NUIMAL", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554x(60)90053-7", ISSN = "0029-554X (print), 1878-3759 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0029-554X", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:21 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0029554X", ORF-number = "54", xxpages = "92--98", } @Article{Frisch:1960:SPa, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The strange particles", journal = "The Listener", volume = "63", number = "??", pages = "173--176", month = "????", year = "1960", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:30:00 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G39", } @Article{Frisch:1960:SPb, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Strangeness and parity", journal = "The Listener", volume = "63", number = "??", pages = "217--218", month = "????", year = "1960", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:27:56 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G40", } @Book{Frisch:1961:APT, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Atomic physics today", publisher = pub-BASIC-BOOKS, address = pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr, pages = "vi + 254", year = "1961", LCCN = "QC778 .F73", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:32 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1904-- [from old catalog]", ORF-number = "B2", subject = "Nuclear physics; Popular works; Atoms", } @Article{Frisch:1961:BRB, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The birth of the bomb}}, Robin Clark}", journal = "Discovery", volume = "22", number = "??", pages = "318--318", month = "????", year = "1961", CODEN = "DISCAH", ISSN = "0012-3625", ISSN-L = "0012-3625", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "R9", remark = "Discovery was replaced by Science Journal (ISSN 0582-2092, 1965--1971), merged with New Scientist (ISSN 0028-6664, 1956--1971), and finally, New Scientist and Science Journal (ISSN 0369-5808, 1971--1971).", } @Article{Frisch:1961:BRD, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{From dualism to unity in physics}}. By A. Land{\'e} (Cambridge University Press, 1960). Pp. xvi + 114}", journal = j-CONTEMP-PHYS, volume = "2", number = "4", pages = "323--323", year = "1961", CODEN = "CTPHAF", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00107516108202665", ISSN = "0010-7514 (print), 1366-5812 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0010-7514", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 19:57:38 MST 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Contemporary Physics", journal-URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20", ORF-number = "R7", } @Article{Frisch:1961:EP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The elementary particles", journal = "Discovery", volume = "22", number = "??", pages = "515--524", month = "????", year = "1961", CODEN = "DISCAH", ISSN = "0012-3625", ISSN-L = "0012-3625", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:33:02 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G42", remark = "Discovery was replaced by Science Journal (ISSN 0582-2092, 1965--1971), merged with New Scientist (ISSN 0028-6664, 1956--1971), and finally, New Scientist and Science Journal (ISSN 0369-5808, 1971--1971).", } @Article{Frisch:1961:FP, author = "Professor O. R. {Frisch, O.B.E., D.Sc., F.R.S.}", title = "Fundamental particles", journal = j-J-INST-ELECTR-ENG, volume = "7", number = "78", pages = "357--359", month = jun, year = "1961", CODEN = "JISEAL", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1049/jiee-3.1961.0187", ISSN = "0368-2692 (print), 2054-0574 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0368-2692", bibdate = "Sat May 5 08:07:13 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers", journal-URL = "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=5308791", } @InCollection{Frisch:1961:I, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Introduction", crossref = "Bohr:1961:ATD", pages = "??--??", year = "1961", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:32:23 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G41", } @Book{Frisch:1961:PNP, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Progress in nuclear physics", volume = "3", publisher = "????", address = "????", pages = "vii + 279", year = "1961", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", ZMnumber = "0098.18004", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Frisch:1961:TRP, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Time and relativity: {Part I}", journal = j-CONTEMP-PHYS, volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "16--27", year = "1961", CODEN = "CTPHAF", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00107516108204443", ISSN = "0010-7514 (print), 1366-5812 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0010-7514", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 19:57:44 MST 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib", ZMnumber = "0098.18004", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Contemporary Physics", journal-URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20", ORF-number = "55", } @Article{Frisch:1962:BRN, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The new world}}, by R. G. Hewlett \& O. E. Anderson}", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "15", number = "??", pages = "46--??", month = "????", year = "1962", CODEN = "NWSCAL", ISSN = "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0262-4079", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New Scientist", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079", ORF-number = "R10", } @Article{Frisch:1962:BRP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The philosophical impact of contemporary physics}}, M. {\v{C}}apek}", journal = "Discovery", volume = "23", number = "??", pages = "44--44", month = "????", year = "1962", CODEN = "DISCAH", ISSN = "0012-3625", ISSN-L = "0012-3625", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "R11", remark = "Discovery was replaced by Science Journal (ISSN 0582-2092, 1965--1971), merged with New Scientist (ISSN 0028-6664, 1956--1971), and finally, New Scientist and Science Journal (ISSN 0369-5808, 1971--1971).", } @Article{Frisch:1962:OQ, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Observation and the quantum", journal = "????", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "309--309", month = "????", year = "1962", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:34:00 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G43", } @Article{Frisch:1962:TRP, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Time and relativity: {Part II}", journal = j-CONTEMP-PHYS, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "194--201", year = "1962", CODEN = "CTPHAF", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00107516208221795", ISSN = "0010-7514 (print), 1366-5812 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0010-7514", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 19:57:49 MST 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Contemporary Physics", journal-URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20", } @Book{Frisch:1963:EP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and Wilhelm Fucks", title = "{Die Elementarteilchen der Physik}. ({German}) [{The} elementary particles of physics]", publisher = "Westdeutscher Verlag", address = "K{\"o}ln, West Germany", pages = "114", year = "1963", LCCN = "Q49.C95 A8 Heft 124", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:32 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1904--", language = "German", subject = "Particles (Nuclear physics); Music; Acoustics and physics", } @InCollection{Frisch:1963:MOF, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Means of observing fundamental particles", crossref = "Garratt:1963:PSS", pages = "??--??", year = "1963", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:38:54 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G44", } @Article{Frisch:1963:MP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The magnetic proton", journal = "The Listener", volume = "70", number = "??", pages = "459--460", month = "????", year = "1963", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G45", } @Article{Frisch:1964:BRI, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{An introduction to the theory of relativity}}, by A. V. Rosser}", journal = j-CONTEMP-PHYS, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "155--156", year = "1964", CODEN = "CTPHAF", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00107516408203118", ISSN = "0010-7514 (print), 1366-5812 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0010-7514", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 19:58:26 MST 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Contemporary Physics", journal-URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20", ORF-number = "R13", } @Article{Frisch:1964:BRN, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The nature of matter}}, by Yuan}", journal = "????", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "1964", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "R14", } @Article{Frisch:1964:BRP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Physics in the sixties}}, edited by S. K. Runcorn}", journal = "Discovery", volume = "24", number = "??", pages = "50--50", month = "????", year = "1964", CODEN = "DISCAH", ISSN = "0012-3625", ISSN-L = "0012-3625", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "R12", remark = "Discovery was replaced by Science Journal (ISSN 0582-2092, 1965--1971), merged with New Scientist (ISSN 0028-6664, 1956--1971), and finally, New Scientist and Science Journal (ISSN 0369-5808, 1971--1971).", } @Article{Frisch:1964:C, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Causality", journal = "The Listener", volume = "72", number = "??", pages = "83--84", month = "????", year = "1964", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G47", } @InCollection{Frisch:1964:CSB, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and Rudolf Peierls", title = "On the Construction of a `Super-bomb' based on a Nuclear Chain Reaction in Uranium [{Part 1}]", crossref = "Gowing:1964:BAEb", pages = "389--393", year = "1964", bibdate = "Mon Apr 30 11:09:57 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "40a", } @InCollection{Frisch:1964:ISS, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Interessen samler sig omkring atomkernen. ({Danish}) [{Interest} collects around the atomic nucleus]", crossref = "Bohr:1964:NBH", pages = "132--144", year = "1964", bibdate = "Wed May 11 06:04:55 2011", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Danish", } @Article{Frisch:1964:NFP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The new fundamental particles", journal = "The Listener", volume = "71", number = "??", pages = "119--120, 173, 176, 217--218", month = "????", year = "1964", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G46", } @Article{Frisch:1964:NNR, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Nuclei and nuclear reactions", journal = j-CONTEMP-PHYS, volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "81--93", year = "1964", CODEN = "CTPHAF", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00107516408203111", ISSN = "0010-7514 (print), 1366-5812 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0010-7514", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 19:58:26 MST 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Contemporary Physics", journal-URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20", ORF-number = "56", } @InCollection{Frisch:1964:TNP, author = "Otto R. Frisch", title = "The Tools of Nuclear Physics", crossref = "Rapport:1964:P", pages = "144--176", year = "1964", bibdate = "Tue Jul 31 18:05:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Reprinted from \booktitle{Science News} [precise metadata not yet located].", } @InCollection{Frisch:1965:CSB, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and Rudolf Peierls", title = "On the Construction of a `Super-bomb' based on a Nuclear Chain Reaction in Uranium {[Part 2]}", crossref = "Clark:1965:T", pages = "215--217", year = "1965", bibdate = "Mon Apr 30 11:09:57 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "40b", } @Article{Frisch:1965:MB, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Molecular Beams", journal = j-SCI-AMER, volume = "212", number = "5", pages = "58--74", month = may, year = "1965", CODEN = "SCAMAC", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0565-58", ISSN = "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8733", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciam1960.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v212/n5/pdf/scientificamerican0565-58.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Scientific American", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican", ORF-number = "G49", } @Article{Frisch:1965:PMM, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Poor man's {SMP}", journal = j-IEEE-TRANS-NUCL-SCI, volume = "12", number = "4", pages = "196--197", month = aug, year = "1965", CODEN = "IRNSAM", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.1965.4323843", ISSN = "0018-9499 (print), 1558-1578 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0018-9499", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Trans. Nucl. Sci. I.E.E.E.", fjournal = "IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science", journal-URL = "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=23", ORF-number = "G48", remark = "The article repeatedly uses SMP without ever defining it.", } @Article{Frisch:1965:PMP, author = "Professor O. R. {Frisch, O.B.E., F.R.S.}", title = "The particles of modern physics", journal = j-ELECTRON-POWER, volume = "11", number = "5", pages = "153", month = may, year = "1965", CODEN = "ELPWAQ", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1049/ep.1965.0120", ISSN = "0013-5127 (print), 2053-7883 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0013-5127", bibdate = "Sat May 5 08:11:03 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Electronics and power", } @Article{Frisch:1965:TPL, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Take a photon \ldots{}", journal = j-CONTEMP-PHYS, volume = "7", number = "1", pages = "45--53", year = "1965", CODEN = "CTPHAF", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00107516508202135", ISSN = "0010-7514 (print), 1366-5812 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0010-7514", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 19:58:37 MST 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Contemporary Physics", journal-URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20", ORF-number = "57", } @Book{Frisch:1965:WA, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Working with atoms", publisher = pub-BASIC-BOOKS, address = pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr, pages = "96", year = "1965", bibdate = "Fri May 04 06:25:12 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "B3", } @Article{Frisch:1966:PMP, author = "Professor O. R. {Frisch, O.B.E., F.R.S.}", title = "The particles of modern physics", journal = j-PROC-IEE, volume = "113", number = "3", pages = "529--537", month = mar, year = "1966", CODEN = "PIEEAH", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1049/piee.1966.0086", ISSN = "0020-3270 (print), 2053-7891 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0020-3270", bibdate = "Sat May 5 07:59:38 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "The Fifty-Sixth Kelvin Lecture.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers", journal-URL = "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5247218", ORF-number = "G50", } @Article{Frisch:1966:SLD, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Symmetry laws in dispute", journal = "The Listener", volume = "76", number = "??", pages = "725--725", month = "????", year = "1966", bibdate = "Sat May 05 08:15:05 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G51", } @Article{Frisch:1967:BNB, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Books: {{\booktitle{Niels Bohr, his life and work}}, edited by S. Rozental. \booktitle{Niels Bohr}, by Ruth Moore}", journal = j-SCI-AMER, volume = "216", number = "6", pages = "145--153", month = jun, year = "1967", CODEN = "SCAMAC", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0667-145", ISSN = "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8733", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciam1960.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v216/n6/pdf/scientificamerican0667-145.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Scientific American", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican", ORF-number = "R15", } @Article{Frisch:1967:DFH, author = "Otto Robert Frisch and John A. Wheeler", title = "The Discovery of Fission: How it All Began and Mechanism of Fission", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "20", number = "11", pages = "43--52", month = nov, year = "1967", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3034021", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Sun Jul 29 19:58:09 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "Reprinted in \cite[pages 272--281]{Weart:1985:HP}.", URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v20/i11/p43_s1", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", ORF-number = "G52", remark-1 = "This paper is highly recommended reading, because it provides the analysis by two of young researchers involved, of why, after the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 at Cambridge University, it took seven years for nuclear fission to be discovered by Hahn and Strassmann, and explained by Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch, both in December 1938.", remark-2 = "Frisch on page 45: ``Leo Szilard once joked that if a man suddenly does something unexpected there is usually a woman behind it, but if an atomic nucleus suddenly does something unexpected, there is probably a neutron behind it.''", remark-3 = "Frisch on page 47: ``We [Meitner and Frisch] only spent two or three days together that Christmas. Then I went back to Copenhagen and just managed to tell Bohr about the idea as he was catching his boat to the US. I remember how he struck his head after I had barely started to speak and said: `Oh, what fools we have been! We ought to have seen that before.' But he had not --- nobody had.''", remark-4 = "Frisch on page 48: ``In the first paper [in Nature] I [Frisch] used the word `fission' suggested to me by the American biologist, William A. Arnold, whom I asked what one calls the phenomenon of cell division.''", remark-5 = "Frisch on page 48: ``The liquid-drop model of the nucleus was born late; the compound-nucleus idea was conceived by Bohr only late in 1936.'' [Not so: George Gamow wrote several papers on the liquid-drop model from 1928 to 1936, and had very likely discussed them with Niels Bohr, who himself had done his first published work in 1909 on the surface tension of water.]", remark-6 = "Frisch on page 48: ``Ida Noddack, a German chemist, quite rightly pointed out that they might be lighter elements [after bombardment of uranium by neutrons]; but her comments (published in a journal not much read by chemists and hardly at all by physicists) were regarded as mere pedantry [\cite{Noddack:1934:EGE}]. She did not indicate how such light elements could be formed; her paper had probably no effect whatever on later work.''", remark-7 = "Wheeler on page 50: ``Four days after his [Bohr's] arrival [in New York City] he and Rosenfeld finished a paper summarizing this general picture of fission in terms of formation and breakup of the compound nucleus.''", remark-8 = "Wheeler on page 51: ``The first direct physical proof that fission takes place appeared in the newspapers of the twenty-ninth [of January 1939].''", remark-9 = "Wheeler on page 51: ``How could we estimate this width [of the nuclear state in the droplet model]? Happily, in earlier days, several persons in the Princeton community --- among them Henry Eyring and Eugene Wigner --- had been occupied by the theory of the rates of chemical reactions.''", } @InCollection{Frisch:1967:IFA, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "The interest is focussing on the atomic nucleus", crossref = "Rozental:1967:NBH", pages = "137--148", year = "1967", bibdate = "Tue May 29 06:21:05 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Frisch:1967:TG, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Tracks galore", journal = "Camb. Res.", volume = "2", number = "??", pages = "3--3", month = "????", year = "1967", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G54", } @Article{Frisch:1967:WP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "What is physics?", journal = "B.B.C. Publications.", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "1967", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G53", remark = "I cannot find this as a journal or a book.", } @Article{Frisch:1968:DF, author = "O. R. Frisch and J. A. Wheeler", title = "The discovery of fission", journal = j-PHYS-BULL, volume = "19", number = "1", pages = "13--20", month = jan, year = "1968", CODEN = "PHSBB4", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/19/1/003", ISSN = "0031-9112", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:47:28 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "This article is being published by arrangement with \booktitle{Physics Today}. The article first appeared in the November 1967 issue of \booktitle{Physics Today}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Bulletin", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9112", ORF-number = "G55", } @Article{Frisch:1968:LMD, author = "Otto R. Frisch", title = "{Lise Meitner} Dies; Nuclear-Physics Pioneer", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "21", number = "12", pages = "101--101", month = dec, year = "1968", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3034630", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Tue Feb 17 08:49:43 2015", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/21/12/10.1063/1.3034630", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", remark = "Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn discovered the element protoactinium in 1918. She shared the 1966 Enrico Fermi Prize with Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann.", subject-dates = "7 November 1878--27 October 1968", } @Article{Frisch:1968:OH, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "{Otto Hahn}", journal = j-PHYS-BULL, volume = "19", number = "10", pages = "354--354", month = oct, year = "1968", CODEN = "PHSBB4", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/19/10/010", ISSN = "0031-9112", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:47:28 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Bulletin", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9112", remark = "Half-page obituary remembrance.", } @Article{Frisch:1968:SWO, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Scientist who Open the Way to Atom Bomb", journal = "The Observer", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "??--??", day = "4", month = aug, year = "1968", bibdate = "Wed May 02 17:10:57 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Meitner:1968:DUN, author = "Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons. {A} New Type of Nuclear Reaction", crossref = "Leicester:1968:SBC", pages = "244--246", year = "1968", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674366701.c80", bibdate = "Thu May 24 07:46:52 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", URL = "https://www.degruyter.com/view/books/harvard.9780674366701/harvard.9780674366701.c80/harvard.9780674366701.c80.xml", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Frisch:1969:BRE, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Einstein's vision}}, by J. A. Wheeler}", journal = "Camb. Res.", volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "75--75", month = "????", year = "1969", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "R16", } @Article{Meitner:1969:DUN, author = "Lise Meitner and O. R. Frisch", title = "Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: a New Type of Nuclear Reaction (Reprinted from {{\booktitle{Nature}}, February 11, 1939})", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "224", number = "5218", pages = "466--467", day = "1", month = nov, year = "1969", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/224466a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v224/n5218/abs/224466a0.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", publishdate = "01 November 1969", } @Article{Davies:1970:SFS, author = "D. J. M. Davies and O. R. Frisch and G. S. B. Street", title = "{Sweepnik}: A fast semi-automatic track-measuring machine", journal = j-NUCL-INSTR-METH, volume = "82", pages = "54--60", year = "1970", CODEN = "NUIMAL", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(70)90325-3", ISSN = "0029-554x (print), 1878-3759 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0029-554X", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:04:03 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0029554X70903253", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0029554X", ORF-number = "58", } @Article{Frisch:1970:FNE, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The first nuclear explosion", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "47", number = "??", pages = "274--278", month = "????", year = "1970", CODEN = "NWSCAL", ISSN = "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0262-4079", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New Scientist", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079", ORF-number = "G56", } @Article{Frisch:1970:LM, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "{Lise Meitner. 1878--1968}", journal = j-BIOGRAPH-MEMOIRS-FELLOWS-ROY-SOC, volume = "16", pages = "405--420", month = nov, year = "1970", CODEN = "BMFRA3", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1970.0016", ISSN = "0080-4606 (print), 1748-8494 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0080-4606", bibdate = "Sat May 05 13:48:22 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/769597", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society", journal-URL = "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00804606.html; https://royalsocietypublishing.org/loi/rsbm", ORF-number = "O2", remark = "The author is Lise Meitner's nephew.", subject-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968)", } @InCollection{Frisch:1971:CPQ, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The conceptual problem of quantum theory from the experimentalist's point of view", crossref = "Bastin:1971:QTB", chapter = "2", pages = "13--21", year = "1971", bibdate = "Fri May 04 18:21:19 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "59a", } @InProceedings{Frisch:1972:MBC, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", editor = "????", booktitle = "Conference on Machine Perception", title = "Measuring bubble-chamber tracks", volume = "13", publisher = pub-IOP, address = pub-IOP:adr, pages = "??--??", year = "1972", bibdate = "Fri May 04 18:28:09 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "60", } @Book{Frisch:1972:NM, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The Nature of Matter", publisher = "Thames and Hudson", address = "London, UK", pages = "216", year = "1972", ISBN = "0-500-08006-2, 0-500-10006-3 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-500-08006-1, 978-0-500-10006-6 (paperback)", LCCN = "QC173 .F724", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:13 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "The World of science library", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1904--", ORF-number = "B4a", subject = "Atoms; Atomic theory; Matter; Constitution", } @Article{Frisch:1973:BRA, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel}}, by B. Hoffman. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1973. pp xv + 272}", journal = j-PHYS-BULL, volume = "24", number = "11", pages = "679--679", month = nov, year = "1973", CODEN = "PHSBB4", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/24/11/021", ISSN = "0031-9112", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:47:28 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Bulletin", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9112", } @Article{Frisch:1973:BRP, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Physics in the 20th Century}}, by V. F. Weisskopf. London: MIT Press, 1972, pp xv + 368}", journal = j-PHYS-BULL, volume = "24", number = "8", pages = "491--491", month = aug, year = "1973", CODEN = "PHSBB4", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/24/8/013", ISSN = "0031-9112", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:47:28 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Bulletin", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9112", } @Article{Frisch:1973:DNP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Distinguished Nuclear Pioneer--1973. {Lise Meitner}", journal = j-NUCL-MED, volume = "14", number = "6", pages = "365--371", day = "1", month = jun, year = "1973", CODEN = "JNMEAQ", ISSN = "0161-5505 (print), 1535-5667 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0161-5505", bibdate = "Fri May 04 10:13:34 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "Reprinted from \booktitle{The Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of The Royal Society}, Volume 16, November, 1970, pages 405--416.", URL = "http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/14/6/365.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Journal of Nuclear Medicine", journal-URL = "http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/by/year", } @Article{Frisch:1973:MBC, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Measuring bubble chamber tracks", journal = j-PHYS-BULL, volume = "24", number = "5", pages = "275--277", month = may, year = "1973", CODEN = "PHSBB4", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/24/5/011", ISSN = "0031-9112", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:47:28 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Bulletin", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9112", } @Book{Frisch:1973:NM, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The Nature of Matter", publisher = "Dutton", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "216", year = "1973", LCCN = "QC173 .F724", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:13 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "The World of science library", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1904--", ORF-number = "B4b", subject = "Atoms; Atomic theory; Matter; Constitution", } @Article{Frisch:1974:BRC, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Collected Works of Leo Szilard: Scientific Papers}}, by Bernard T. Feld and Gertrude Weiss Szilard (eds.), London: MIT Press 1973, pp. xxii + 737}", journal = j-PHYS-BULL, volume = "25", number = "1", pages = "27--27", month = jan, year = "1974", CODEN = "PHSBB4", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/25/1/038", ISSN = "0031-9112", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:47:28 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Bulletin", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9112", } @Book{Frisch:1974:DMT, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Distinguishing the main types of radioactivity. [Sound recording]", publisher = "Spring Green Multimedia", address = "Washington, DC, USA", year = "1974", LCCN = "QC795; RYB 6353", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:32 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "1 cassette tape.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1904-- [from old catalog]", ORF-number = "G57", remark = "UniConcept scientist tapes. Recorded Aug. 1968. Duration: 5 min. Same content recorded on both sides. Notes in container. SUMMARY: The author describes how the composition of alpha rays was found to be Helium nuclei, beta rays to be electrons, and gamma rays to be powerful X-rays.", subject = "Radioactivity", } @InCollection{Frisch:1974:LM, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", editor = "Charles Coulston Gillispie", booktitle = "Dictionary of scientific biography", title = "{Lise Meitner}", publisher = "Scribner", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "260--263", year = "1974", bibdate = "Sat Aug 04 17:03:07 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Multivolume set.", } @Book{Frisch:1974:ONF, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The origin of nuclear fission. [Sound recording]", publisher = "Spring Green Multimedia", address = "Washington, DC, USA", year = "1974", LCCN = "QC790; RYB 6354", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:32 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "1 cassette tape.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1904-- [from old catalog]", ORF-number = "G58", remark = "UniConcept scientist tapes. Recorded Aug. 1968. Duration: 11 min. Same content recorded on both sides. Notes in container. SUMMARY: The author discusses Fermi's early experiments in bombarding elements with neutrons to produce nuclear fission. He goes on to examine refinements of these experiments by Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner, and finally describes his own work with Meitner, his aunt, in which they succeeded in analyzing the process of nuclear fission.", subject = "Nuclear fission", } @Article{Frisch:1974:PP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Presenting physics", journal = j-PHYS-BULL, volume = "25", number = "9", pages = "392--392", month = sep, year = "1974", CODEN = "PHSBB4", ISSN = "0031-9112", ISSN-L = "0031-9112", bibdate = "Fri May 04 18:30:32 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/25/9/023; http://stacks.iop.org/0031-9112/25/i=9/a=023", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Bulletin", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9112", ORF-number = "61", remark = "This is the last scientific paper of Frisch that is recorded in the 61-member list at \cite[pages 302--304]{Peierls:1981:ORF}.", } @Article{Frisch:1974:STS, author = "Otto R. Frisch", title = "Somebody Turned the {Sun} on with a Switch", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "30", number = "4", pages = "12--18", month = apr, year = "1974", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Oct 07 08:54:14 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", journal-URL = "http://bos.sagepub.com/", ORF-number = "G59", } @Article{Frisch:1975:OSG, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Obituary: {Sir George Paget Thomson F.R.S.} (1892--1975)", journal = "The Philosophical Magazine: A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics", volume = "32", number = "6", pages = "0--0", month = dec, year = "1975", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/14786437508228091", bibdate = "Fri May 4 11:10:16 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "O3", remark = "Sir George Thomson was Chairman of the MAUD Committee that was formed after the Frisch--Peierls memorandum predicting a small critical mass for fission of uranium. Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1937 with Clinton Davisson ``for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals''. Thomson was knighted in 1943.", } @Article{Frisch:1975:SSD, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Shooting sparrows in the dark", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "65", number = "??", pages = "654--657", month = "????", year = "1975", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G61", } @Article{Frisch:1975:WS, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "A walk in the snow", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "60", number = "??", pages = "833--833", month = "????", year = "1975", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G60", } @Article{Frisch:1977:BRQ, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{From quarks to quasars}}, by E. Thomas}", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "74", number = "??", pages = "481--482", month = "????", year = "1977", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "R17", } @InProceedings{Frisch:1977:EST, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Early steps towards the chain reaction", crossref = "Aitchison:1977:RPT", pages = "18--27", year = "1977", bibdate = "Sat May 05 08:33:31 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G62", } @Article{Frisch:1977:FSA, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The first sub-atomic particle", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "76", number = "??", pages = "408--410", month = "????", year = "1977", CODEN = "NWSCAL", ISSN = "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0262-4079", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New Scientist", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079", ORF-number = "G", } @InCollection{Frisch:1977:W, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Why?", crossref = "Duncan:1977:EI", pages = "1--4", year = "1977", bibdate = "Sat May 05 09:00:33 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G64", } @Article{Frisch:1978:IT, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Impossible things", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "78", number = "??", pages = "688--689", month = "????", year = "1978", CODEN = "NWSCAL", ISSN = "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0262-4079", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:39:42 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New Scientist", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079", ORF-number = "G65", } @InCollection{Frisch:1979:EWN, author = "Otto R. Frisch", title = "Experimental Work with Nuclei: {Hamburg}, {London}, {Copenhagen}", crossref = "Stuewer:1979:NPR", pages = "65--79", year = "1979", bibdate = "Sat May 05 09:06:22 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G67", } @Article{Frisch:1979:GRH, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Great Relativist and Humanitarian --- Life and Times of {Albert Einstein} 1879--1955", journal = j-NEW-SCIENTIST, volume = "81", number = "1145", pages = "752--755", month = "????", year = "1979", CODEN = "NWSCAL", ISSN = "0262-4079 (print), 1364-8500 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0262-4079", bibdate = "Tue Jun 11 13:52:21 MDT 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New Scientist", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02624079", ORF-number = "G66", xxpages = "753--755", } @Article{Frisch:1979:O, author = "O. R. Frisch and Nevill Mott", title = "Obituary", journal = j-CONTEMP-PHYS, volume = "20", number = "6", pages = "583--583", year = "1979", CODEN = "CTPHAF", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00107517908210926", ISSN = "0010-7514 (print), 1366-5812 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0010-7514", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 20:01:40 MST 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Contemporary Physics", journal-URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20", } @Article{Frisch:1979:OLK, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "Obituary: {Lew Kowarski}", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "282", number = "5738", pages = "541--541", day = "29", month = nov, year = "1979", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/282541a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v282/n5738/abs/282541a0; http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v282/n5738/pdf/282541a0.pdf", abstract = "Lew Kowarski was the last survivor of the French team that, immediately after the discovery of uranium fission, explored the chances of a nuclear chain reaction.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", ORF-number = "O4", publishdate = "29 November 1979", remark = "Russian-born Lew Kowarski (1907--1979) was the originator of the use of heavy water (D$_2$O) as a moderator in nuclear reactors. During World War II, he moved to Canada to work on reactor design, and in 1944 built the first Canadian nuclear reactor, the first following the Fermi team's Chicago Pile-1 (operative 2 December 1942). After the war, he returned to Paris, France, building a heavy water reactor that came online in late 1948. In 1954, he moved to work at CERN, where he remained for the rest of his career. He died of kidney failure in Geneva, Switzerland on 27 July 1979.", } @Article{Frisch:1979:PAA, author = "Otto R. Frisch", title = "{Prometheus} of the atomic age", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "282", number = "5735", day = "8", month = nov, year = "1979", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/282136a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri May 4 08:51:01 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v282/n5735/pdf/282136a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", publishdate = "08 November 1979", } @Book{Frisch:1979:WLR, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "What Little {I} Remember", publisher = pub-CAMBRIDGE, address = pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr, pages = "xi + 227", year = "1979", ISBN = "0-521-22297-4", ISBN-13 = "978-0-521-22297-6", LCCN = "QC16.F75 A38", bibdate = "Sat Dec 17 16:48:16 MST 2005", bibsource = "catalogue.nla.gov.au:7090/Voyager; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam022/78018096.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam026/78018096.html", abstract = "Otto Frisch took part in some of the most momentous developments in modern physics, notably the discovery of nuclear fission (a term which he coined). His work on the first atom bomb, which he saw explode in the desert `like the light of a thousand suns', brought him into contact with figures such as Robert Oppenheimer, Edward Teller, Richard Feynman and the father of electronic computers, John von Neumann. He also encountered the physicists who had made the great discoveries of recent generations: Einstein, Rutherford and Niels Bohr. This characterful book of reminiscences sheds an engagingly personal light on the people and events behind some of the greatest scientific discoveries of this century, illustrated with a series of fascinating photographs and witty sketches by the author himself.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "B5", subject = "Frisch, Otto Robert; Physicists; Great Britain; Biography", subject-dates = "1904--1979", tableofcontents = "Vienna 1904--1927 \\ Atoms \\ Berlin 1927--1930 \\ Hamburg 1930--1933 \\ Nuclei \\ London 1933--1934 \\ Denmark 1934--1939: 1 \\ Denmark 1934--1939: 2 \\ Energy from nuclei \\ Birmingham 1939--1940 \\ Liverpool 1940--1943 \\ Los Alamos 1943--1945: 1 \\ Los Alamos 1943--1945: 2 \\ Research resumed \\ Return to England \\ Cambridge 1947--", } @InCollection{Frisch:1979:YCP, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "You can prove anything with statistics", crossref = "Duncan:1979:LTC", pages = "171--179", year = "1979", bibdate = "Sat May 05 09:38:25 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "G68", } @Book{Frisch:1981:WIM, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "{Woran ich mich erinnere : Physik und Physiker meiner Zeit}. ({German}) [{What} {I} Remember: Physics and Physicists of My Time]", publisher = "Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft", address = "Stuttgart, West Germany", pages = "276", year = "1981", DOI = "", ISBN = "3-8047-0614-2", ISBN-13 = "978-3-8047-0614-9", bibdate = "Fri May 04 06:29:30 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", remark = "German-language translation by Lucien Trueb of \cite{Frisch:1979:WLR}. With a foreword by Hans Motz.", } @InCollection{Frisch:1985:DF, author = "Otto R. Frisch and John A. Wheeler", title = "The discovery of fission", crossref = "Weart:1985:HP", pages = "272--281", year = "1985", bibdate = "Fri Jan 22 05:38:27 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "Reprint of \cite{Frisch:1967:DFH}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Enrico Fermi; Ernest Rutherford; Ernest T. S. Walton; Fritz Strassmann; Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Joliot-Curie; George Placzek; Ir{\`e}ne Joliot-Curie; John Cockcroft; Lise Meitner; L{\'e}on Rosenfeld; Niels Bohr; Otto Hahn; Otto Robert Frisch", } @InCollection{Frisch:1997:FPM, author = "O. R. Frisch and R. Peierls", title = "The {Frisch--Peierls} Memorandum of 1940", crossref = "Dalitz:1997:SSP", pages = "277--282", year = "1997", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812795779_0033", bibdate = "Tue Apr 24 21:39:36 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", URL = "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/1997sspr.book..277F", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 June 1907--19 September 1995)", } @InCollection{Frisch:2009:CPQ, author = "Otto Robert Frisch", title = "The conceptual problem of quantum theory from the experimentalist's point of view", crossref = "Bastin:2009:QTB", chapter = "2", pages = "13--21", year = "2009", bibdate = "Fri May 04 18:21:19 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "59b", } @Article{Frisch:2009:TPL, author = "O. R. Frisch", title = "Take a photon \ldots{}", journal = j-CONTEMP-PHYS, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "59--67", year = "2009", CODEN = "CTPHAF", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00107510902734706", ISSN = "0010-7514 (print), 1366-5812 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0010-7514", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 20:08:06 MST 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Contemporary Physics", journal-URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20", } @Book{Frisch:1959:BPC, editor = "O. R. Frisch and F. A. Paneth and F. Laves and P. Rosbaud", booktitle = "{Beitr{\"a}ge zur Physik und Chemie des 20. Jahrhunderts}. ({German}) [{Contributions} to the physics and chemistry of the 20th century]", title = "{Beitr{\"a}ge zur Physik und Chemie des 20. Jahrhunderts}. ({German}) [{Contributions} to the physics and chemistry of the 20th century]", publisher = pub-VIEWEG, address = pub-VIEWEG:adr, pages = "285", year = "1959", LCCN = "QC475 .B45 1959", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", ZMnumber = "0097.39401", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", ORF-number = "E3", remark = "German-language edition of \cite{Frisch:1959:TAP}.", subject = "Nuclear physics; Meitner, Lise; Hahn, Otto; Laue, Max von", subject-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968); Otto Hahn (8 March 1879--28 July 1968); Max von Laue (9 October 1879--24 April 1960)", } @InCollection{Frisch:2004:MPR, author = "Otto R. Frisch and Rudolf Peierls", title = "Memorandum on the Properties of a Radioactive Super-bomb", crossref = "Kelly:2004:RMP", pages = "177--180", year = "2004", bibdate = "Mon Jun 11 16:30:46 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Part 2 (of 2): Publications about Otto Robert Frisch or his works @InCollection{Bethe:1933:TFG, author = "Hans A. Bethe", editor = "P. J. W. Debye", booktitle = "Magnetismus", title = "{Theorie des Ferromagnetismus}. ({German}) [{Theory} of Ferromagnetism]", publisher = "Hirzel", address = "Leipzig, Germany", bookpages = "vii + 110", pages = "74--81", year = "1933", bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 09:38:22 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", ZMnumber = "0007.19003", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Hans Albrecht Bethe (1906--2005)", language = "German", remark = "Contributions by P. Kapitza, W. Gerlach, W. J. de Haas, O. Stern, R. Frisch, H. Sack, H. A. Kramers, H. Bethe, R. Becker, and R. Gans.", subjects = "quantum theory; Leipziger Vortr{\"a}ge", } @Article{Noddack:1934:EGE, author = "Ida Noddack", title = "{{\"U}ber das Element 93}. ({German}) [{On} element 93 [neptunium]]", journal = j-Z-ANGE-CHEM, volume = "47", number = "37", pages = "653--655", day = "15", month = sep, year = "1934", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19340473707", ISSN = "0932-2132", bibdate = "Thu Jun 28 18:31:43 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "According to Frisch \cite[page 48]{Frisch:1967:DFH}, ``Ida Noddack, a German chemist, quite rightly pointed out that they might be lighter elements [after bombardment of uranium by neutrons]; but her comments (published in a journal not much read by chemists and hardly at all by physicists) were regarded as mere pedantry. She did not indicate how such light elements could be formed; her paper had probably no effect whatever on later work.''. English translation in \cite[pages 16--20]{Graetzer:1971:DNF}.", URL = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunium; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ange.19340473707/abstract; http://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Noddack-1934.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Chemie}", journal-URL = "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3757", language = "German", remark = "This journal is hard to find in library catalogs: it is missing from both the Library of Congress and the Harvard University Hollis catalogs, and is not in the Chemical Abstracts CODEN database, despite being the (German) ``Journal for Applied Chemistry''. The \url{chemteam.info} Web site URL points to an English translation by H. G. Graetzer.", } @Article{Anonymous:1939:VEF, author = "Anonymous", title = "Vast Energy Freed by Uranium Atom: Split, It Produces 2 `Cannonballs', Each of 100,000,000 Electron Volts: Hailed as Epoch Making; New Process, Announced at {Columbia}, Uses only 1--30 Volt to Liberate Big Force", journal = j-NY-TIMES, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "18--18", day = "31", month = jan, year = "1939", CODEN = "NYTIAO", ISSN = "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095", ISSN-L = "0362-4331", bibdate = "Fri Jul 12 10:07:25 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/102759255/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New York Times", journal-URL = "http://www.nytimes.com/", keywords = "Enrico Fermi; Fritz Strassmann; Lise Meitner; L{\'e}on Rosenfeld; Niels Bohr; Otto Hahn; Otto R. Frisch", remark = "This appears to be the second mention of uranium fission in the New York Times (see \cite{Anonymous:1939:AEF} for the first), discovered by Hahn and Strassmann in Berlin in mid-December 1938, explained by Lise Meitner and Otto R. Frisch on 24 December 1938 and in two letters to \booktitle{Nature} submitted on 16 January 1939, and announced to the American physics community in a visit to the USA that month by Niels Bohr and L{\'e}on Rosenfeld. The story reports that the Hahn--Strassmann fission experiment was successfully reproduced at Columbia University on Wednesday, 25 January 1939 by a team consisting of Enrico Fermi, John Dunning, G. Norris Glasoe, Eugene T. Booth, Herbert L. Anderson, and Francis G. Slack, and on Friday 27 January 1939 by unnamed physicists at the Carnegie Institution in Washington, DC.", } @Article{Bhabha:1939:FLI, author = "H. J. Bhabha", title = "The Fundamental Length Introduced by the Theory of the Mesotron (Meson)", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "143", number = "3616", pages = "276--277", day = "18", month = feb, year = "1939", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/143276b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Thu Jun 28 13:13:24 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "This paper immediately follows \cite{Frisch:1939:PED}, and proposes replacement of the name `mesotron' used by Fermi \cite{Fermi:1947:DNM} with the shorter `meson', the form that is now conventional.", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v143/n3616/pdf/143276b0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", } @Article{Bohr:1939:DHN, author = "Niels Bohr", title = "Disintegration of Heavy Nuclei", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "143", number = "3617", pages = "330--330", day = "25", month = feb, year = "1939", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/143330a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Fri Apr 29 13:33:22 2011", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Bohr-Fission-1939.html; http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v143/n3617/pdf/143330a0.pdf", ZMnumber = "Zbl 0021.09005", abstract = "In this historic letter to the editor of Nature, Bohr confirms the experimental results of Hahn, Strassmann, and Frisch indicating that uranium underwent fission with the release of enormous energy. He uses a charged liquid drop model developed several years earlier to explain the fission of the uranium nucleus into two parts of approximately equal masses.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", } @Article{Hahn:1939:NVB, author = "Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann", title = "{{\"U}ber den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle}. ({German}) [{Concerning} the existence of alkaline earth metals resulting from the neutron irradiation of uranium]", journal = j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, volume = "27", number = "1", pages = "11--15", month = jan, year = "1939", CODEN = "NATWAY", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01488241", ISSN = "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-1042", bibdate = "Sat Oct 28 16:03:01 2006", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "A facsimile is also available in \cite[pages 87--91]{Beyer:1949:FNP} and in \cite{Graetzer:1964:DNF}. Abridged English translation in \cite[pages 44--47]{Graetzer:1971:DNF}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "8 March 1879--28 July 1968 (Hahn), 22 February 1902--22 April 1980 (Strassmann)", fjournal = "Naturwissenschaften", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/114", language = "German", received = "22 December 1938", remark-1 = "This is one of the most important scientific papers of the 20th Century. It is the fundamental paper that describes the first experimental evidence of nuclear fission, and was accompanied by a second paper \cite{Hahn:1939:NEA} received on the same day, but published a month (five issues) later. Hahn's long-time collaborator, Lise Meitner (who had escaped Nazi Germany in July 1938, first to The Netherlands, then to Sweden) and her nephew, Otto Frisch, made a critical analysis of the experimental results on 24 December 1938. Word from Frisch soon reached Niels Bohr in Copenhagen, who then carried the news in a visit to the eastern United States in early January 1939, and announced the Meitner--Frisch explanation on 26 January at a conference in theoretical physics at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. By the end of that month, American physicists were widely aware of the discovery, and Robert Oppenheimer at the University of California, Berkeley, had already roughly sketched how to build a fission bomb. Prior to this work, all previous experiments found that neutron bombardment increased the atomic weight by just one or two, leaving the charge, and the chemical nature, of the atom unchanged. The new experiments described in this paper found products that chemically resembled lighter atoms, but were conservatively called variants of the heavier radium, actinium, and thorium (elements 88, 89, and 90). The third last paragraph of the article is particularly significant: the authors wrote ``As chemists we really ought to revise the decay scheme given above and insert the symbols Ba, La, Ce [barium, lanthanum, and cerium: elements 56, 57, and 58] in place of Ra, Ac, Th. However as ``nuclear chemists,'' working very close to the field of physics, we cannot bring ourselves yet to take such a drastic step which goes against all previous experience in nuclear physics. There could perhaps be a series of unusual coincidences which has given us false information.'' Einstein later remarked \cite{Einstein:1950:MLYa} about the Hahn and Strassmann discovery ``this was not something I could have predicted.'' In 1945, Otto Hahn received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1944 for the discovery of fission; see \path=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1944/=, and biographies at \path=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn= and \path=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Strassmann=. He was unable to attend the Nobel ceremonies, because he was a prisoner at Farm Hall outside Cambridge, England \cite{Bernstein:1996:HUC}. The subsequent view of many scientists is that Strassmann and Meitner should have shared the Nobel Prize.", remark-2 = "From \cite[page 64]{Sime:2012:PFO}: ``Hahn and Strassmann's barium publication appeared in Germany in Naturwissenschaften on January 5, 1939, but even before that Frisch told Niels Bohr, who was about to sail from Copenhagen to New York, from where the news spread to Princeton, Columbia, and a meeting of theoretical physicists in Washington, DC. By the end of January The New York Times was headlining a ``New Physics Phenomenon Credited to Hahn,'' with an emphasis on `atom explosions,' `vast energy,' and `gigantic atomic cannonballs'.''", } @Article{Kaempffert:1939:WSW, author = "Waldemar Kaempffert", title = "This Week in Science: When Uranium Splits: Doubtful Source of Power; Cancer and X-Rays; Neutron Possibilities", journal = j-NY-TIMES, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "D9--D9", day = "5", month = mar, year = "1939", CODEN = "NYTIAO", ISSN = "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095", ISSN-L = "0362-4331", bibdate = "Fri Jul 12 10:50:59 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/102937542", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New York Times", journal-URL = "http://www.nytimes.com/", keywords = "Enrico Fermi; H. G. Wells; Lise Meitner; Merle Tuve; Niels Bohr; Otto R. Frisch", remark = "This story discusses the H. G. Wells book on nuclear war \cite{Wells:1914:WSF}, a nuclear chain reaction, the difficulty of controlling it, estimates of the critical mass of uranium of about 100 kg, and the extreme danger of its radiation. The story says ``There is no prospect that anybody will collect 200 pounds of pure radioactive material. And in impure material the `inert' atoms would retard the chain reaction --- stop it entirely.''.", } @Article{Perrin:1939:CRC, author = "Francis Perrin", title = "Calcul relatif aux conditions {\'e}ventuelles de transmutation en cha{\^\i}ne de l'uranium. ({French}) [{Calculation} of possible conditions on the uranium chain transmutation]", journal = j-C-R-ACAD-SCI-PARIS, volume = "208", number = "18", pages = "1394--1396", day = "1", month = may, year = "1939", bibdate = "Sat Feb 27 17:21:10 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6238836c/f26.image.r=perrin%20calcul%20relative%20aux%20conditions#", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Comptes rendus de l'Acad{\'e}mie des sciences, Paris", language = "French", remark = "This is one of the earliest papers to attempt to calculate the critical mass: the answer obtained was 12 metric tons, about 1000 times larger than the correct value of about 56 kg (a sphere only 17.32cm in diameter). See the later more accurate value (although a small underestimate) in \cite{Peierls:1939:CCN}.", } @Article{Kaempffert:1945:SSB, author = "Waldemar Kaempffert", title = "Story of Scientists' `Battle' for Atom Bomb Secret Revealed in {Smyth Report}", journal = j-NY-TIMES, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "8--8", day = "16", month = aug, year = "1945", CODEN = "NYTIAO", ISSN = "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095", ISSN-L = "0362-4331", bibdate = "Tue Aug 08 10:28:47 2017", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/107074385/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New York Times", journal-URL = "http://www.nytimes.com/", keywords = "Albert Einstein; Arthur H. Compton; Clinton Engineering Works (Oak Ridge, TN); Enrico Fermi; Franklin Delano Roosevelt; Fritz Strassmann; George B. Pegram; Harold Urey; Henry DeWolf Smyth; J. B. Dunning; Lise Meitner; Niels Bohr; Otto Hahn; Otto Robert Frisch; Sir James Chadwick", } @Article{Cockcroft:1946:RLW, author = "J. D. Cockcroft", title = "{Rutherford}: Life and work after the year 1919, with personal reminiscences of the {Cambridge} period", journal = j-PROC-PHYS-SOC, volume = "58", number = "6", pages = "625--633", month = nov, year = "1946", CODEN = "PPSOAU", ISSN = "0959-5309 (print), 2051-2171 (electronic)", bibdate = "Thu Mar 10 11:41:03 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib", URL = "http://stacks.iop.org/0959-5309/58/i=6/a=301", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Proceedings of the Physical Society, London", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0370-1328", remark-01 = "From page 625: ``\ldots{} we blew and built with our own hands a fine Macleod gauge --- and were horrified by destroying it in the classical manner just as Rutherford walked in at the door. He was sympathetic, but explained that he did not keep students who had too many accidents. This dislike of sins against apparatus was one of Rutherford's well marked characteristics.''", remark-02 = "From page 627: ``During this period Blackett embarked on his courageous attempt to get a Wilson chamber photograph of the nitrogen disintegration. He took photographs of hundreds of thousands of tracks and was eventually rewarded (figure 6) by seeing the tracks of disintegration protons. The photograph shows a long proton track shooting downwards. An alpha particle has entered a nitrogen nucleus, ejecting a proton and leaving oxygen behind, producing the transmutations N-14 + He-4 to O-17 + H-1. This was the first direct proof that the alpha particle is captured in the transmutation.''", remark-03 = "From pages 627--628: ``They [Ernest Rutherford and Ernest Marsden] were able to show that near heavy nuclei, such as gold, the inverse square law held up to the limits of penetration of the fastest alpha particles available. But with the lighter elements they found very marked deviations. These experiments presented Rutherford with the paradox that the potential barrier round the heavy nuclei must rise well beyond 10 million volts, whereas alpha particles come out of these nuclei at energies between 4 and 8 million volts. The alpha particles do not therefore escape with the full energy of the potential field. The solution to this problem was provided by a visitor to the laboratory; a young and imaginative theoretical physicist from Leningrad, Dr. Gamow saw that the solution was provided by the new wave mechanics which was then being developed by Schr{\"o}dinger and others. On the new ideas it was evident that the alpha particles could leak through the potential barriers of the nuclei, and so need not have the full energy of the field. In this way, nuclear physicists were given a new and most fruitful model to guide their researches.''", remark-04 = "From page 629: ``About the same time I started to build the first high-voltage apparatus for the acceleration of protons. I was led to do this by the predictions of Gamow's theory that protons of a few hundred kilovolts should penetrate the barriers of light nuclei. These predictions were submitted to Rutherford and he encouraged me to go ahead.''", remark-05 = "From page 629: ``Very swiftly, Dee and Feather were set to work with their expansion chambers to look for the tracks of the projected particles. Dee found the tracks of proton and other recoils and Feather discovered the transmutation of nitrogen by neutrons, the first of the transmutations by this new particle.''", remark-06 = "From page 630: ``About the same time in 1933 Rutherford received from G. N. Lewis the first sample of heavy hydrogen to reach Europe. Within a few days the sample was converted into deuterium gas, which Rutherford guarded with the most jealous care. He turned at once with Oliphant to do experiments with deuterons and soon discovered the transmutation of deuterium by deuterons. They found that two reactions occurred, D + D = H-1 + H-3 or He-3 + n, leading to the new elements H-3 and He-3.''", remark-07 = "From page 630: ``During 1932 we had a visit from Millikan, who brought with him some very remarkable cosmic-ray photographs taken by Anderson which gave the first indications of positive electrons. Immediately after that, Blackett and Occhialini turned on their Wilson chamber to the search. Introducing the principle of counter control, they very soon obtained some remarkable photographs, showing pairs of positive and negative electrons, and in some cases showers of particles.''", remark-08 = "From page 630: ``The discovery of artificial radioactivity was missed in the laboratory, largely because we did not in general work with Geiger counters, and were looking for particles either with scintillation screens or with counters which would not respond to beta rays. When Curie-Joliot announced the discovery of the production of artificial radioactivity of alpha particle bombardment, Walton and I were able to borrow a Geiger counter equipment from Bainbridge and to show that protons could produce artificial radioactivity in carbon.''", remark-09 = "From page 632: ``One of the things that Rutherford never forgave was the publication of wrong results. He believed in the notice written in the entrance to McGill Physics Laboratory --- `Prove all things'.''", remark-10 = "From page 633: ``Although Rutherford died in 1937, his influence was a major factor in the scientific supremacy of Britain in the war. The Senior Staff and research students of the laboratory, together with members of other physics schools, were mobilized in the first days of the war and developed for Britain and the allied cause the centimetric radar which turned the tide of the U-boat battle, directed the bombing of Germany and helped decisively to sink the Japanese fleet. The Liverpool branch of the Rutherford School, with Frisch and Peierls from Birmingham, initiated the work on the atomic bomb which ended the war with Japan.''", } @Article{Brown:1947:BEA, author = "H. Brown", title = "Books: Explaining Atoms to the People: {{\booktitle{The Atomic Story}}, by John W. Campbell}; {{\booktitle{Meet the Atoms}}, by O. R. Frisch}; {{\booktitle{Explaining the Atom}} by Selig Hecht}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "3", number = "6", pages = "163, 166", month = jun, year = "1947", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Sun Sep 22 17:53:16 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", journal-URL = "http://bos.sagepub.com/", } @Article{Fermi:1947:DNM, author = "Enrico Fermi and Edward Teller and Victor F. Weisskopf", title = "The Decay of Negative Mesotrons in Matter", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "71", number = "5", pages = "314--315", day = "1", month = mar, year = "1947", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.71.314", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Sat Jun 16 15:06:18 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib", URL = "http://inspirehep.net/record/45186; http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v71/i5/p314_1", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Edward Teller (1908--2003)", BC-number = "73", CP-number = "232", fjournal = "Physical Review", journal-URL = "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR", LSnumber = "71", remark = "According to \cite[page 174]{Segre:1970:EFPb}, this is a significant paper that addressed an experimental paradox in cosmic-ray mesotrons (now called muons, or mu-mesons), and ultimately led to the discovery of the pi meson (or pion), and the finding that the pion decays into a muon.", } @Article{Gamow:1947:RTM, author = "George Gamow and Paul R. Heyl and James J. Jelinek", title = "Review: They Move in the Void:: {{\booktitle{Meet the Atoms}} by O. R. Frisch}, {{\booktitle{The Atomic Story}} by John W. Campbell}, {{\booktitle{Explaining the Atom}} by Selig Hecht}", journal = j-SCI-MONTHLY, volume = "65", number = "2", pages = "165--167", month = aug, year = "1947", CODEN = "SCMOAA", ISSN = "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)", bibdate = "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/19016.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)", fjournal = "The Scientific Monthly", journal-URL = "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont", } @Article{Kaempffert:1948:RRB, author = "Waldemar Kaempffert", title = "The Revolution That Radium Began: Fifty years after the {Curies}' great discovery, nuclear physics is still a realm unbounded", journal = j-NY-TIMES, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "SM13, SM25, SM27", day = "26", month = dec, year = "1948", CODEN = "NYTIAO", ISSN = "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095", ISSN-L = "0362-4331", bibdate = "Tue Aug 08 09:48:13 2017", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/debroglie-louis.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "https://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/108348269/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New York Times", journal-URL = "http://www.nytimes.com/", keywords = "Albert Einstein; C. F. Powell; C. M. G. Lattes; E. C. Stevenson; Enrico Fermi; Ernest Rutherford; Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger; Fritz Strassmann; G. P. S. Occhialini; H. Becker; Henri Becquerel; Hideki Yukawa; J. J. Thomson; J. S. Street; James Chadwick; Lise Meitner; Louis de Broglie; Marie Sk{\l}odowska Curie; Max Born; Max Planck; Michael Faraday; Niels Bohr; Otto Robert Frisch; Paul A. M. Dirac; Pierre Curie; Pierre Villard (discoverer of gamma rays); Sir William Crookes; Walther O. Bothe; Werner Heisenberg; Wilhelm K. Roentgen; Wolfgang Pauli", remark = "From page SM35: ``So Wolfgang Pauli and Enrico Fermi independently invented the neutrino which has never been seen and which, probably, never will be seen \ldots{} [the neutrino was found experimentally by Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines in 1953 [see entries Reines:1953:DFN and Reines:1996:NPP], and Reines received half of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for that work.]", } @Article{Laurence:1951:DHR, author = "William L. Laurence", title = "Day of {Hiroshima} Recalls Atom Race: Two Leaders in Atomic Work at {Columbia University}", journal = j-NY-TIMES, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "3--3", day = "6", month = aug, year = "1951", CODEN = "NYTIAO", ISSN = "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095", ISSN-L = "0362-4331", bibdate = "Sat May 16 14:57:48 2015", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/112188459/fulltextPDF", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New York Times", journal-URL = "http://www.nytimes.com/", keywords = "Enrico Fermi; Niels Bohr", remark = "From the story: ```For us at Columbia,' he [George B. Pegram] said, speaking in his customary deliberate manner, ``it all began with the visit of Niels Bohr to this country in 1939. Professor Bohr arrived in this country on Jan. 16, 1939, to discuss certain problems with his friend, Prof. Albert Einstein in Princeton. On his arrival he found a cablegram from his laboratory in Copenhagen announcing that two German scientists, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann, had obtained barium, a middle-weight element, out of uranium, the heaviest element on the periodic table. \ldots{} More important still, he was informed in the cable that Lise Meitner and her nephew, Otto R. Frisch, both exiles from Germany, had carried out experiments in his (Bohr's) laboratory revealing that the barium came as the result of `Splitting the uranium atom into nearly equal halves, with the release of energy 20,000,000 times as great as the energy released from an equal amount of TNT.''", } @Article{Feshbach:1954:BRP, author = "Herman Feshbach", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Progress in Nuclear Physics}}, by Otto R. Frisch}", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "120", number = "3113", pages = "341--341", day = "27", month = aug, year = "1954", CODEN = "SCIEAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1683014", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Thu May 3 19:15:39 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1683014", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Science", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/", } @Article{Marsden:1954:RML, author = "E. Marsden", title = "The {Rutherford Memorial Lecture}, 1954. {Rutherford} --- His Life and Work, 1871--1937", journal = j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND-SER-A-MATH-PHYS-ENG-SCI, volume = "226", number = "1166", pages = "283--305", year = "1954", CODEN = "PRLAAZ", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1954.0254", ISSN = "0080-4630 (print), 2053-9169 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0080-4630", bibdate = "Sat Mar 12 09:10:48 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib", note = "Lecture delivered in South Africa in May 1954.", URL = "http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/226/1166/283", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, eprint = "http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/226/1166/283.full.pdf", fjournal = "Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences", journal-URL = "http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/", received = "24 June 1954", remark-01 = "From page 283: ``\ldots{} the Royal Society which controls a fund of \pounds 100\,000 collected in the Commonwealth and dedicated to the memory of Lord Rutherford. This fund provides for post-graduate training and research of selected young men and women but its Committee is also charged with the duty of arranging for the delivery of annual lectures in the Commonwealth countries in turn and dealing with some aspect of Rutherford's life or developments of the scientific work he inaugurated.''", remark-02 = "From page 286: ``Mrs Rutherford had at that time a governess to assist with the younger children and the latter has recorded `Ernest never needed to study; having read a school book once he knew it.'\,''", remark-03 = "From page 289: ``The [1851 Exhibition] scholarship was of value of \pounds 150 per annum but there was no allowance for travel to Britain, so Rutherford had perforce to borrow, from his father and eldest brother, and this necessitated careful living for the first years of his career in England.''", remark-04 = "From page 290: ``\ldots{} Henri Becquerel in France, considering that the X-rays were somehow connected with the fluorescence, was led to try to obtain X-radiation from the various phosphorescent and fluorescent materials of which he had a good collection from his father and he discovered that uranium and its salts emitted a continuous radiation (February 1896) which was however later found to be independent of its state of fluorescence. Madame Curie discovered in 1898 that thorium showed similar properties and she coined the word 'radioactivity'.''", remark-05 = "From page 290: ``Pitchblende-which is a uranium mineral-was weight for weight decidedly more powerful [than uranium compounds]. This led the Curies ultimately to the discovery of radium and of polonium by chemical separation from the pitchblende.''", remark-06 = "From page 290: ``Following Becquerel's announcement he [Rutherford] tried uranium and found that its radiations were able to produce ions in a gas with similar properties to those produced by X-rays. This was probably for him the most important event in his career for it directed his work towards radioactivity, which subject was to occupy him for the rest of his life. His next result was the discovery that uranium emitted two kinds of radiation, one very easily absorbed and with limited range which he called $\alpha$ and one fully a thousand times more penetrating which he named $\beta$.''", remark-07 = "From page 291: ``The post [at McGill University] was known as the Macdonald Professorship, having been endowed by [Canadian tobacco magnate] Macdonald along with excellent laboratory buildings. The salary was \pounds 500 per annum which Macdonald thought sufficient as he himself, although a millionaire, lived on \pounds 250 per annum. Rutherford was successful in obtaining the position thanks to a strong recommendation from Thomson and he sailed for Canada in September 1898, \ldots{}''", remark-08 = "From page 291: ``\ldots{} a slight draught of air caused by the opening and shutting of the door of the room often altered markedly the movement of the electrometer needle. It was found that the conductivity persisted when the thoria was covered with a few sheets of filter paper. By passing a steady current of air over the thoria the activity was much reduced. In these respects thorium compounds were very different from uranium from which the radiation was constant.''", remark-09 = "From pages 301--302: ``Thus by the bombardment with neutrons uranium had been split up into two nuclei of moderate weight, the one barium and the other was soon discovered --- krypton. Their nuclear charges 56 and 36 respectively add up to 92, that of uranium. Lise Meitner and [Otto Robert] Frisch in [Niels] Bohr's laboratory in Denmark, as refugees from Nazi Germany, were the first to give the explanation, i.e. that fission of the nucleus had taken place into two major fragments and it was deduced from Einstein's equation that tremendous energy was liberated. The mass of the highest known isotopes of barium and krypton add up to 224 while the uranium-235 which had undergone fission after absorbing a neutron had the mass number 226. Apart from the possible loss of mass by radiation from the fragments before barium and krypton appeared, there seemed a possibility that several neutrons were emitted directly in the fission explosion. The actual experimental proof of this was given first by Joliot-Curie and his co-workers in France and independently by workers in the United States to whom Bohr, as a visiting lecturer, had given the news of the antecedent developments by Meitner and Frisch. Theoretically this opened up the realization of a chain reaction, i.e. a reaction in a bulk of uranium continued by new neutrons from fresh fissions and with this a practical technical utilization of the energy set free in fission, each pound of fissile material uranium-235 producing as much heat energy as 1000 tons of good coal.''", remark-10 = "From page 304: ``At his [Rutherford's] laboratory in Manchester for example he had working with him men and women from Japan, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Holland, Russia, Poland, Austria, Italy, U.S.A. and practically all the Commonwealth countries while his correspondence shows that he was in active correspondence with scientific leaders from all these and other countries.''", } @Article{Hahn:1958:DF, author = "Otto Hahn", title = "The Discovery of Fission", journal = j-SCI-AMER, volume = "198", number = "??", pages = "76--84", month = feb, year = "1958", CODEN = "SCAMAC", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0258-76", ISSN = "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8733", bibdate = "Sat Jun 23 17:26:23 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.crownedanarchist.com/emc2/discovery_of_fission.doc; http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v198/n2/pdf/scientificamerican0258-76.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Scientific American", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican", remark = "The statement in the third quote is highly, and bitterly, controversial: see \cite{Sime:1989:LMD,Bernstein:1996:HUC,Bethe:2000:GUP,Sime:2000:STE,Sime:2010:IHN,Sime:2012:PFO}.", remark-1 = "From the text: ``Ramsay urged me to give up organic chemistry and devote myself to the study of radium. Accordingly, with a view to learning more about the field, in the fall of 1905 I went to Montreal to study with the then already famous Professor Ernest Rutherford.''", remark-2 = "From the text: ``Ida Noddack did suggest, to be sure, that we could not be certain they were transuranic elements unless we excluded all the other elements of the periodic table as possibilities, but this thought was considered to be wholly incompatible with the laws of atomic physics. To split heavy atomic nuclei into lighter ones was then considered impossible. Thus our experiments appeared to establish the correctness of Fermi's assertion that he had detected `transuranic elements.' Actually, as we were to learn later, all of the radioactive substances detected in these early experiments were fission products, not transuranic elements.'' For Noddack's work and comments about it, see \cite{Noddack:1934:EGE,Frisch:1967:DFH}", remark-3 = "From the text: ``Strassmann and I did not concern ourselves with the harnessing of the energy of fission. During the war we continued, together with two or three co-workers, to investigate the complex fission processes and to publish our findings. By the beginning of 1945 we had made up a table containing approximately 100 fission products and their transformations. But the science of fission was then a classified subject in the U. S., and our results were not published there until November, 1946.''", } @Article{Lipson:1959:BRB, author = "H. Lipson", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Beitr{\"a}ge Sur Physik Und Chemie Des 20 Jahrhunderts}}, by O. R. Frisch, F. A. Paneth, F. Laves and P. Rosbaud Braunschweig: Friedr. Vieweg \& Sohn. Pp. 285}", journal = j-PHYS-BULL, volume = "10", number = "12", pages = "313--313", year = "1959", CODEN = "PHSBB4", ISSN = "0031-9112", bibdate = "Fri May 4 19:23:01 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://stacks.iop.org/0031-9112/10/i=12/a=016", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Bulletin", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9112", } @Article{Kockel:1960:BHW, author = "B. Kockel and W. H. Estphal and F. Dessauer and K. Strubecker and H. Siedentopf and F. Borgnis and H. Falkenhagen and W. Finkelnburg and R. Vieweg", title = "{B{\"u}cher: Heisenberg: Wandlungen in den Grundlagen der Naturwissenschaft\slash Heisenberg: Physik und Philosophie\slash Frisch: Beitr{\"a}ge zur Physik und Chemie des 20. Jahrhunderts\slash Bellman: Introduction to Matrix Analysis\slash Mehlin: Astronomy\slash Born und Wolf: Principles of Optics\slash Mandl: Introduction to Quantum Field Theory\slash Marley, Morgan: Health Physics\slash Churchman: Measurement Definitions and Theories}", journal = j-PHYS-BL, volume = "16", number = "6", pages = "344--347", month = jun, year = "1960", CODEN = "PHBLAG", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19600160610", ISSN = "0031-9279 (print), 1521-3722 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9279", bibdate = "Mon Mar 2 06:28:31 2015", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib", URL = "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/phbl.19600160610/abstract", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Physikalische Bl{\"a}tter}", journal-URL = "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3722", language = "German", } @Article{Lindsay:1960:BRT, author = "R. Bruce Lindsay", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Trends in Atomic Physics: essays dedicated to Lise Meitner, Otto Hahn, Max von Laue on the occasion of their 80th birthday}}. Edited by O. R. Frisch, F. A. Paneth, F. Laves, P. Rosbaud. 285 pp. (Vieweg \& Sohn, Germany) Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1959. \$7.50}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "13", number = "9", pages = "45--45", month = sep, year = "1960", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3057115", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Tue Feb 17 09:06:54 2015", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/13/9/10.1063/1.3057115", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", } @Article{Bludman:1961:BBN, author = "S. A. Bludman and A. Garren and A. H. Rosenfeld", title = "Books: {{\booktitle{The Nation's Safety and Arms Control}}, by Arthur T. Hadley; \booktitle{Arms Reduction: Program and Issues}, edited by David H. Frisch; \booktitle{Strategy and Arms Control}, by Thomas C. Schelling and Morton H. Halperin}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "17", number = "9", pages = "380--381", month = nov, year = "1961", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Sat Sep 28 17:50:39 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", journal-URL = "http://bos.sagepub.com/", } @Article{Hall:1961:BRA, author = "A. Rupert Hall", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Atomic Physics Today}}, by Otto R. Frisch}", journal = j-SCI-AMER, volume = "205", number = "6", pages = "185", month = dec, year = "1961", CODEN = "SCAMAC", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1261-177; https://doi.org/10.2307/24937176", ISSN = "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8733", bibdate = "Thu May 3 19:15:39 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sciam1960.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/24937176; http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v205/n6/pdf/scientificamerican1261-177.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Scientific American", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican", } @Article{Smith:1961:RMP, author = "Malcolm K. Smith", title = "Review: Modern Physics for Laymen: {{\booktitle{The Atom and Its Nucleus}} by George Gamow}; {{\booktitle{Atomic Physics Today}} by Otto R. Frisch}", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "134", number = "3474", pages = "276--276", day = "28", month = jul, year = "1961", CODEN = "SCIEAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1708183", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1708183.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Science", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/", } @Article{Meitner:1962:RWR, author = "Lise Meitner", title = "Right and Wrong Roads to the Discovery of Nuclear Energy", journal = j-IAEA-BULL, volume = "4", number = "0", pages = "4--6", month = "????", year = "1962", CODEN = "IAEBAB", ISSN = "0020-6067 (print), 1564-2690 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0020-6067", bibdate = "Mon Jun 25 07:13:41 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Magazines/Bulletin/Bull040su/04004790608su.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968)", fjournal = "{International Atomic Energy Agency} Bulletin", remark = "Meitner recalls the events that led her and her nephew, Otto Robert Frisch, to find an explanation in December 1939 for the nuclear disintegration reported earlier that month by Hahn and Strassmann \cite{Hahn:1939:NVB}. She reports ``On 16 January 1939 we sent two letters to Nature, containing our explanation of the fission process and Frisch's experimental proof of the great energy of the lighter atoms formed hereby. As we did not ask for rapid publication, these only appeared on 11 and 18 February respectively.'' There is a slight error there: the second date is 18 March 1939, not February: the two papers are \cite{Meitner:1939:DUN,Meitner:1939:PFUb}, with a third \cite{Meitner:1939:NPF} appearing a month later.", } @InCollection{Garrett:1963:DFP, author = "Alfred Benjamin Garrett", title = "The Discovery of the Fission Process: {Lise Meitner} and {O. R. Frisch}", crossref = "Garrett:1963:FG", pages = "227--232", year = "1963", bibdate = "Thu Sep 06 12:15:00 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Kuhn:1963:IOF, author = "Thomas S. Kuhn", title = "Interview of {Otto Frisch}", howpublished = "AIP Web site.", day = "8", month = may, year = "1963", bibdate = "Tue Jul 31 18:27:31 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4615", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Olsen:1963:TGS, author = "Arthur J. Olsen", title = "Trackdown of the {German} Scientist: {Nazism} and defeat scattered the leaders of a once-great scientific establishment. {Herewith} a review of where they went and what some of them did when they got there", journal = j-NY-TIMES, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "214--214", day = "22", month = sep, year = "1963", CODEN = "NYTIAO", ISSN = "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095", ISSN-L = "0362-4331", bibdate = "Tue Oct 20 14:05:22 2015", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/116463805/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New York Times", journal-URL = "http://www.nytimes.com/", keywords = "Werner Heisenberg; Werner von Braun; Samuel A. Goudsmit; Otto Hahn; Lise Meitner; Manhattan Project; Enrico Fermi; Leo Szilard; Otto Stern; Los Alamos; Robert Frisch; Ernst Oskar M{\"u}ller; Wolfgang N{\"o}ggerath; Walter Dornberger; Peter Lertes; Gustav Hertz; Manfred von Ardenne; Klaus Fuchs; Ferdinand Brandner; Eugene Saenger; Kurt Sitte", } @Article{Anonymous:1964:BRL, author = "Anonymous", title = "Books Received: [\ldots{} {{\booktitle{Progress in Nuclear Physics}}, Volume 9, edited by O. R. Frisch} \ldots]", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "17", number = "8", pages = "54--57", month = aug, year = "1964", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3051753", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", } @Article{Butler:1964:BRP, author = "C. C. Butler", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Progress in Nuclear Physics}}, volume 9, by O. R. Frisch. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd. 1963. Pp. v + 310}", journal = j-PHYS-BULL, volume = "15", number = "6", pages = "160--161", month = jun, year = "1964", CODEN = "PHSBB4", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/15/6/007", ISSN = "0031-9112", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:47:28 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Bulletin", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9112", } @Article{Firk:1964:BRP, author = "F. W. K. Firk", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Progress in Nuclear Physics}}, Volume 9, edited by O. R. Frisch}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "17", number = "11", pages = "69--70", month = nov, year = "1964", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3051233", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", } @Article{Graetzer:1964:DNF, author = "Hans G. Graetzer", title = "Discovery of Nuclear Fission", journal = j-AMER-J-PHYSICS, volume = "32", number = "9", pages = "9--15", month = jan, year = "1964", CODEN = "AJPIAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1970127", ISSN = "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0002-9505", bibdate = "Sat Oct 28 15:58:04 2006", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib", note = "See \cite{Hahn:1939:NVB,Beyer:1949:FNP}.", abstract = "A complete translation of the original German article by Hahn and Strassmann on the radio-chemical evidence for fission of uranium has been made. This famous article was first published in January 1939, so that the year 1964 marks its 25th anniversary.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "American Journal of Physics", journal-URL = "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp", } @InCollection{Arms:1966:DP, author = "Nancy Arms", title = "The Diffusion Project", crossref = "Arms:1966:PTC", chapter = "10", pages = "100--111", year = "1966", bibdate = "Thu May 02 06:32:10 2024", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Frisch--Peierls memorandum; gaseous diffusion of uranium hexafluoride; M.A.U.D. Committee (Thomson, Cockcroft, Oliphant, Moon, Blackett, Ellis, Haworth, then Peierls); F. E. Simon (diffusion project leader)", } @Article{Oliphant:1966:TEa, author = "Mark L. Oliphant", title = "The two {Ernests} --- {I}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "19", number = "9", pages = "35--49", month = sep, year = "1966", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3048466", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Fri Jan 22 07:21:40 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib", note = "Reprinted in \cite{Oliphant:1985:TE}.", URL = "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/19/9/10.1063/1.3048466", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", keywords = "Ernest Lawrence; Ernest Rutherford", remark-1 = "From page 37: ``Before Guglielmo Marconi, he [Ernest Rutherford] was able to detect radio waves at a distance of half a mile.''", remark-2 = "From page 38: ``[Ernest] Lawrence wrote to [Raymond] Birge saying that some men in Yale were very `sore' that he should even consider a position in California to be comparable with one in Yale. `The Yale ego is really amusing. The idea is too prevalent that Yale brings honor to a man and that a man cannot bring honor to Yale.'''", remark-3 = "From page 44: ``The word `cyclotron' did not appear in any publication from the Radiation Laboratory till 1935, in a paper by Lawrence, Edwin M. McMillan and Robert Thornton [Phys. Rev. {\bf 48}, 493 (1935)], where the following footnote is inserted: `Since we shall have many occasions in the future to refer to this apparatus, we feel that it should have a name. The term `magnetic resonance accelerator' is suggested. \ldots{} The word `cyclotron,' of obvious derivation, has come to be used as a sort of laboratory slang for the magnetic device.'''", remark-4 = "From the footnote on page 49: ``The evident confusion in nomenclature arose in this way. G. N. Lewis had proposed the name `deuton' for the nucleus of the atom of heavy hydrogen. Rutherford objected strongly to this, feeling that it would inevitably lead to confusion with neutron, especially in the spoken word. After discussion with his classical colleagues, he proposed the name `diplon,' for the nucleus, and `diplogen' for the atom, terms derived from Greek, and analogous to proton and hydrogen. The dual nomenclature was given up eventually, and the compromise `deuteron' and `deuterium' was accepted. It was said by one cynic that Ernest Rutherford was happy when his initials were inserted into deuton!''", } @Article{Oliphant:1966:TEb, author = "Mark L. Oliphant", title = "The two {Ernests} --- {II}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "19", number = "10", pages = "41--51", month = oct, year = "1966", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3047765", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Fri Jan 22 07:25:21 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib", note = "Reprinted in \cite{Oliphant:1985:TE}.", URL = "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/19/10/10.1063/1.3047765", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", keywords = "Ernest Lawrence; Ernest Rutherford", remark-1 = "From page 43: ``The first rat was exposed for a period of three hours, and as a result died, and subsequent experiments indicate that neutron rays are considerably more lethal biologically than X rays. \ldots{} John [Lawrence] tells me that in fact the rat died of suffocation, being too completely confined! However, an important result was that much more stringent precautions against neutron and gamma radiation were then instituted in the Radiation Laboratory.''", remark-2 = "From page 50: ``He [Rutherford] had had many Indian students and had known well that remarkable mathematical genius, Srinivasa Ramanujan, also a Fellow of Trinity College, who had died so young, leaving behind a series of intuitive mathematical theorems that intrigued the world of mathematics for the succeeding generation.''", remark-3 = "From page 51: ``Lawrence was one of the few in the United States who rapidly appreciated the profound significance of the discovery of the fission process. In England the possibility that it had military significance was more quickly realized in particular by Frisch and Rudolf Peierls, and by Chadwick, who showed independently that a fast-neutron fission chain process in the uranium isotope of mass 235, leading to a super-explosion, was possible.''", remark-4 = "From page 51: ``Rutherford, the greater scientist, laid the foundations of modern physics. Lawrence, with his greater flair for technology and organization, showed how to build, on those foundations, the massive edifice of physics today.''", } @Article{Muller:1968:DF, author = "Walter M{\"u}ller", title = "The discovery of fission", journal = j-PHYS-BULL, volume = "19", number = "5", pages = "157--157", month = may, year = "1968", CODEN = "PHSBB4", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/19/5/023", ISSN = "0031-9112", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:47:28 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Bulletin", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9112", remark = "Letter to the editor by the co-inventor of the Geiger--M{\"u}ller counter, pointing out that, contrary to the statement in \cite{Frisch:1968:DF}, he was not a student, but already had his Dr. Phil. degree, and objecting to the frequent suppression of his name in connection with the counter.", } @InProceedings{Rosenfeld:1972:NR, author = "L{\'e}on Rosenfeld", title = "Nuclear Reminiscences", crossref = "Reines:1972:CFOa", pages = "289--299", year = "1972", bibdate = "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf..289R", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "On pages 296--298, the author describes his trip across the Atlantic with Niels Bohr in January 1939, and how on the crossing, they discussed Hahn and Strassmann's November 1938 experimental work on the splitting of the atom, and Meitner and Frisch's theoretical explanation from December 1938. The work of the latter was described in papers submitted to Nature, and Bohr had intended his knowledge of their contents to be held confidential until their publication. However, that was not clear to Rosenfeld, who discussed the work with John Wheeler and colleagues at Princeton. Within days, the news spread to other physicists in the USA, several of whom were able to reproduce the Hahn and Strassmann work, and the nuclear arms race was begun.", } @Article{Anderson:1973:TQA, author = "Herbert Anderson", title = "Three questions about the sustained nuclear chain reaction", journal = "The {University of Chicago} Magazine", volume = "65", number = "5", pages = "3--7", month = mar # "\slash " # apr, year = "1973", ISSN = "0041-9508", ISSN-L = "0041-9508", bibdate = "Wed May 20 17:09:06 2015", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb3960604v", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Alexander Sachs; Arthur Compton; Edward Teller; Enrico Fermi; Ernest Rutherford; Eugene Wigner; Franklin Delano Roosevelt; H. G. Wells; Leo Szilard; Lise Meitner; Lyman Briggs; Niels Bohr; Otto Frisch", remark = "From page 5: ``It was curious how he [Szilard] came to Columbia [University]. He was not a member of the faculty. He just sort of appeared one day, because he knew that that's where the action would be. He went to the dean, who appointed him a guest scientist. He then participated in some of the experiments.''", } @Article{Anonymous:1973:DNP, author = "Anonymous", title = "Distinguished Nuclear Pioneer Lecturer--1973. {Otto Frisch}", journal = j-NUCL-MED, volume = "14", number = "6", pages = "372--374", day = "1", month = jun, year = "1973", CODEN = "JNMEAQ", ISSN = "0161-5505 (print), 1535-5667 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0161-5505", bibdate = "Fri May 04 10:13:34 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "Reprinted from \booktitle{Trinity Review}, Lent Term, 1959, pages 25--27.", URL = "http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/14/6/372.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Journal of Nuclear Medicine", journal-URL = "http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/by/year", } @Article{Feld:1979:LKO, author = "Bernard T. Feld", title = "{Lew Kowarski, 1907--1979. Otto Robert Frisch, 1904--1979}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "35", number = "10", pages = "4--5", month = dec, year = "1979", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Oct 28 16:24:00 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", journal-URL = "http://bos.sagepub.com/", } @Article{Peierls:1979:BRP, author = "Rudolf Peierls", title = "Book review: A physicist who enjoys it. {{\booktitle{What Little I Remember}}, by Otto R. Frisch, pp. 219. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1979)}", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "280", number = "5719", pages = "257--259", day = "19", month = jul, year = "1979", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/280257a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Tue Apr 24 21:39:36 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", URL = "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/1979Natur.280..257P", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 June 1907--19 September 1995)", fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", } @Misc{Weiner:1979:OHO, author = "Charles Weiner", title = "Oral Histories; {Otto Frisch}", howpublished = "American Institute of Physics (AIP) interview.", day = "3", month = may, year = "1979", bibdate = "Sun May 06 17:20:18 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4616", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Bethe:1980:ORF, author = "H. A. Bethe and George Winter", title = "{Otto Robert Frisch}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "99--100", month = jan, year = "1980", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2913924", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Mon Jul 17 16:37:57 MDT 2017", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/debroglie-louis.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; http://www.physicstoday.org/search", note = "See correction \cite{Ditchburn:1980:FO}.", URL = "http://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.2913924", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Hans Albrecht Bethe (1906--2005)", fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", remark-1 = "From page 100: in 1930--1933, ``Stern and Frisch succeeded in demonstrating the diffraction of a molecular beam of helium from a crystal, thus showing that the de Broglie relation holds for a complex system like a helium atom as well as for elementary particles.''", remark-2 = "From page 100: ``In 1947 he accepted a professorship at Cambridge University, in fact the very chair that had previously been held by Lord Rutherford.''", subject-dates = "Louis de Broglie (1892--1987); Otto Robert Frisch (1904--1979)", } @Article{Ditchburn:1980:FO, author = "R. W. Ditchburn", title = "{Frisch} obituary", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "33", number = "5", pages = "86--86", month = may, year = "1980", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2914101", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/debroglie-louis.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; http://www.physicstoday.org/search", note = "Correction to \cite{Bethe:1980:ORF}, noting that Frisch did not succeed to Rutherford's chair, but rather, was Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", } @Article{Hendry:1980:BRR, author = "John Hendry", title = "Book Reviews: Reminiscence and the Contemporary History of Science: {{\booktitle{What Little I Remember}}, by Otto Frisch. \booktitle{Nuclear Physics in Retrospect. Proceedings of a Symposium on the 1930s}, by Roger H. Stuewer}", journal = j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI, volume = "13", number = "3", pages = "258--262", month = nov, year = "1980", CODEN = "BJHSAT", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400018070; https://doi.org/10.2307/4026200", ISSN = "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0007-0874", bibdate = "Thu Sep 23 07:34:43 MDT 2010", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4026200", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "British Journal for the History of Science", journal-URL = "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH", } @Article{Peierls:1980:ORF, author = "Rudolf Peierls", title = "Obituary: {O. R. Frisch}, 1904--1979", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "284", number = "5752", pages = "196--197", day = "13", month = mar, year = "1980", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/284196a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Tue Apr 24 18:36:32 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", URL = "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/1980Natur.284..196P", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 June 1907--19 September 1995)", fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", } @Article{Seidel:1980:BRB, author = "Robert W. Seidel", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{What Little I Remember}} by Otto R. Frisch}", journal = j-ISIS, volume = "71", number = "3", pages = "517--518", month = sep, year = "1980", CODEN = "ISISA4", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.2307/230165", ISSN = "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0021-1753", bibdate = "Tue Jul 30 21:30:07 MDT 2013", bibsource = "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis; http://www.jstor.org/stable/i302339; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis1980.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/230165; http://www.jstor.org/stable/230165", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Isis", journal-URL = "http://www.jstor.org/journal/isis", } @Article{Siegel:1980:BRW, author = "Daniel M. Siegel", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{What Little I Remember}}, by O. R. Frisch}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "33", number = "4", pages = "56--56", month = apr, year = "1980", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2914021", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", } @Article{Wilson:1980:BRW, author = "R. R. Wilson", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{What Little I Remember}}, Otto R. Frisch}", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "207", number = "4435", pages = "1068--1068", day = "7", month = mar, year = "1980", CODEN = "SCIEAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1684108", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Thu May 3 19:15:39 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1684108", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Science", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/", } @Article{Peierls:1981:ORF, author = "{Sir} Rudolf {Peierls, F.R.S.}", title = "{Otto Robert Frisch, 1 October 1904--22 September 1979}", journal = j-BIOGRAPH-MEMOIRS-FELLOWS-ROY-SOC, volume = "27", pages = "283--306", month = nov, year = "1981", CODEN = "BMFRA3", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1981.0012", ISSN = "0080-4606 (print), 1748-8494 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0080-4606", bibdate = "Mon Apr 30 15:38:11 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/biograph-memoirs-fellows-roy-soc.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/769874; http://www.jstor.org/stable/769874; https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rsbm.1981.0012", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Biogr. Mem. Fell. R. Soc. Lond.", author-dates = "Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 June 1907--19 September 1995)", fjournal = "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society", journal-URL = "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsbm; https://www.jstor.org/journal/biogmemofellroya", published = "01 November 1981", remark-1 = "From page 284: ``In the family the boy was always known as `Otto Robert', as if the two names were hyphenated. Later he tended to call himself Robert, except at Los Alamos, where there were too many Roberts, and he was called Otto. This usage seems to have persisted; his book of recollections (B5) and some articles are headed `Otto Frisch'.''", remark-2 = "From page 291: ``The annual reports of the Chemical Society contained a section on nuclear physics, and Frisch and I had been asked to write this for the current volume. Naturally the part on the experimental situation, and on fission, fell to him (38). His report included the conclusion that there was no possibility of an explosive chain reaction. But further reflection, stimulated by his interest in isotope separation, set him wondering what would happen if one could obtain a substantial quantity of pure 235U. He raised this question in conversation with me, because I had recently worked out a formula giving the critical size for a chain reaction not involving the slowing-down of neutrons. I had been doubtful about the propriety of publishing such a calculation, but Frisch had convinced me that a weapon was not a practical possibility, and I sent the paper off for publication.''", remark-3 = "From page 291: ``This [a critical mass of uranium about a half-kg] seemed an important enough finding to communicate to people in authority, and we wrote a memorandum, divided into a technical and a general part, which, with Oliphant's help, was passed on to Sir Henry Tizard. This led to the work of the MAUD Committee, and later to the work of the Tube Alloys project. (Both names were just cover names for atomic energy).''", remark-4 = "From pages 292--293: ``He remained in Liverpool until late in 1943, when it was decided to discontinue wartime work on atomic energy in Britain and to transfer many of the scientists engaged in this work, including Frisch, to the United States to work with the Manhattan District of the Army on the American atomic weapons project. He could not very well go there as an enemy alien, and steps were taken to make him a British subject. This would normally have been a protracted operation, but in this case bureaucracy proved its ability to move fast. He had to apply for naturalization, the application had to be granted by the Home Secretary, a certificate had to be issued, and with it he had to take the oath of allegiance, he had to register for National Service, and have his service deferred, a passport had to be issued, on which he needed a U.S. visa and an exit permit, and finally he had to be booked a passage on a boat and sail. All this was completed in 48 hours.''", remark-5 = "From page 293: ``Frisch had a narrow escape when he was working with a bare mass of fissile material (appropriately code-named Godiva) without a surrounding scatterer. As he bent over the specimen, slow neutrons scattered from his body added sufficiently to the multiplication factor to pass criticality. Only his alertness in observing the behaviour of the indicator lights attached to the counters, and a quick reaction in pulling away part of the fissile material, stopped the chain reaction reaching a dangerous radiation level.''", remark-6 = "From page 294: ``The most daring experiment of this kind was the 'dragon', so called because it was like tickling the tail of a dragon. The idea, proposed by Frisch, was to have a piece of fissile material which, because of a hole through its middle, was sub-critical. A plug, which fitted loosely in the hole, would make it supercritical. The plug was dropped through the hole from a suitable height, so that it passed through rapidly. The system would thus become supercritical for a brief interval, and during this time a chain reaction would develop but would not have time to build up to dangerous level.''", remark-7 = "From page 297: ``He [Frisch] did enjoy being there [at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, UK]. He appreciated the high quality of the research and its breadth, and the presence of enthusiastic and bright students. For undergraduates his lectures seem to have been difficult, because he expected them to think too much for themselves. But for graduate students his ability to find simple pictures and analogies, and his insistence on simple explanations made his lectures attractive and inspiring. Dr Alan Oxley remembers the verse: 'If ever you're troubled by nuclear parity, Old Father Frisch will explain it with clarity.'''", remark-8 = "From page 301: ``He [Frisch] remained active and enjoyed life until the accidental fall which caused his death after a short period in hospital. He just missed his seventy-fifth birthday, to which he had been looking forward.''", } @InCollection{Oliphant:1985:TE, author = "Mark L. Oliphant", title = "The two {Ernests}", crossref = "Weart:1985:HP", pages = "173--193", year = "1985", bibdate = "Fri Jan 22 05:32:31 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib", note = "Reprint of \cite{Oliphant:1966:TEa,Oliphant:1966:TEb}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Ernest Lawrence; Ernest Rutherford", } @Article{Segre:1985:HPR, author = "Emilio Segr{\`e}", title = "Historical Perspective: Refugee Scientists and Nuclear Energy", journal = j-ANN-NY-ACAD-SCI, volume = "452", number = "1", bookpages = "xix + 411", pages = "xv--xix", year = "1985", CODEN = "ANYAA9", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb29993.x", ISBN = "0-89766-298-9, 0-89766-299-7 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-89766-298-7, 978-0-89766-299-4 (paperback)", ISSN = "0077-8923 (print), 1749-6632 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0077-8923", bibdate = "Wed Mar 6 17:26:04 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", note = "Sixth International Conference on Collective Phenomena: reports from the Moscow Refusnik Seminar / edited by Inga Fischer-Hjalmars and Joel L. Lebowitz. Contributions from the Moscow Refusnik Seminar and from two International Conferences on Collective Phenomena, one held in Stockholm, Sweden, 1--2 December 1983, and the other in Tel Aviv, Israel, 31 May--1 June 1984.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences", journal-URL = "http://www.nyas.org/Publications/Archive.aspx", keywords = "Hans Bethe; Niels Bohr; Max Born; Walther Bothe; James Chadwick; Orso Mario Corbino; Marie Curie; Peter Debye; Paul S. Epstein; Enrico Fermi; James Franck; Otto Robert Frisch; Klaus Fuchs; Hans Geiger; Samuel Goudsmit; General Leslie R. Groves; Fritz Haber; Otto Hahn; Adolf Hitler; K. Lark Horowitz; Fritz G. Houtermans; Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Joliot-Curie; George B. Kistiakowsky; Lew Kowarski; A. L. Hughes; Fritz London; Lise Meitner; Benito Mussolini; Lothar W. Nordheim; Wolfgang Pauli; Rudolf Peierls; Francis Perrin; George Placzek; Giulio Racah; Bruno Rossi; Joseph Rotblat; Ernest Rutherford; Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger; Emilio Segr{\`e}; ?. Staub; Otto Stern; Leo Szilard; Edward Teller; Llewellyn H. Thomas; George Uhlenbeck; Victor Weisskopf; Eugene P. Wigner; Fritz Zwicky; Theodore von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n; John von Neumann; Hans von Halben; George von Hevesy", remark = "From the last paragraph: ``My list is not complete but it should suffice to show the contribution of Hitler to the atomic bomb. Of course his most important contribution was the unparalleled motivation he gave to everybody.''", } @Article{Stuewer:1985:BNF, author = "Roger H. Stuewer", title = "Bringing the News of Fission to {America}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "38", number = "10", pages = "48--56", month = oct, year = "1985", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.881016", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Tue Aug 21 06:52:15 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib", URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v38/i10/p48_s1", abstract = "This article explains Niels Bohr's conveyance of Lise Meitner's and Otto Frisch's theory of nuclear fission to the United States in 1939. After reviewing the results of experiments conducted by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann, Frisch and Meitner theorized that the barium Hahn and Fritz had found after bombarding uranium with neutrons had been the result of splitting a small portion of atoms in the uranium sample. Frisch sought out Niels Bohr in Copenhagen and shared the conclusions that he and Meitner had drawn. The article discusses how Bohr worked out the theory, the transatlantic communication mishaps between Bohr and Frisch, and how Bohr introduced the theory of uranium fission to the physics community in the United States.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", remark = "Special issue on Niels Bohr.", } @Article{French:1986:NBH, author = "A. P. French", title = "{Niels Bohr} at 100: his life and work", journal = j-PHYS-EDUC, volume = "21", number = "4", pages = "220--226", month = jul, year = "1986", CODEN = "PHEDA7", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/21/4/005", ISSN = "0031-9120 (print), 1361-6552 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9120", bibdate = "Thu Apr 28 20:51:59 2011", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://stacks.iop.org/0031-9120/21/i=4/a=005", abstract = "The author gives an account of the life and work of Niels Bohr.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Education", journal-URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9120/", PACS = "01.60.+q Biographies, tributes, personal notes, and obituaries; 01.65.+g History of science", remark-1 = "From pages 222--223: ``Bohr, in his development of a theory of the Periodic Table, had assigned electron configurations and the associated chemical properties to the several `missing elements', among them element 72, which Bohr decided must be chemically similar to zirconium. Now among the first appointees to his institute were George de Hevesy, a brilliant Hungarian chemist, and the Dutchman Dirk Coster, an expert in x-ray spectroscopy. Between them, de Hevesy and Coster made extractions from zirconium minerals and tested these for the appearance of characteristic x-rays belonging to $Z = 72$. Their work bore fruit just in time for Bohr to announce the discovery of element 72 at his Nobel Prize lecture in Stockholm in December 1922. The new element was christened hafnium, after the old Latin name for Copenhagen.''", remark-2 = "From page 221: ``[Niels Bohr] made some theoretical studies of the passage of charged particles through matter (a topic that continued to hold his interest throughout his life), and from a consideration of the chains of successive alpha- and beta-particle emissions in natural radioactive series he arrived (and was probably the first person to do so) at the idea of nuclear isotopy.''", remark-3 = "From page 222: ``Bohr did not stop at the hydrogen atom, and over the next decade he worked at the electron configurations in heavier atoms. \ldots{} In fact he developed a table of the quantised electron states for all the atoms in the Periodic Table. It was a {\em tour de force\/} depending mainly on his skilful use of the correspondence principle, supplemented by his wide knowledge of chemistry and spectroscopy. Detailed calculations hardly entered the picture at all --- a fact that astonished the rigorous mathematical physicists at the University of G{\"o}ttingen when Bohr went there in 1922 to expound his results. (It was remarked that his use of the correspondence principle was `a somewhat mystical magic wand', which worked only in Copenhagen!) Bohr's achievement is even more remarkable when one recalls that the Pauli exclusion principle, which is the basis of our current picture of atomic structure, was not discovered until 1925.''", remark-4 = "From page 223: ``Bohr invited Schr{\"o}dinger to Copenhagen for extended discussions with himself and Heisenberg. The episode has been entertainingly described by Heisenberg (1971); as with Rutherford in 1913, Bohr was tireless (almost relentless) in pressing his own point of view. Schr{\"o}dinger went home exhausted but unconvinced [that there was some element of reality in Schr{\"o}dinger's waves].''", remark-5 = "From page 223: ``Bohr regarded this situation [complementarity] in the subatomic world as a profound intellectual challenge; as quoted by Otto Frisch (1979) he once remarked: `If anybody says he can think about quantum theory without getting giddy it merely shows that he hasn't understood the first thing about it!'''", remark-6 = "On nuclear reactions, on page 224: ``But evidence accumulated of peculiar `resonance' effects --- a sensitive dependence of reaction probability on bombarding energy. It was Niels Bohr, in 1935, who provided the explanation. namely that between the initial and final stages there may be a relatively long-lived compound nuclear state. \ldots{} essential idea was quickly taken up and exploited by Bohr's younger colleagues, and by theorists elsewhere, in a detailed theory of nuclear reaction dynamics.", subject = "Education and communication", } @Article{Mitchum:1986:BRB, author = "Carl Mitchum", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{A Theory of Technology: Continuity and Change in Human Development}} by Thomas R. DeGregori; \booktitle{International Technology Transfer: Concepts, Measures, and Comparisons} by Nathan Rosenberg; Claudio Frischtak}", journal = j-ISIS, volume = "77", number = "3", pages = "552--554", month = sep, year = "1986", CODEN = "ISISA4", ISSN = "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0021-1753", bibdate = "Tue Jul 30 21:23:19 MDT 2013", bibsource = "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis; http://www.jstor.org/stable/i211179; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis1980.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/231653", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Isis", journal-URL = "http://www.jstor.org/journal/isis", } @Article{Peierls:1986:FFW, author = "Rudolf Peierls", title = "Fact or fission [Wild speculation]", journal = j-LONDON-REV-BOOKS, volume = "8", number = "18", pages = "4--4", day = "23", month = oct, year = "1986", ISSN = "0260-9592", ISSN-L = "0260-9592", bibdate = "Mon Apr 30 16:05:39 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", URL = "https://www.lrb.co.uk/v08/n18/letters#letter4", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "London Review of Books", journal-URL = "https://www.lrb.co.uk/", remark = "From the letter: ``I was shocked to read \booktitle{The Red and the Blue} by Andrew Sinclair. The book, which hasn t been reviewed in your paper, draws misleading conclusions from an account of physics in the Thirties which contains so many errors that I can point only to a small fraction. \ldots{} The discovery [of nuclear fission], by Hahn and Strassmann in Berlin, was stimulated by experiments done by Fermi in Rome, and explained by Lise Meitner and Frisch in Sweden. Without scientific information being freely exchanged, none of this would have been known in this country.''", } @Article{Barschall:1987:RED, author = "Henry H. Barschall", title = "Reminiscences of the Early Days of Fission", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "40", number = "6", pages = "??--??", month = jun, year = "1987", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.881075", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Fri Apr 29 15:32:44 2011", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", abstract = "Roger Stuewer has described how L{\'e}on Rosenfeld brought the news that uranium undergoes fission to Princeton's Physics Journal Club on the evening of 16 January 1939, the day on which Niels Bohr and Rosenfeld had arrived in New York from Denmark. (See Stuewer's article in PHysics Today, October 1985, page 48). Bohr had first learned of the discovery of fission from Otto Frisch on 3 January 1939, and Rosenfeld's report was the first information received by physicists in the United States. I was in the audience and the news had an immediate impact on my own activities, and it continued to affect my work for the next six years. The following are some of my recollections of that period.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", } @Book{Peierls:1991:MST, author = "Rudolf Peierls", title = "More Surprises in Theoretical Physics", publisher = pub-PRINCETON, address = pub-PRINCETON:adr, pages = "viii + 106", year = "1991", ISBN = "0-691-08576-5 (hardcover), 0-691-02522-3 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-691-08576-0 (hardcover), 978-0-691-02522-3 (paperback)", LCCN = "QC20 .P345 1991", MRclass = "82-01 (81-01)", MRnumber = "1120782", MRreviewer = "A. Ventura", bibdate = "Mon Apr 23 18:24:24 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", series = "Princeton Series in Physics", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/prin021/90023189.html; https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/1991mstp.book.....P", abstract = "This book is a collection of the major scientific papers of Sir Rudolf Peierls (1907--1995), including the Peierls--Frisch Memoranda of 1940 on the feasibility, and the predicted human effects, of an atomic bomb made of uranium-235. His papers range widely in topic. They include much on the fundamentals of solid state physics, the thermal and electric conductivity of materials as a function of temperature T (especially T$_0$), the interpretation of the de Haas--van Alphen effect observed for a metal in a magnetic field, and the basics of transport theory. Many are on problems in statistical mechanics, including his constructive paper demonstrating the existence of a phase transition for Ising's model for a two-dimensional ferromagnet. In nuclear physics, they include the first calculations (with Bethe) on the photo-disintegration of the deuteron (made in response to a challenge by Chadwick), the Kapur--Peierls theory of resonance phenomena in nuclear reactions, the Bohr--Peierls--Placzek continuum model for complex nuclei (which first explained the narrow resonances observed for low energy neutrons incident on very heavy nuclei), and the Peierls--Thouless variational approach to collective phenomena in nuclei. Several of Peierls's wartime papers, now declassified, are here published for the first time. Brief commentaries on most of the papers in this book were added by Peierls, to indicate subsequent developments and their relationship with other work, or to correct errors found later on. A complete bibliography of his writings is given as an appendix.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 June 1907--19 September 1995)", tableofcontents = "1. On the theory of galvanomagnetic effects \\ 2. On the theory of the Hall effect \\ 3. On the existence of stationary states \\ 4. On the kinetic theory of thermal conduction in crystals \\ 5. On the theory of electric and thermal conductivity of metals \\ 6. Two remarks on the theory of conductivity \\ 7. Quantum electrodynamics in configuration space \\ 8. Extension of the uncertainty principle to relativistic quantum theory \\ 9. On the absorption spectra of solids \\ 10. On the theory of the diamagnetism of conduction electrons \\ 11. On the theory of the diamagnetism of conduction electrons, II. Strong magnetic fields \\ 12. Remarks on the theory of metals \\ 13. On the statistical basis for the electron theory of metals \\ 14. Remarks on transition temperatures \\ 15. The ``neutrino'' \\ 16. The neutrino \\ 17. Quantum theory of the diplon \\ 18. The scattering of neutrons by protons \\ 19. Statistical error in counting experiments \\ 20. Statistical theory of superlattices with unequal concentrations of the components \\ 21. Note on the derivation of the equation of state for a degenerate relativistic gas \\ 22. Magnetic transition curves of supraconductors \\ 23. Statistical theory of adsorption with interaction between the adsorbed atoms \\ 24. On Ising's model of ferromagnetism \\ 25. Penetration into potential barriers in several dimensions \\ 26. Heat conduction in liquid helium \\ 27. The dispersion formula for nuclear reactions \\ 28. On minimum property of the free energy \\ 29. Nuclear reactions in the continuous energy region \\ 30. Critical conditions in neutron multiplication \\ 31. Interpretation of beta-disintegration data \\ 32. The size of a dislocation \\ 33. The Frisch-Peierls Memorandum of 1940 (in 2 parts) \\ 34. The Bohr theory of nuclear reactions \\ 35. Separation of isotopes \\ 36. On Lorentz invariance in the quantum theory \\ 37. The equation of state of air at high temperatures \\ 38. Expansions in terms of sets of functions with complex eigenvalues \\ 39. The commutation laws of relativistic field theory \\ 40. The polyneutron theory of the origin of the elements \\ 41. Properties of form factors in non-local theories \\ 42. A study of gauge-invariant non-local interactions \\ 43. Field equations in functional form \\ 44. Note on the vibration spectrum of a crystal \\ 45. The coherent scattering of [symbol]-rays by K electrons in heavy atoms. I. Method \\ 46. Interpretation and properties of propagators \\ 47. The Peierls transition \\ 48. The collective model of nuclear motion \\ 49. Two-stage model of Fermi interactions \\ 50. Complex eigenvalues in scattering theory \\ 51. Selected topics in nuclear theory \\ 52. Velocity-dependent nuclear forces \\ 53. Variational approach to collective motion \\ 54. The Villars formalism for nuclear rotation \\ 55. Time reversal and the second law of thermodynamics \\ 56. The momentum of a light wave in a refracting medium \\ 57. Perturbation theory for projected states \\ 58. The force on a moving charge in an electron gas \\ 59. Perturbation theory for projected states, II. Convergence criteria and a soluble model \\ 60. Test of projected perturbation theory on a simplified model of H[symbol] \\ 61. Some simple remarks on the basis of transport theory \\ 62. The force in electromigration \\ 63. The momentum of light in a refractive medium \\ 64. Resonant states and their uses \\ 65. Local approximation to a non-local potential \\ 66. Model-making in physics \\ 67. The momentum of a sound pulse in a slightly dispersive medium \\ 68. Momentum and pseudomomentum of light and sound \\ 69. Observations in quantum mechanics and the ``collapse of the wave function'' \\ 70. Shape of solitons in classically forbidden states: ``Lorentz expansion'' \\ 71. In defence of ``measurement'' \\ 72. Broken symmetries", } @Book{Serber:1992:APF, author = "R. (Robert) Serber and Richard Rhodes", title = "The {Los Alamos} primer: the first lectures on how to build an atomic bomb", publisher = pub-U-CALIFORNIA-PRESS, address = pub-U-CALIFORNIA-PRESS:adr, pages = "xxxiii + 98 + 8", year = "1992", ISBN = "0-520-07576-5", ISBN-13 = "978-0-520-07576-4", LCCN = "QC773.A1 S47 1992", bibdate = "Tue Dec 13 14:53:30 MST 2005", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/etext/gutenberg/; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bios/ucal051/91014068.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/ucal041/91014068.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Based on a set of 5 lectures given by R. Serber during the first two weeks of Apr. 1943 as an indoctrination course in connection with the starting of the Los Alamos Project. Edited, and with an introduction, by Richard Rhodes.", subject = "Atomic bomb; United States; History; Physicists; Biography", tableofcontents = "Introduction \\ Preface \\ The Los Alamos Primer / 1 \\ Object / 3 \\ Energy of Fission Process / 5 \\ Fast Neutron Chain Reaction / 9 \\ Fission Cross-sections / 13 \\ Neutron Spectrum / 19 \\ Neutron Number / 19 \\ Neutron Capture / 21 \\ Why Ordinary U Is Safe / 21 \\ Material 49 / 22 \\ Simplest Estimate of Minimum Size of Bomb / 25 \\ Effect of Tamper / 29 \\ Damage / 33 \\ Efficiency / 38 \\ Effect of Tamper on Efficiency / 43 \\ Detonation / 45 \\ Probability of Predetonation / 46 \\ Fizzles / 49 \\ Detonating Source / 51 \\ Neutron Background / 52 \\ Shooting / 56 \\ Autocatalytic Methods / 61 \\ Conclusion / 63 \\ Endnotes / 65 \\ Appendix I: The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum / 77 \\ Appendix II: Biographical Notes / 89 \\ Index / 95", } @Article{Prasad:1993:RRR, author = "Rajendra Prasad", title = "Review: Re-Reading Classics {{\booktitle{A Mathematician's Apology}} by G. H. Hardy}; {{\booktitle{What Little I Remember}} by Otto Frisch}; {{\booktitle{What Is Life?, with Mind and Matter and Autobiographical Sketches}} by Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger}; {{\booktitle{Mr. Tompkins in Paperback}} by George Gamow}", journal = j-SOC-SCI, volume = "21", number = "3/4", pages = "98--101", month = apr, year = "1993", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.2307/3517634", ISSN = "0970-0293", ISSN-L = "0970-0293", bibdate = "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3517634; http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3517634.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Social Scientist", } @Book{Segre:1993:MAM, author = "Emilio Segr{\`e}", title = "A mind always in motion: the autobiography of {Emilio Segr{\`e}}", publisher = pub-U-CALIFORNIA-PRESS, address = pub-U-CALIFORNIA-PRESS:adr, pages = "xii + 332", year = "1993", ISBN = "0-520-07627-3", ISBN-13 = "978-0-520-07627-3", LCCN = "QC16.S35 A3 1993", bibdate = "Tue Jun 19 15:10:36 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft700007rb; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/ucal041/92010722.html", abstract = "I have written this autobiography because I thought it might interest a public curious about the science-dominated period in which I lived. Many other physicists, my contemporaries, have done the same, among them Luis Alvarez, Freeman Dyson, Walter Elsasser, Richard Feynman, Otto Frisch, Werner Heisenberg, Sir Rudolf Peierls, and Bruno Rossi. Each of them writes from his own point of view and according to his personality. This emerges clearly, for instance, in descriptions of the Los Alamos period; in comparing them, one recognizes the main facts, but the differences of interpretation and the importance assigned to those facts by the authors stand out starkly, as do judgments on persons and events. These differences are interesting and should not be suppressed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "According to \cite[page 5]{Michaudon:2000:FMW}, this book discusses why several groups initially failed to recognize the possibility of nuclear fission, including Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, the Joliot-Curies, Enrico Fermi, and others. There are 335 instances of `Fermi' in the online version of the book.", subject = "Segr{\`e}, Emilio; physicists; United States; biography; Italy", tableofcontents = "Acknowledgments \\ Preface \\ Chapter One: Chromosomes: Family and Childhood (1905--1917): Smell of Skunk \\ Chapter Two: Discovering the World: Rome and High School (1917--1922): Scent of Florentine Wisteria \\ Chapter Three: The Education of a Physicist (1922--1928): Scent of Roman Hay and Alpine Snow \\ Chapter Four: Scientific Springtime (1928--1936): Smell of Amsterdam's Canals \\ Chapter Five: On My Own: Professor at Palermo (1936--1938): Scent of Orange Blossoms \\ Chapter Six: In the New World: Refugee at Berkeley (1938--1943): Smell of Cyclotron Oil \\ Chapter Seven: Los Alamos: The Fateful Mesa (1943--1946): Smell of Pi{\~n}ones \\ Chapter Eight: Returns: Science and Struggle, Berkeley and Italy (1946--1950): Smell of Hydrogen Sulfide, Acque Albule \\ Chapter Nine: Ripening Crops (1950--1954): Smell of Ripe Wheat \\ Chapter Ten: Triumphs and Tragedies (1954--1982): Odor of Laurel and Cypress \\ Notes \\ A Few Words from Rosa \\ Index", } @Article{Anonymous:1994:EOL, author = "Anonymous", title = "Errata: {The Origin of the Liquid-Drop Model and the Interpretation of Nuclear Fission}", journal = j-PERSPECT-SCI, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "254--254", month = "Summer", year = "1994", CODEN = "PRSIEU", ISSN = "1063-6145 (print), 1530-9274 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1063-6145", bibdate = "Wed Jul 17 14:38:59 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/perspectsci.bib", note = "Correction of printers error in bottom three equations from page 90.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Perspectives on Science", journal-URL = "http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_on_science/; http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/posc/", } @Article{Stuewer:1994:OLD, author = "Roger H. Stuewer", title = "The Origin of the Liquid-Drop Model and the Interpretation of Nuclear Fission", journal = j-PERSPECT-SCI, volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "76--129", month = "Spring", year = "1994", CODEN = "PRSIEU", ISSN = "1063-6145 (print), 1530-9274 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1063-6145", bibdate = "Mon Jul 15 07:18:48 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/perspectsci.bib", note = "See errata \cite{Anonymous:1994:EOL}.", URL = "http://alsos.wlu.edu/information.aspx?id=1736", abstract = "This essay discusses the historical and scientific basis of the two theories of the nucleus which led to the groundbreaking 1938 theory of nuclear fission by Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch. The first theory, developed between 1928 and 1936, was pioneered by George Gamow, who suggested that the nucleus could be considered to be like a drop of liquid, with energy holding the subatomic particles together just as tension holds together liquid particles. The second theory is Niels Bohr's 1936 theory of the compound nucleus, which describes the way in which particles may be released from the nucleus or that the nucleus may be destroyed by raising the energy of a particle which strikes the nucleus. The author suggests that Meitner and Frisch combined those two theories to reach a theory of fission that describes how a nucleus may be split and the energy that is produced. Although the article does present the equations and the reasoning behind the theories, it is largely understandable by a general audience.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Perspectives on Science", journal-URL = "http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_on_science/; http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/posc/", remark-00 = "This is an excellent article that clears up widespread miscrediting of the liquid-drop model of nuclear fission to Niels Bohr and John Wheeler in 1939, instead of, properly, to George Gamow in 1928. It deserves to be read by everyone who is interested in the history of modern nuclear physics.", remark-01 = "From page 79: ``Furthermore, just before leaving Copenhagen for Cambridge, sometime in December 1928, Gamow conceived the liquid-drop model of the nucleus.''", remark-02 = "From page 80: ``Gamow was among those who responded to Rutherford's remarks [at a meeting of the Royal Society in London on February 7, 1929], and his response constituted the first appearance of the liquid-drop model in print.''", remark-03 = "From page 85: ``In early April 1930 he [Gamow] visited Manchester where he discussed his liquid-drop model with Nevill Mott \ldots{} About a week later, he traveled to Copenhagen \ldots{} where he discussed his mass-defect calculations with Bohr \ldots{} Still, he did not succeed in overcoming his difficulties. Consequently, he published nothing further on the mass-defect curve, turning instead to other problems in nuclear physics in the summer of 1930.''", remark-04 = "From page 86: Gamow was denied a passport to leave Russia to attend the 31 October 1931 conference on nuclear physics organized by Enrico Fermi. ``Unable to leave Russia, he went to Leningrad, married Lyubov Vokhminzeva, and took up a position as professor of physics at the university. His paper for the Rome conference was read by Max Delbr{\"u}ck.''", remark-05 = "From page 86: ``[Fritz] Houtermans included an extensive discussion of Gamow's liquid-drop model in a long review article that he published in the \booktitle{Ergebnisse der exakten Naturwissenschaften}.''", remark-06 = "From page 86: ``In the comprehensive treatise that Rutherford, James Chadwick, and Charles D. Ellis published, \booktitle{Radiations from Radioactive Substances} (1930), Rutherford discussed Gamow's liquid-drop model at length, \ldots{}''", remark-07 = "From pages 87--88: ``He [Heisenberg] began to change his mind [about whether or not the neutron was an electron-proton composite particle] only in 1933, after Ettore Majorana, who according to Emilio Segr{\`e} \ldots{} immediately accepted the neutron as a new elementary particle, introduced a new neutron-proton force involving the exchange of spin as well as charge. A compelling argument for adopting Majorana's exchange force over Heisenberg's was that it saturated at the alpha particle, thus accounting for the high stability of that particle, whereas Heisenberg's saturated at the deuteron, a particle soon found to be not particularly stable.''", remark-08 = "From footnote 22 on page 88: ``For an account of Fermi's unsuccessful attempts to persuade Majorana to publish his theory [on nuclear exchange forces] and Heisenberg's success in doing so, see Amaldi 1984, pp. 44--45.''", remark-09 = "From page 90: ``To evaluate this expression [for the potential energy of exchange action], Heisenberg neglected the action exerted by the spin of the particles and applied the Thomas--Fermi approximation.''", remark-10 = "From page 97: ``Bethe did not discuss the historical origin of the above formula, whereas von Weizs{\"a}cker embedded his treatment within the context of Gamow's liquid-drop model of the nucleus.'' Bethe and Bacher's 148-page Part A nuclear physics article in \booktitle{Reviews of Modern Physics} in 1936 has only two brief references to Gamow's publications, and does not discuss Gamow's liquid-drop model. Bethe's 181-page Part B paper in that journal in 1937, and Livingston and Bethe's 154-pages Part C paper, also in 1937, have more references to Gamow's work, but primarily those involved with his estimation of nuclear size, and his theory of alpha decay. As a result, many physicists incorrectly attributed the liquid-drop model to its use by Bohr and Wheeler in their widely-read September 1939 \booktitle{Physical Review} article entitled ``The Mechanism of Nuclear Fission''.", remark-11 = "From page 118: ``Although Bohr was present at its creation in Copenhagen at the end of 1928, and although he commented on Gamow's contribution at the Solvay conference in 1933, he did not cite Gamow as the originator of the liquid-drop model in his and Kalckar's paper of 1937, perhaps because his use of the model departed so fundamentally from Gamow's. In any case, Bohr's omission was immediately propagated in the literature. Bethe, in the second part of his famous \booktitle{Reviews of Modern Physics} article of April 1937 [co-written with R. F. Bacher], based his discussion of the liquid-drop model on Bohr and Kalckar's paper in its prepublication form, and as a result he ironically and unwittingly cited Bohr and Kalckar themselves as the originators of that model.''", remark-12 = "From page 118: ``Von Weizs{\"a}cker gave full credit to Gamow in his book \booktitle{Die Atomkerne} (Weizsacker 1937, pp. 40--44), and Gamow himself discussed his liquid-drop model again in the second edition of his book on atomic nuclei (Gamow 1937, pp. 4--8), but \booktitle{Bethe's Bible} was far more influential than either von Weizs{\"a}cker's or Gamow's book, and physicists generally followed Bohr's and Bethe's leads in dropping Gamow's name from the literature --- an omission that was not corrected in Bohr and Wheeler's paper of 1939. Subsequently, perhaps because of Bohr's particularly fruitful application of the liquid-drop model to the understanding of nuclear reactions, but no doubt also owing to Bohr's imposing stature in the profession, physicists came to associate the origin of that model with Bohr's name, not Gamow's.''", } @Article{Crawford:1996:NTW, author = "Elisabeth Crawford and Ruth Lewin Sime and Mark Walker", title = "A {Nobel} tale of wartime injustice", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "382", number = "6590", pages = "393--395", day = "1", month = aug, year = "1996", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1038/382393a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Mon Jul 15 08:13:34 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v382/n6590/abs/382393a0.html", abstract = "Recently released documents give the inside story of Otto Hahn's 1944 Nobel prize in chemistry for the discovery of nuclear fission. They reveal flaws in the award-making process --- and an attempt to rewrite history.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", journal-URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/", remark = "See also German translation in \cite{Crawford:1997:KIP}.", subject-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968)", } @Book{Deichmann:1996:BUH, author = "Ute Deichmann", title = "Biologists under {Hitler}", publisher = pub-HARVARD, address = pub-HARVARD:adr, pages = "xviii + 468", year = "1996", ISBN = "0-674-07404-1", ISBN-13 = "978-0-674-07404-0", LCCN = "QH305.2.G3 D4513 1996", bibdate = "Fri Jan 20 05:33:06 MST 2006", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "biology; Germany; history; 20th Century; Austria; biologists; National Socialism and science", tableofcontents = "Foreword \\ Acknowledgments \\ Introduction / 1 \\ The Expulsion and Emigration of Scientists, 1933--1939 / 10 \\ A Brief Summary of Legal Measures / 10 \\ ``Non-Aryan'' Dismissals and Emigrations / 15 \\ Political Dismissals and Emigrations / 23 \\ The Impact of the Expulsion of Biologists on Research in Germany / 25 \\ Viktor Hamburger and Johannes Holtfreter: The Expulsion of Two Eminent Experimental Embryologists / 30 \\ Dismissed Biologists Able to Continue Their Work in Germany / 38 \\ Karl von Frisch, the Mischling, and the Solidarity of His Colleagues / 40 \\ The Return of Emigre Biologists to Scientific Institutes in Germany after 1945 / 48 \\ Wiedergutmachung in Public and Civil Service / 50 \\ Gerta von Ubisch: The Emigration and Return of a Professor / 52 \\ NSDAP Membership, Careers, and Research Funding / 59 \\ NSDAP Membership / 61 \\ The Significance of NSDAP Membership for Habilitation and Appointments / 64 \\ The Chair in Zoology in Munster, 1935--1937 / 72 \\ ``German Biology'': The Example of Ernst Lehmann / 74 \\ The Notgemeinschaft (Emergency Association) of German Science, the German Research Association, and the Reich Research Council under National Socialism / 89 \\ Funding for Biological Projects by the DFG and the RFR, 1933--1945, and the Significance of NSDAP Membership / 94 \\ Research Funding for Biologists at Universities and Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes / 97 \\ Research Funding and the Quality of Research / 99 \\ Funding according to Individuals and Specialities / 104 \\ The Political and Ideological Background to Research Funding / 105 \\ The Content and Result of Research at Universities / 132 \\ Botany / 133 \\ Zoology / 150 \\ Konrad Lorenz, Ethology, and National Socialist Racial Doctrine / 179 \\ The Content and Result of Research at Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes / 206 \\ The KWI for Biology, Berlin--Dahlem / 206 \\ The Division for Virus Research of the KWIs for Biology and Biochemistry, Berlin--Dahlem / 210 \\ The KWI for Cultivated Plant Research, Tuttenhof / 214 \\ The KWI for Breeding Research (Erwin Baur Institute), Muncheberg / 218 \\ The Genetics Department of the KWI for Brain Research, Berlin--Buch / 219 \\ The KWI for Biophysics, Frankfurt / 227 \\ The Department of Hereditary Pathology of the KWI for Anthropology, Human Genetics, and Eugenics, Berlin--Dahlem: The Example of Hans Nachtsheim / 229 \\ Scientific Research by the SS / 251 \\ The Scientific Interests of Heinrich Himmler / 251 \\ The SS Research and Teaching Society Das Ahnenerbe / 254 \\ Heinz Brucher at the Ahnenerbe's Institute for Plant Genetics, Lannach / 258 \\ Eduard May at the Ahnenerbe's Entomological Institute, Dachau / 264 \\ SS Research at the University of Jena: Gerhard Heberer, Human Origins, and the Nordic Race / 269 \\ Research to Develop Biological Weapons / 277 \\ The Working Group Blitzableiter / 278 \\ Biological Warfare Research under Deputy Reich Physician Fuhrer Kurt Blome / 282 \\ Aftereffects of National Socialism / 290 \\ The RFR and the DFG after 1945 / 290 \\ The Effects of National Socialism on the Development of Molecular Genetics in Germany / 294 \\ Conclusion / 318 \\ 1. Expulsion and Emigration / 319 \\ 2. Science in Nazi Germany: Ideology and Scientific Reality / 321 \\ 3. Continuity and Freedom of Research under National Socialism and in the Soviet Union under Stalin / 326 \\ Epilogue / 333 \\ Appendix A: Career Information / 337 \\ Appendix B: Biologists in the Study / 375 \\ Abbreviations / 379 \\ Notes / 381 \\ Sources / 423 \\ Index / 457", } @Article{Sime:1996:MFG, author = "Ruth Lewin Sime", title = "{Meitner}, {Frisch} Got to Fission Theory First --- The Rest Found It in {{\booktitle{Nature}}}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "49", number = "7", pages = "92--92", month = jul, year = "1996", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2807713", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", } @Article{Winterberg:1996:MHN, author = "Friedwardt Winterberg and G{\"u}nter Herrmann and Igor Fodor and Lincoln Wolfenstein and Mark E. Singer", title = "More on How {Nazi Germany} Failed to Develop the Atomic Bomb", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "49", number = "1", pages = "11--83", month = jan, year = "1996", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2807455", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Mon May 21 06:18:55 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", keywords = "Kurt Diebner; R. D{\"o}pel; Siegfried Fl{\"u}gge; Otto Robert Frisch; Samuel A. Goudsmit; Otto Hahn; Paul Harteck; Fritz Houtermans; Werner Heisenberg; Lise Meitner; Leo Szilard; Walter Trinks; Gottfried von Droste; Carl Friedrich von Weisz{\"a}cker", remark = "Five letters from scientists from Germany and the US with their views on why the Nazi uranium project failed to produce either a working reactor, or an atomic bomb. Winterberg, who was Heisenberg's student after the war, writes ``Another point worth mentioning is that it was Fritz Houtermans, not Leo Szilard, who had first suggested the possibility of a nuclear chain reaction with neutrons. This view is also shared by Soviet scientists who had known Houtermans well, because Houtermans had emigrated before the war to the Soviet Union and had been arrested there, but had returned to Germany around 1940 in a Soviet--German prisoners exchange and then had worked for the German uranium project. And it has been forgotten that simultaneously with Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch, Gottfried von Droste and Siegfried Fl{\"u}gge of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin had reached the same conclusion regarding the energy released in uranium fission, with their results being published in the Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physikalische Chemie.'' Yet it was Szilard who applied for, and received, a British patent on nuclear fission, and is usually credited by most historians as the first to conceive of a chain reaction. In retrospective, the notion of an exponential chain reaction seems likely to have occurred to at least several physicists.", subject-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968)", } @Article{Crawford:1997:KIP, author = "Elisabeth Crawford and Ruth Lewin Sime and Mark Walker", title = "{Die Kernspaltung und ihr Preis. Warum nur Otto Hahn den Nobelpreis erhielt, Otto Frisch, Lise Meitner und Fritz Stra{\ss}mann dagegen nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden}. ({German}) [{Fission} and its price. {Why} only {Otto Hahn} received the {Nobel Prize}: {Otto Frisch}, {Lise Meitner} and {Fritz Strassmann} are not taken into consideration]", journal = "{Kultur \& Technik. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Museums M{\"u}nchen}", volume = "21", number = "2", pages = "30--35", month = "????", year = "1997", ISSN = "0344-5690", ISSN-L = "0344-5690", bibdate = "Sun May 06 22:13:48 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "Translation from English by Dieter Beisel of \cite{Crawford:1996:NTW}.", URL = "http://www.deutsches-museum.de/fileadmin/Content/data/Insel/Information/KT/heftarchiv/1997/21-2-30.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, journal-URL = "http://www.deutsches-museum.de/verlag/kultur-technik/archiv/", language = "German", } @Book{Peierls:1997:AH, author = "{Sir} Rudolf Ernst Peierls", title = "Atomic Histories", volume = "18", publisher = pub-AIP, address = pub-AIP:adr, pages = "xvii + 378", year = "1997", ISBN = "1-56396-243-8 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-1-56396-243-1 (hardcover)", LCCN = "QC71 .P38 1997", bibdate = "Tue May 17 08:42:21 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://alsos.wlu.edu/; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "Masters of modern physics", abstract = "This book is a collection of Peierls' non-technical writings including reminiscences about his friends and colleagues, essays detailing his concerns about atomic energy and the arms race, and book reviews. Peierls and his fellow refugee Otto Frisch discovered that only a rather small amount of a pure fissionable isotope would be required for an explosive chain reaction. Peierls played an important role in the Manhattan Project in both England and the United States. His book provides firsthand descriptions and interpretations of some of the 20th century's most provocative scientific personalities, issues and events. It includes pieces on the famous men Bohr, Oppenheimer, Heisenberg, Frisch, Dirac, and many others. Other interesting essays include, ``The Jew in 20th Century Physics'', ``Microwave Cooking for `Foxes''', and ``Reminiscences of Cambridge in the Thirties''.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 June 1907--19 September 1995)", subject = "Physics; Nuclear physics", tableofcontents = "About the Series \\ Editor's Note \\ Preface \\ Rudi Peierls --- An Appreciation \\ A Physicist's Portrait Gallery \\ Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, 1900--1958 / 3 \\ Professor H. W. B. Skinner, F.R.S., 1900--1960 / 18 \\ An Appreciation of Niels Bohr / 21 \\ Truth and Clarity / 30 \\ Rutherford and Bohr / 33 \\ J. Robert Oppenheimer, 1904--1967 / 46 \\ The Growing Pains of Robert Oppenheimer / 56 \\ Heisenberg's Recollections / 61 \\ Werner Heisenberg, 1901--1976 / 67 \\ A Heisenberg Biography / 99 \\ The Bomb That Never Was / 108 \\ A Physicist Who Enjoys It / 117 \\ Otto Robert Frisch, 1904--1979 / 122 \\ Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, 1902--1984 / 141 \\ Dirac / 144 \\ Dirac's Way / 146 \\ Physics and Homi Bhabha / 149 \\ Two Mathematicians / 151 \\ Physicist Extraordinary / 159 \\ Landau in the 1930s / 162 \\ William George Penney, 1909--1991 / 166 \\ Conservative Revolutionary / 168 \\ Recollections of James Chadwick / 174 \\ Bell's Early Work / 182 \\ Atomic Energy and Arms Control \\ The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum / 187 \\ Defence Against the Atom Bomb / 195 \\ Atomic Energy: Threat and Promise / 198 \\ Britain in the Atomic Age / 210 \\ Limited Nuclear War? / 221 \\ Agonising Misappraisal / 223 \\ Reflections of a British Participant / 228 \\ Energy from Heaven and Earth / 233 \\ Memories of the Secret City / 237 \\ Counting Weapons / 240 \\ Fourty Years into the Atomic Age / 246 \\ The Case for the Defence / 254 \\ The Making of the Atomic Bomb / 257 \\ Nuclear Weapons: How Did We Get There, and Where Are We Going? / 264 \\ Atomic History / 269 \\ ``In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer'' / 272 \\ ``Security'' Troubles / 282 \\ Physics, Politics, and Pleasures \\ The Concept of the Positron / 289 \\ The Scientist in Public Affairs: Between the Ivory Tower and the Arena / 295 \\ Born--Einstein Correspondence / 300 \\ Is There a Crisis in Science? / 304 \\ The Jew in Twentieth-Century Physics / 312 \\ From Winchester to Orion / 322 \\ The Physicists / 327 \\ Fact and Fancy in Physics / 332 \\ What Einstein Did / 338 \\ Reminiscences of Cambridge in the Thirties / 345 \\ Struggling with Quantum Mechanics / 351 \\ Kapitza Detained / 353 \\ Does Physics Ever Come to an End? / 355 \\ Microwave Cooking for ``Foxes'' / 360 \\ First Encounter with English Food / 362 \\ Acknowledgments / 365 \\ Subject Index / 373", } @Article{Andersen:1998:CSR, author = "Hanne Andersen", title = "Characteristics of scientific revolutions", journal = j-ENDEAVOUR, volume = "22", number = "1", pages = "3--6", month = jan, year = "1998", CODEN = "ENDEAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(98)01093-x", ISSN = "0160-9327 (print), 1873-1929 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0160-9327", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", URL = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016093279801093X", fjournal = "Endeavour", journal-URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01609327", keywords = "Lise Meitner; Otto Robert Frisch", } @Book{Rose:1998:HNA, author = "Paul Lawrence Rose", title = "{Heisenberg} and the {Nazi} atomic bomb project: a study in {German} culture", publisher = pub-U-CALIFORNIA-PRESS, address = pub-U-CALIFORNIA-PRESS:adr, pages = "xx + 352", year = "1998", ISBN = "0-520-21077-8, 0-585-32190-6 (e-book)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-520-21077-6, 978-0-585-32190-5 (e-book)", LCCN = "QC16.H35 R67 1998", bibdate = "Thu Aug 9 07:05:25 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "http://preterhuman.net/texts/religion.occult.new_age/occult.conspiracy.and.related/Rose,%20Paul%20Lawrence%20-%20Heisenberg%20and%20the%20Nazi%20Atomic%20Bomb%20Project.pdf; http://www.scribd.com/doc/176628605/Rose-Paul-Lawrence-Heisenberg-and-the-Nazi-Atomic-Bomb-Project", abstract = "Digging deep into the archival record among formerly secret technical reports, Rose examines early thinking about the atomic bomb not only on the German side but also among Allied scientists. He finds that the early history of fission bomb physics had no shortage of false starts and fumbles in both camps. But, whereas the Allied physicists' ideas crystallized into a realistic prospect for a bomb toward the end of 1940. Heisenberg's basic misconceptions persisted, influencing the German leaders not to push for atomic weapons. In fact, Heisenberg never had to face the moral problem of whether he should design an actual bomb for the Nazi regime. Rose's exploration of the German mentality that made it quite reasonable for ``unpolitical'' scientists to support the regime in power, whatever its form, shows the extent to which Heisenberg and others could devote themselves to research they regarded as patriotic.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Heisenberg, Werner; Physicists; Political activity; Atomic bomb; Germany; History; Politics and government; 1933--1945", subject-dates = "1901--1976", tableofcontents = "Preface: Why Heisenberg? \\ A Note on Historical Terminology of the First Nuclear Age, 1939--45 \\ Prologue: The Heisenberg Problem: Deception and Self-Deception \\ Part I. History: The Heisenberg Version and Its Critics. \\ 1. The Heisenberg Version and Its First Critic, 1945--49. \\ 2. Elaborating the Heisenberg Version, 1945--76. \\ 3. Criticizing the Version, 1948--94 \\ Part II. Science: Conceptions and Misconceptions of Physics. \\ 4. The Atomic Bomb Problem, 1939. \\ 5. The Frisch--Peierls Solution, 1940. \\ 6. Heisenberg's False Foundations, 1939. \\ 7. The Bomb as Reactor: The U[subscript 235] Bomb Misconceived, 1940. \\ 8. The Reactor as Bomb: Explosive Reactor-Bombs, 1940. \\ 9. The Reactor and the Bomb: Plutonium, 1940--41. \\ 10. The Reactor-Bomb Patent and the Heisenberg/Bohr Drawing, 1941. \\ 11. The Weapons Research Office Report of 1942: Plutonium and the Reactor-Bomb. \\ 12. The Two Conferences of 1942: Loose Details, Non-decisions, and Pineapples. \\ 13. Reactor-Bombs, Plutonium Bombs, and the SS: The Report of Activities of 1944. \\ 14. The Truth: Farm Hall, August 1945 \\ Part III. Culture: German Patriotism, German Morality, and the Truth of Physics. \\ 15. The German Context: Unpolitical Politics. \\ 16. The Unpolitical Heisenberg: Patriot and Physicist, 1918--33. \\ 17. Collusion and Compromise under Hitler, 1933--37. \\ 18. The Himmler Connection: Heisenberg's ``Honor,'' 1937--44. \\ 19. Justifying Nazi Victory, 1941--45. \\ 20. Decency and Indecency at Farm Hall, 1945. \\ 21. Heisenberg's Peculiar Way, 1945--48", } @Book{Medawar:1999:HGS, author = "Jean S. Medawar and David Pyke", title = "{Hitler}'s Gift: Scientists Who Fled {Nazi Germany}", publisher = "Richard Cohen Books and the European Jewish Publication Society", address = "London, UK", pages = "xx + 268", year = "1999", ISBN = "1-86066-172-6", ISBN-13 = "978-1-86066-172-3", LCCN = "Q141 .M385 1999", bibdate = "Sat Aug 22 12:55:27 MDT 2015", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/notes-rec-r-soc-lond.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Jewish scientists; Germany; Great Britain; United States; Science and state; History; 20th century; National socialism and science; Science", tableofcontents = "Acknowledgements / vii \\ List of Illustrations / ix \\ Foreword by Dr Max Perutz OM FRS / xi \\ Introduction / xv \\ German Science Before Hitler / 1 \\ The Coming of the Nazis / 15 \\ Einstein / 31 \\ Rescuers / 49 \\ Refugees to Britain --- Physicists / 69 \\ Refugees to Britain Biologists and Chemists / 95 \\ Refugees to the United States / 131 \\ Those Who Stayed / 157 \\ Internment / 191 \\ The Bomb / 211 \\ Epilogue / 231 \\ Appendix I: Nobel Prize Winners Who Left Their Universities / 241 \\ Appendix II: The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum / 243 \\ Appendix III: `That Was the War: Enemy Alien' / 247 \\ Selected Bibliography / 257 \\ Notes / 259 \\ Index / 263", } @Article{Arnold:2000:RBK, author = "Lorna Arnold", title = "Recalling {Britain}'s key nuclear role", journal = j-PHYS-WORLD, volume = "13", number = "2", pages = "17--18", month = feb, year = "2000", CODEN = "PHWOEW", ISSN = "0953-8585 (print), 2058-7058 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0953-8585", bibdate = "Fri Sep 29 07:50:03 2017", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://stacks.iop.org/2058-7058/13/i=2/a=18", abstract = "Reading Robert Crease's interesting account of the Manhattan Project in the special millennium issue (December 1999 pp59--63), I was surprised by the absence of some crucial parts of the story. In particular, there was no mention of the seminal paper by Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls in February 1940, nor of the 1941 Maud report, and nothing about British scientists who worked on the Manhattan Project between 1943 and 1946.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics World", journal-URL = "http://physicsworldarchive.iop.org/", } @Misc{Gregory:2000:BB, author = "David Gregory", title = "{Brum} and the Bomb", howpublished = "BBC News Web story.", day = "17", month = feb, year = "2000", bibdate = "Tue May 01 07:56:43 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", URL = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/643913.stm", abstract = "Although the Americans have claimed much of the credit for developing the atomic bomb, another story is emerging. Scientists and researchers in wartime Birmingham did much of the original, groundbreaking work which was to change the world. In the spring of 1940 two Jewish scientists, Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls, arrived in Birmingham having fled from Nazi Germany", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Rotblat:2000:PJR, author = "Joseph Rotblat", title = "My early years as a physicist in {Poland}: a talk given to the {Group} on {Monday 8th March 1999}", journal = "IOP History of Physics Group Newsletter", volume = "13", pages = "9--23", month = "Spring", year = "2000", ISSN = "1756-168X", ISSN-L = "1756-168X", bibdate = "Sat May 05 14:41:34 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.iop.org/activity/groups/subject/hp/newsletter/archive/file_66506.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "From page 21: ``Robert Frisch told us later that when he told Bohr about this, Bohr smote his forehead and said, `Oh, what idiots we've all been. Oh, but this is wonderful --- it is just as it must be.' But of course after the discovery, it s easy to say: this is how it must be!''", } @Article{Schwarzschild:2000:BHS, author = "Bertram Schwarzschild", title = "{Bohr--Heisenberg Symposium} Marks {Broadway} Opening of {{\booktitle{Copenhagen}}}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "53", number = "5", pages = "51--52", month = may, year = "2000", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.883076", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 12 15:15:45 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://link.aip.org/link/phtoad/v53/i5/p51/s1", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", keywords = "Copenhagen; Hans Bethe; Michael Frayn; Niels Bohr; Werner Heisenberg", remark-1 = "From page 51: ``In America, Hungarian refugee Leo Szilard, talking in 1942 to the chemical engineers who manufactured commercial graphite, discovered that the offending impurity was boron, and that enough of it could be removed to make graphite bricks sufficiently pure for reactors. In Germany, with its hierarchical ways, Bethe asserted, no physicist would have deigned to consult a chemical engineer. Once you have working reactors --- something Heisenberg and his colleagues never achieved during the war --- you can make fissile plutonium, which, unlike U235, can be separated chemically.''", remark-2 = "From page 51: ``If Heisenberg did attempt to calculate the critical mass in earlier days --- itself an unsettled historical issue --- the fact that he got it wrong puts him in good company. Session cochair Spencer Weart reminded the audience that even Fermi got it wrong. `The first to get it right,' he said, `were Peierls and Frisch' in England.''", remark-3 = "From page 52: ``\ldots{} a 1947 letter from Born to his son Gustav, describing a postwar conversation with Heisenberg: `His philosophy of life is definitely somewhat infected by Nazi ideas. He has a kind of `biological' creed, `survival of the fittest,' applied to human relations and seems to regret more that the Germans have not turned out to be the fittest, than what we regard to be the sad and regrettable things.'''", } @Book{Medawar:2001:HGT, author = "J. S. Medawar and David Pyke", title = "{Hitler}'s Gift: the True Story of the Scientists Expelled by the {Nazi} Regime", publisher = "Arcade Publishing", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "xx + 268", year = "2001", ISBN = "1-55970-564-7", ISBN-13 = "978-1-55970-564-6", LCCN = "Q141 .M385 2001", bibdate = "Sat Aug 22 12:55:27 MDT 2015", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Foreword by Max Perutz.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, shorttableofcontents = "German science before Hitler \\ The coming of the Nazis \\ Einstein \\ Rescuers \\ Refugees to Britain --- physicists \\ Refugees to Britain --- biologists and chemists \\ Refugees to the United States \\ Those who stayed \\ Internment \\ The bomb", subject = "Jewish scientists; Germany; Great Britain; United States; Science and state; History; 20th century; National socialism and science; Science", tableofcontents = "Acknowledgements / vii \\ List of Illustrations / ix \\ Foreword by Dr Max Perutz OM FRS / xi \\ Introduction / xv \\ I German Science Before Hitler / 1 \\ 2 The Coming of the Nazis / 15 \\ 3 Einstein / 31 \\ 4 Rescuers / 49 \\ 5 Refugees to Britain --- Physicists / 69 \\ 6 Refugees to Britain --- Biologists and Chemists / 95 \\ 7 Refugees to the United States / 131 \\ 8 Those Who Stayed / 157 \\ 9 Internment / 191 \\ IO The Bomb / 211 \\ Epilogue / 231 \\ Appendix I: Nobel Prize Winners Who Left Their Universities / 241 \\ Appendix II: The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum / 243 \\ Appendix III: `That Was the War: Enemy Alien' / 247 \\ Selected Bibliography / 257 \\ Notes / 259 \\ Index / 263", } @Article{Bernstein:2002:HCM, author = "Jeremy Bernstein", title = "{Heisenberg} and the critical mass", journal = j-AMER-J-PHYSICS, volume = "70", number = "9", pages = "911--916", month = sep, year = "2002", CODEN = "AJPIAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1495409", ISSN = "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0002-9505", bibdate = "Tue Jul 30 15:09:27 2013a", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib", URL = "http://link.aip.org/link/?AJP/70/911/1", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "American Journal of Physics", journal-URL = "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp", keywords = "fission of uranium; history; nuclear explosions; weapons", remark = "This paper is based on the \booktitle{Los Alamos Primer} \cite{Serber:1992:APF}. It shows in detail how the critical mass for nuclear fission is computed, and why it is so sensitive to model parameters. Because fission of a kilogram of uranium-235 occurs in about 1 microsec, there is no humanly-possible recovery from an error in bomb assembly if the critical mass is inadvertently reached. The paper discusses Heisenberg's role in the German nuclear program in World War II, and why he had not attempted to estimate the critical mass before a lecture at Farm Hall, near Cambridge, England, where he was interned with other key German members of the project, after news arrived of the dropping of two atomic bombs on Japan in August 1945.", } @Article{Byers:2002:FS, author = "N. Byers", title = "{Fermi} and {Szilard}", journal = "ArXiv Physics e-prints", month = jul, year = "2002", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002physics...7094B", abstract = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard worked together at Columbia in 1939--40, just after nuclear fission was discovered, to ascertain the feasibility of a nuclear chain reaction, and then on the construction of the first nuclear reactor. Szilard believed a nuclear bomb could be built, and that the Germans may be doing so, but Fermi was sceptical. The Anglo--American project to build a bomb began late in 1941 after Oliphant brought the Frisch--Peierls memorandum to the attention of U. S. physicists. Szilard recalled ``On matters scientific or technical there was rarely any disagreement [but] Fermi and I disagreed from the very start of our collaboration about every issue that involved not science but principles of action in the face of the approaching war. If the nation owes us gratitude --- and it may not --- it does so for having stuck it out together as long as was necessary.'' As the war with Germany was drawing to a close and the successful construction of the atomic bombs was well underway, these two men took opposing positions regarding use of the bombs.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, eprint = "arXiv:physics/0207094", keywords = "Physics --- History of Physics, Physics --- Physics and Society", } @Article{Arnold:2003:HNW, author = "Lorna Arnold", title = "The history of nuclear weapons: The {Frisch--Peierls} memorandum on the possible construction of atomic bombs of {February 1940}", journal = j-COLD-WAR-HIST, volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "111--126", year = "2003", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/14682740312331391658", ISSN = "1468-2745 (print), 1743-7962 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1468-2745", bibdate = "Thu Apr 25 12:38:08 MDT 2024", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cold-war-hist.bib", URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14682740312331391658", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Cold War History", journal-URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fcwh20", } @Book{Walker:2003:OHV, author = "Mark Walker", title = "{Otto Hahn: Verantwortung und Verdr{\"a}ngung}. ({German}) [{Otto Hahn}: responsibility and repression]", publisher = "Forschungsprogramm ,,Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus'' (Research Program ``History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in the National Socialist Era'')", address = "Berlin, Germany", pages = "64", year = "2003", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Sun May 06 22:03:23 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib", URL = "www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/KWG/Ergebnisse/Ergebnisse10.pdf", abstract = "Otto Hahn is an important figure in the history of modern science, both for his research on radiation throughout the first half of the twentieth century, and his post-World War II position as president of the Max Planck Society and leading scientist in West Germany. However, Hahn and his science have been overshadowed by the controversy generated by his Nobel Prize, and the fact that his colleague Lise Meitner did not share it. This article places Hahn in perspective by embedding him in the context of his research, administration, and science policy under National Socialism and beyond. The result is a scientist and administrator who kept himself relatively ``morally upright'' during the National Socialist period, but who did make concessions to the regime and placed his own work and that of his institute in the service of military research within the uranium project. After the war, when Hahn was free to speak his mind, he failed to confront the reality of science under National Socialism and instead promoted a false picture of his own work and of the science at the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in general as having been basic research, untainted by National Socialism or the Second World War.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Albert Einstein; Alsos Mission; atomic bomb; Carl Friedrich von Weizs{\"a}cker; Ernst Telschow; Farm Hall; FIAT reports; Fritz Haber; Fritz Strassmann; German uranium project; Gottfried von Droste; Heinrich H{\"o}rlein; Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry; Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry; Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics; Kaiser Wilhelm Society; Lise Meitner; Max Planck Society; Max von Laue; National Socialism; National Socialist institutions; Nazi Germany; Nobel Prizes; nuclear energy; nuclear fission; nuclear reactor; Otto Hahn; Otto Robert Frisch; Samuel Goudsmit; Second World War; Siegfried Fl{\"u}gge; Werner Heisenberg", language = "German", remark = "Abstract in German and English; book in German. English edition in \cite{Walker:2006:OHR}", tableofcontents = "Kurzfassung/Abstract / 4 \\ I. Einleitung / 5 \\ II. Hahn unter Hitler / 7 \\ III. Blitzkrieg / 19 \\ IV. Am Vorabend von Hiroshima / 29 \\ V. Was bedeutet der Name? / 33 \\ VI. Der Nobelpreis / 50 \\ VII. Schlu{\ss}folgerung / 53 \\ Quellen / 55 \\ Literatur / 56 \\ Index / 61 \\ Autor / 62", } @InCollection{Peierls:2004:FOR, author = "Rudolf Peierls and Xavier Roqu{\'e}", booktitle = "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", title = "{Frisch, Otto Robert} (1904--1979), physicist", publisher = pub-OXFORD, address = pub-OXFORD:adr, pages = "??--??", year = "2004", URL = "https://www.oxforddnb.com/search?q=Frisch%2C+Otto+Robert+%281904%E2%80%931979%29%2C+physicist", bibdate = "Thu May 02 09:05:10 2024", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{West:2004:MCG, author = "Nigel West", title = "Mortal crimes: the greatest theft in history: {Soviet} penetration of the {Manhattan Project}", publisher = "Enigma Books", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "xxii + 279 + 16", year = "2004", ISBN = "1-929631-29-4 (hardcover), 1-936274-82-5 (e-book)", ISBN-13 = "978-1-929631-29-2 (hardcover), 978-1-936274-82-6 (e-book)", LCCN = "UB271.R9 W47 2004", bibdate = "Sat Mar 14 12:26:03 MDT 2015", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "(1953?--.)", subject = "Projet Manhattan.; Bombe atomique; {\'E}tats-Unis; 20e si{\`e}cle.; Espionnage sovi{\'e}tique; Services de renseignements; URSS.; Communistes", tableofcontents = "Acknowledgments / xi \\ Abbreviations / xiii \\ Preface / xv \\ I: The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum / 1 \\ II: Anglo--American Cooperation / 25 \\ III: Beria's XY Solution / 43 \\ IV: Chalk River, Oak Ridge and Hanford / 81 \\ V: Penetrating Los Alamos / 84 \\ VI: The XY Rezidentura / 102 \\ VII: Venona Part 1 Theodore Hall and Klaus Fuchs / 116 \\ VIII: Venona Part 2 The Rosenberg Network / 139 \\ IX: Venona Part 3 The Pers Mystery / 161 \\ X: Venona Part 4 Oppenheimer and the Others / 180 \\ XI: Nobel Espionage / 227 \\ XII: The Canadian Connection / 232 \\ Conclusion / 245 \\ Appendices / 249 \\ Notes / 256 \\ Bibliography / 261 \\ Index / 265", } @Article{Bartholomew:2005:ERO, author = "James R. Bartholomew", title = "Essay Review: One Hundred Years of the {Nobel Science Prizes}: {Elisabeth Crawford (Editor). \booktitle{Historical Studies in the Nobel Archives: The Prizes in Science and Medicine}. viii + 161 pp., Tokyo: Universal Academy Press, 2002. Elisabeth Crawford. \booktitle{The Nobel Population, 1901--1950: A Census of the Nominators and Nominees for the Prizes in Physics and Chemistry}. vi + 420 pp., Tokyo: Universal Academy Press, 2002. Mauro Dardo. \booktitle{Nobel Laureates and Twentieth-Century Physics}. x + 515 pp., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Robert Marc Friedman. \booktitle{The Politics of Excellence: Behind the Nobel Prize in Science}. xv + 400 pp., notes, index. New York: W. H. Freeman, 2001. Istv{\'a}n Hargittai. \booktitle{The Road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists}. xvii + 342 pp., Oxford\slash New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. George Thomas Kurian. \booktitle{The Nobel Scientists: A Biographical Encyclopedia}. 675 pp., Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2002}", journal = j-ISIS, volume = "96", number = "4", pages = "625--632", month = dec, year = "2005", CODEN = "ISISA4", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1086/498605", ISSN = "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0021-1753", bibdate = "Tue Jul 30 21:31:33 MDT 2013", bibsource = "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis; http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/isis.2005.96.issue-4; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis2000.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/498605; http://www.jstor.org/stable/3652242", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Isis", journal-URL = "http://www.jstor.org/journal/isis", remark = "This essay has a nice comparison of six recent books on the Nobel Prizes, how they are awarded, and why sometimes deserving, and frequently-nominated, individuals never receive the Prize. On page 629, Bartholomew reports: ``Friedman shows that Sweden's greatest scientist of the early twentieth century [Svante August Arrhenius (19 February 1859--2 October 1927)] was almost uniquely influential in the selection of laureates and single-handedly blocked Nobel awards to Dmitri Mendeleev, Henri Poincar{\'e}, Gilbert Newton Lewis, and --- very nearly --- Walther Nernst. And he did so at least in part because each of these candidates had criticized some aspect of his own work or, in Poincar{\'e}'s case, had allied himself with the king-maker's critics in Sweden.'' He then remarks ``But if a prize were delayed, or never awarded at all, under the statutes of the Nobel institution there was an opportunity for Nobel committee members to divert the interest income from such prizes to their own projects; and this sometimes proved a major temptation. Apart from some of the wartime years, when difficult conditions existed, there were no awards in medicine for 1921 or 1925; none in chemistry for 1919, 1924, or 1933; and none in physics for 1931 or 1934.''\par On page 630, Bartholomew comments: ``And as the Swedish debate over quantum physics indicates, Swedish scientists had their biases. The very conservative outlook of the Uppsala University physicists who dominated the physics committee at the time had a considerable impact on Einstein's candidacy; the committee thus based his 1921 award on his discovery of the law of the photo-electric effect, rather than on his relativity studies.''\par On page 630, Bartholomew says of Hargittai's book: ``The issue of women has acquired special salience because of the exclusion of Lise Meitner [with Otto Robert Frisch, the first to propose a theory of nuclear fission] from the 1945 chemistry award and that of Jocelyn Bell [co-discoverer of radio pulsars] from the 1974 physics award. Many believe that Rosalind Franklin should have received greater recognition for her contribution to the successful modeling of DNA, which received the Nobel Prize in 1962. Whatever else may explain these outcomes, the absence of women from the Nobel committees that operated during the first half of the twentieth century (and perhaps later) could not have helped the prospect of success for qualified women.''\par On page 631, Bartholomew reports a remark from page 191 of Hargittai's book: ``It is noteworthy how often people find it difficult to have their (eventually) Nobel Prize winning papers accepted for publication in the most prestigious journals.''", xxnote = "See \cite{Crawford:1987:NPC,Crawford:1992:NIS,Friedman:2001:PEB,Crawford:2002:HSN,Hargittai:2002:RSN,Kurian:2002:NSB,Dardo:2004:NLT}.", } @Book{Rife:2006:LMD, author = "Patricia Rife", title = "{Lise Meitner} and the dawn of the nuclear age", publisher = pub-BIRKHAUSER, address = pub-BIRKHAUSER:adr, pages = "????", year = "2006", ISBN = "0-8176-4559-4 (softcover), 0-8176-3732-X (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-8176-4559-5 (softcover), 978-0-8176-3732-3 (hardcover)", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Jun 29 06:05:54 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Foreword by John Archibald Wheeler.", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0812/2006935949-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0812/2006935949-t.html", abstract = "Lise Meitner was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in physics at the University of Vienna, a pioneer in the research of radioactive processes and, together with her nephew Otto Robert Frisch, an interpreter of the process of nuclear fission in 1938. She was a colleague and friend of many of the giants of 20th century physics: Max Planck, her Berlin mentor; Albert Einstein; Max von Laue; and Niels Bohr, to mention only a few. Yet at the end of World War II, her colleague of thirty years, radiochemist Otto Hahn alone was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize in chemistry for the ''discovery`` of nuclear fission - a discovery based on years of research in which Meitner was directly involved before her secret escape from Nazi Germany.'' ``In this biography, Patricia Rife interprets both the life and times of Lise Meitner (1878-1968), providing a rich background of the scientific discoveries and social milieu that affected the research, events, personalities, and politics of 20th century quantum physics. Rife asks the central question of why, given the historical evidence of Meitner's role in the interpretation of nuclear fission, was she too not awarded the Nobel Prize?", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, tableofcontents = "Foreword / John Archibald Wheeler \\ I. Choosing the Path of Physics: 1878--1906 \\ II. Berlin: 1907--1909 \\ III. New Explorations at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute: 1909--1914 \\ IV. World War I and Its Consequences: 1914--1920 \\ V. Shadows Lengthen: The Struggle Out of the Causal Chain, 1920--1932 \\ VI. Science in Nazi Germany: 1933--1936 \\ VII. The Transuranic Maze: 1934--1938 \\ VIII. Escape from Nazi Germany: 1938 \\ IX. The Discovery and Interpretation of Fission: 1938 \\ X. The News of Fission Spreads: 1939 \\ XI. Chain Reaction and the Dawn of the Nuclear Age: 1939 \\ XII. Secrecy and Code Names: War Research Surrounding Nuclear Fission, 1939--1942 \\ XIII. The Dark Days of War: 1941--1945 \\ XIV. The Atomic Bomb, a Trip to Washington, and the Nobel Prize Controversy: 1945--1946 \\ Epilogue. What Scientists Will Make of This Newly Found Knowledge: 1947--1968", } @Article{Walker:2006:OHR, author = "Mark Walker", title = "{Otto Hahn}: Responsibility and Repression", journal = j-PHYS-PERSPECT, volume = "8", number = "2", pages = "116--163", month = may, year = "2006", CODEN = "PHPEF2", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-006-0277-3", ISSN = "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1422-6944", bibdate = "Thu Jun 27 20:50:19 MDT 2013", bibsource = "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=1422-6944&volume=8&issue=2; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib", URL = "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00016-006-0277-3", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics in Perspective (PIP)", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/16", keywords = "Albert Einstein; Alsos Mission; atomic bomb; Carl Friedrich von Weizs{\"a}cker; Ernst Telschow; Farm Hall; FIAT reports; Fritz Haber; Fritz Strassmann; German uranium project; Gottfried von Droste; Heinrich H{\"o}rlein; Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry; Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry; Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics; Kaiser Wilhelm Society; Lise Meitner; Max Planck Society; Max von Laue; National Socialism; National Socialist institutions; Nazi Germany; Nobel Prizes; nuclear energy; nuclear fission; nuclear reactor; Otto Hahn; Otto Robert Frisch; Samuel Goudsmit; Second World War; Siegfried Fl{\"u}gge; Werner Heisenberg", remark = "English edition of \cite{Walker:2003:OHV}.", } @Article{Lee:2007:REP, author = "Sabine Lee", title = "{Rudolf Ernst Peierls. 5 June 1907--19 September 1995}", journal = j-BIOGRAPH-MEMOIRS-FELLOWS-ROY-SOC, volume = "53", pages = "265--284", year = "2007", CODEN = "BMFRA3", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2007.0003", ISSN = "0080-4606 (print), 1748-8494 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0080-4606", bibdate = "Tue Apr 24 08:26:31 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", URL = "http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/53/265; http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2009/05/01/53.0.265.DC1", abstract = "Born into an assimilated Jewish family in Berlin in the early twentieth century, Rudolf Peierls studied theoretical physics with many of the greatest minds within the physics community, including Sommerfeld, Heisenberg, Pauli and Bohr. His Jewish background made a career in Germany all but impossible, and Rudolf Peierls and his Russian-born wife, Genia, settled in the UK, where Peierls took up a professorship in mathematical physics at Birmingham in 1937. Peierls's discovery, together with his Birmingham colleague Otto Frisch, of the theoretical feasibility of an atomic weapon based on a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was instrumental in the setting up of the UK government committee studying the possibility of manufacturing nuclear weapons. Peierls continued to contribute to the British and later to the British--American--Canadian effort to produce an atomic bomb, and he became group leader of the implosion group at Los Alamos. After the war Peierls returned to the UK and he built a world-class school of theoretical physics at Birmingham before moving on to Oxford in 1963. Like many of his colleagues who had contributed to the development of nuclear weapons, Peierls devoted much of his time and energy to the control of these weapons, to nuclear disarmament and to the promotion of greater understanding between East and West, most notably through his activities within the framework of the Pugwash Movement.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, eprint = "http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/53/265.full.pdf", fjournal = "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society", journal-URL = "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00804606.html; https://royalsocietypublishing.org/loi/rsbm", } @Book{Neffe:2007:EB, author = "J{\"u}rgen Neffe", title = "{Einstein}: a biography", publisher = pub-FARRAR, address = pub-FARRAR:adr, pages = "x + 461 + 16", year = "2007", ISBN = "0-374-14664-0 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-374-14664-1 (hardcover)", LCCN = "QC16.E5 N4413 2007", bibdate = "Mon Aug 20 15:56:01 MDT 2007", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90", note = "Translated by Shelley Frisch from the original German edition {\em Einstein: eine Biographie} (ISBN 3-498-04685-3, 3-499-61937-7) \cite{Neffe:2005:EBG,Neffe:2006:EBG}.", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0705/2006026136-b.", abstract = "A rich portrait of the remarkable man behind the legendary scientist that also describes and contextualizes Einstein's enormous contributions to science.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Also available in Czech (ISBN 80-7203-742-0), Dutch (ISBN 90-259-5551-7), and Norwegian (ISBN 82-7694-193-1) translations.", subject = "Einstein, Albert; Physicists; Biography", subject-dates = "Albert Einstein (1879--1955)", tableofcontents = "Translator's preface \\ Prologue: The immortal: Einstein's secret \\ His second birth: the fateful year 1919 \\ How Albert became Einstein: the psychological makeup of a genius \\ ``A new era!'': from industrialist's son to inventor \\ Of dwarfs and giants: a brief history of science, according to Einstein \\ The burden of inheritance: Einstein detectives in action \\ ``Elsa or Ilse'': the physicist and the women \\ The miraculous path to the miraculous year: Einstein's angels \\ Squaring the light: why Einstein had to discover the theory of relativity \\ Why is the sky blue?: Einstein --- a career \\ ``Dear boys \ldots{} your Papa'': the drama of the brilliant father \\ Anatomy of a discovery: how Einstein found the general theory of relativity \\ Lambda lives: Einstein, ``Chief engineer of the universe'' \\ Spacetime quakes: the theory of relativity put to the test \\ His best foe: Einstein, Germany, and politics \\ ``I am not a tiger'': Einstein, the human side \\ A Jew named Albert: his God was a principle \\ The end justifies the doubts: Einstein and quantum theory \\ Of the magnitude of failure: the quest for the unified theory \\ From Barbaria to Dollaria: Einstein's America \\ ``People are a bad invention'': Einstein, the atomic bomb, McCarthy, and the end", } @InCollection{Sime:2007:SAE, author = "Ruth Lewin Sime", title = "The Search for Artificial Elements and the Discovery of Nuclear Fission", crossref = "Reinhardt:2007:CSC", pages = "146--159", year = "2007", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527612734.ch08", bibdate = "Tue Jun 12 09:43:55 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", URL = "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9783527612734.ch08", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Smolin:2007:OEB, author = "Lee Smolin", title = "The other {Einstein}: {{\booktitle{Einstein: His Life and Universe}} by Walter Isaacson. \booktitle{Einstein: A Biography} by J{\"u}rgen Neffe, translated from the German by Shelley Frisch. \booktitle{Subtle Is the Lord: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein} by Abraham Pais. \booktitle{The Private Lives of Albert Einstein} by Roger Highfield and Paul Carter. \booktitle{Einstein in Love: A Scientific Romance} by Dennis Overbye. \booktitle{Einstein's Clocks, Poincar{\'e}'s Maps: Empires of Time} by Peter Galison. \booktitle{Einstein on Politics} edited by David Rowe and Robert Schulmann. \booktitle{Einstein on Race and Racism} by Fred Jerome and Rodger Taylor. \booktitle{The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein} by Albert Einstein}", journal = j-NEW-YORK-REV-BOOKS, volume = "54", number = "10", pages = "76--??", day = "14", month = jun, year = "2007", ISSN = "0028-7504 (print), 1944-7744 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-7504", bibdate = "Tue Jun 11 13:52:21 MDT 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2007/jun/14/the-other-einstein/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New York Review of Books", journal-URL = "http://www.nybooks.com/issues/", } @Article{Ellmer:2008:DEK, author = "Reinhold Ellmer", title = "{Die drei Entdecker der Kernspaltung}. ({German}) [{The} three discovers of nuclear fission]", journal = j-NACHR-CHEM, volume = "56", number = "12", pages = "1241--1243", month = dec, year = "2008", CODEN = "NACHFB", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1002/nadc.200861802", ISSN = "1439-9598 (print), 1868-0054 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1868-0054", bibdate = "Mon Jun 11 09:37:36 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", note = "See response \cite{Tromel:2009:VEK}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Nachrichten aus der Chemie}", journal-URL = "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1868-0054", language = "German", } @Article{Stanley:2008:BRE, author = "Matthew Stanley", title = "Book Reviews: {Einstein: Essence or Explanation? \booktitle{Einstein: His Life and Universe}, by Walter Isaacson. New York: Simon \& Schuster, 2007. xxii + 675 pp., illus., index. \$32 (cloth). \booktitle{Einstein: A Biography}, by J{\"u}rgen Neffe. Trans. Shelley Frisch. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2007. x + 461 pp., illus., index. \$30 (cloth). \booktitle{Einstein on Politics}. David E. Rowe and Robert Schulmann, ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. xxxiv + 523 pp., illus., index. \$29.95 (cloth)}", journal = j-HIST-STUD-NAT-SCI, volume = "38", number = "1", pages = "153--161", month = feb, year = "2008", CODEN = "????", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2008.38.1.153", ISSN = "1939-1811 (print), 1939-182X (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1939-182X", bibdate = "Tue Sep 28 15:08:41 MDT 2010", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hsns.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences", journal-URL = "http://www.jstor.org/journals/19391811.html", } @Article{Habashi:2009:INM, author = "Fathi Habashi", title = "{Ida Noddack} and the missing elements", journal = j-EDU-CHEM, volume = "46", number = "2", pages = "48--51", month = mar, year = "2009", CODEN = "EDCHAU", ISSN = "0013-1350 (print), 1749-5326 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0013-1350", bibdate = "Sun Aug 16 11:25:55 2015", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://www.rsc.org/education/eic/issues/2009March/ida-noddack-rhenium-nuclear-fission.asp", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Education in Chemistry", journal-URL = "http://www.rsc.org/eic/e-magazine", remark = "Ida Noddack may have been the first scientist to predict transuranic elements, and atomic fission, in print, but her prediction in \cite{Noddack:1934:EGE} was not widely known to physicists. See remarks in entry \cite{Frisch:1967:DFH}. Two decades earlier, however, Frederick Soddy inspired novelist H. G. Wells to write a book \cite{Wells:1914:WSF} in which atomic weapons destroy the world.", } @Article{Milonni:2009:TPL, author = "Dr. P. W. Milonni", title = "{{\booktitle{Take a photon \ldots}} (1965) by O. R. Frisch}", journal = j-CONTEMP-PHYS, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "57--57", year = "2009", CODEN = "CTPHAF", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00107510802703157", ISSN = "0010-7514 (print), 1366-5812 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0010-7514", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 20:08:06 MST 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Contemporary Physics", journal-URL = "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20", } @Article{Rowlands:2009:LC, author = "Peter Rowlands", title = "The {Liverpool} Cyclotrons", journal = "IOP History of Physics Newsletter", volume = "25", number = "", pages = "31--46", month = feb, year = "2009", ISSN = "1756-168X", ISSN-L = "1756-168X", bibdate = "Sat May 05 15:04:37 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib", URL = "http://www.iop.org/activity/groups/subject/hp/newsletter/archive/file_64509.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark-1 = "From page 38: ``The important thing now was to measure the cross-sections for the two natural uranium isotopes, U-235 and U-238, as accurately as possible, and Chadwick recruited Otto Frisch to complement Rotblat, Pickavance, Holt, Pryce, Rowlands and Moore. Frisch was still, theoretically, an enemy alien, and there are many amusing stories about his breaking the rules by straying outside the city limits, by venturing out during the dark, and by riding a bicycle, with or without headlights, sometimes all on the same occasion. Frisch proved to be a particularly inventive member of the team, and in rapid succession he produced the gridded ion chamber, improvements to scale-of-two counter circuits, and the first automatic pulse height analyser.''", remark-2 = "From page 38: ``On the evening of 18 March 1941, while Rowlands and Pryce were on fire-watching duty on the balcony of the Victoria Tower, a parachute carrying a land mine descended into the University courtyard, carrying a ton or so of high explosive, and reduced the Engineering Building (Harrison Hughes) to rubble. Chadwick asked John Holt to discreetly take a Geiger counter to the site to see if there were detectable radiations, caused by a nuclear explosion!''", remark-3 = "From page 39: ``By April 1941, Chadwick was able to inform the Maud Technical Committee that a critical mass for U-235 would be 8 kg or less.''", remark-4 = "From page 39: ``Chadwick also sought to obtain the services of Niels Bohr in occupied Denmark, and microdot messages were sent between them smuggled by the courier in a hollow tooth and covered with a filling. Bohr finally escaped to Britain in October 1943, with his son Aage, and, during long conversations with Chadwick in London and in Liverpool, learned for the first time about the Allied Project and probably also gave vital information about the German efforts under Heisenberg, and no doubt about the confrontation between himself and Heisenberg so brilliantly portrayed by Michael Frayn in his play \booktitle{Copenhagen}.''", remark-5 = "From page 40: ``Chadwick was made head of a British Mission to the Manhattan Project, which made a very significant contribution to its success. Four other Liverpool-based physicists, Frisch, Rotblat, Don Marshall and Jim Hughes joined the Project at Los Alamos, whose acting Assistant Director at the time was Arthur Hughes''", remark-6 = "From page 40: ``In 1944--45, Frisch conducted the extremely dangerous experiment of `tickling the dragon's tail', in which a critical assembly of uranium was momentarily created. Frisch recalls how on one occasion he made a subcritical assembly go critical by leaning over it and reflecting some of the neutrons back with his body.''", remark-7 = "From page 40: ``Chadwick and Frisch were among those who observed the test of the first nuclear bomb at the Trinity site at 5.30 a.m. on 16 July 1945, and both wrote spectacular descriptions of this momentous event.''", remark-8 = "From page 41: ``Schr{\"o}dinger was then at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Dublin, but had become unpopular in certain circles due to his book on The Physics of Life (1943), and, no doubt, certain well-known aspects of his `extracurricular activities'! Inquiries by Rotblat revealed that he had a reputation for being difficult and a less than ideal team member, so Chadwick reluctantly turned him down. Schr{\"o}dinger was certainly the `greatest physicist Liverpool never had'.''", } @Article{Tromel:2009:VEK, author = "Martin Tr{\"o}mel", title = "{Die vier Entdecker der Kernspaltung}. ({German}) [{The} four discovers of nuclear fission]", journal = j-NACHR-CHEM, volume = "57", number = "1", pages = "57--57", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "NACHFB", ISSN = "1439-9598 (print), 1868-0054 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1868-0054", bibdate = "Mon Jun 11 09:24:17 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", note = "See \cite{Ellmer:2008:DEK}.", URL = "https://www.gdch.de/fileadmin/downloads/Publikationen/Nachrichten_aus_der_Chemie/PDFs/kernspaltung.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "{Nachrichten aus der Chemie}", journal-URL = "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1868-0054", keywords = "Fritz Strassmann; Lise Meitner; Otto Hahn; Otto Robert Frisch", language = "German", remark = "Missing from v57n1 toc, yet PDF is available.", } @Article{Wheeler:2009:MF, author = "John A. Wheeler", title = "Mechanism of fission", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "62", number = "4", pages = "35--38", month = apr, year = "2009", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3120894", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Mon May 21 06:18:55 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", journal-URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/", keywords = "Enrico Fermi; Eugene Wigner; Fritz Kalckar; Fritz Strassmann; George Placzek; Leon Rosenfeld; Lise Meitner; Niels Bohr; Otto Hahn; Otto Robert Frisch", subject-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968)", } @Article{Bernstein:2011:MCW, author = "Jeremy Bernstein", title = "A memorandum that changed the world", journal = j-AMER-J-PHYSICS, volume = "79", number = "5", pages = "440--446", month = may, year = "2011", CODEN = "AJPIAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3533426", ISSN = "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0002-9505", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", abstract = "We present an analysis of both the content and the influence of the 1940 memoir by Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls that showed that nuclear weapons were possible.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "American Journal of Physics", journal-URL = "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp", remark-1 = "This article interleaves text from the famous Frisch--Peierls memorandum with commentary that helps to explain their derivation of the critical mass of uranium needed to start a chain reaction. It also reports that some of the republications of their text have introduced several errors.", remark-2 = "From page 440: ``In his autobiography, \booktitle{What Little I Remember}, Frisch writes `In all this excitement we had missed the most important point. It was Christian M{\o}ller, a Danish colleague, who first suggested to me that the fission fragments (the two freshly formed nuclei) might contain enough surplus energy to each eject a neutron or two; each of these might cause another fission and generate more neutrons. By such a `chain reaction' the neutrons would multiply in uranium like rabbits in a meadow! My immediate answer was that in that case no uranium ore deposits could exist; they would have blown up long ago by the explosive multiplication of neutrons in them. \ldots{} Many others had the same thought, as I soon found out.''", remark-3 = "From page 446: ``Lise Meitner happened to be in Copenhagen when the Germans occupied the city in 1940. Bohr asked her to send a message to his British colleagues when she returned to Sweden. Apparently, she had no trouble getting back and wired to a friend in England: `Met Niels and Margrethe recently. Both well but unhappy about events. Inform Cockcroft and Maud Ray Kent.' 16 John Cockcroft was a Cambridge physicist whom Bohr had gotten to know, but who was `Maud Ray Kent'? The recipients of the message were sure that this name was a code and that what was concealed had to do with nuclear energy. However, try as they did, they could not crack the `code.' It was revealed a few years later that Maud Ray was a governess that had taken care of the Bohr children on one of their visits to England and that she lived in Kent.'' That is the origin of the name ``MAUD Committee'', the first organized effort in Britain to work on producing a nuclear weapon.", remark-4 = "From page 446: ``The MAUD committee produced its final report in July of 1941. It begins rather oddly. `We would like to emphasize at the beginning of this paper that we entered the project with more skepticism than belief, though we felt that it was a matter that had to be investigated. As we proceeded we became more and more convinced that release of atomic energy on a large scale is possible and that conditions can be chosen which would make it a very powerful weapon of war.' 18 The body of the paper, in which Frisch and Peierls along with other prominent British scientists played a role, is one order of magnitude more sophisticated than the original Frisch--Peierls memorandum.''.", remark-5 = "From reference 17 on page 446: ``To read the report, see Margaret Gowing, \booktitle{Britain and Atomic Energy 1939--1945} (Macmillan, London, 1964). You will also find a version of the Frisch--Peierls memorandum which is less error prone than the Serber version.''", subject-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968)", } @Article{Sime:2012:PFO, author = "Ruth Lewin Sime", title = "The Politics of Forgetting: {Otto Hahn} and the {German Nuclear-Fission Project} in {World War II}", journal = j-PHYS-PERSPECT, volume = "14", number = "1", pages = "59--94", month = mar, year = "2012", CODEN = "PHPEF2", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-011-0065-6", ISSN = "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1422-6944", bibdate = "Wed Jun 27 18:46:46 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib", URL = "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00016-011-0065-6; http://www.springerlink.com/content/k12202vg92147h68/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics in Perspective (PIP)", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/16", keywords = "Otto Hahn; Werner Heisenberg; Lise Meitner; Otto Robert Frisch; Fritz Strassmann; Josef Mattauch; Carl Krauch; Heinrich H{\"o}rlein; Fritz ter Meer; Rudolf Mentzel; Ernst Telschow; Otto Erbacher; Gottfried von Droste; Kurt Starke; Carl Friedrich von Weizs{\"a}cker; Paul Harteck; Kurt Diebner; Erich Bagge; Abraham Esau; Nikolaus Riehl; Niels Bohr; Kaiser Wilhelm Society; Max Planck Society; Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry; Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics; Auergesellschaft; Farm Hall; German nuclear-fission project; history of physics", remark-1 = "Sime says on page 68 about Fl{\"u}gge's paper: ``With its discussion of the huge energy potential of nuclear fission and the possibility of a `uranium machine' (nuclear reactor), the article attracted wide attention, and Fl{\"u}gge wrote a popular version for the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung that was picked up by other newspapers.''.", remark-2 = "From page 70: ``Preparations had begun on September 8 when the HWA's Diebner asked Erich Bagge, a physicist working with Heisenberg in Leipzig to invite about ten scientists to a `meeting of `experts''. According to Bagge, Diebner told him, `completely coolly `It's about the atomic bomb'.' The scientists who attended were Bagge, Diebner, Hahn, Walther Bothe, Hans Geiger, Paul Harteck, Gerhard Hoffmann, Josef Mattauch, and Georg Stetter, a physicist from Vienna.''", remark-3 = "From page 78: ``Heisenberg, who had recently been appointed director of the KW1 for Physics, spoke briefly. As in his February talk in the RFR, he emphasized fission's military potential and stressed the need for increased funding for particle accelerators and for isotope separation. It was at this meeting that Heisenberg famously stated, in response to a question from Milch, that an atomic bomb large enough to destroy a city (Milch was thinking of London) would be about the size of a pineapple.", remark-4 = "From page 85: ``What is clear, however, is that from the beginning of the war Hahn mobilized himself and his institute into military research, that he cultivated his connections with the military, industry, and the state, and that he did what he could to make the science succeed. There is no evidence that he was reluctant or had misgivings or held back. While it is true that he and other fission scientists lacked the urgency of their Allied counterparts, it is because they never imagined that they were not ahead (as we know from the Farm Hall transcripts); in the one area that Hahn and his colleagues knew they trailed the Americans --- accelerators --- they made every effort to catch up.''.", } @InProceedings{Stuewer:2013:ACM, author = "Roger H. Stuewer", title = "An act of creation: the {Meitner--Frisch} interpretation of nuclear fission", crossref = "Katzir:2013:TTH", chapter = "9", pages = "231--245", year = "2013", bibdate = "Tue May 29 06:02:03 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark-1 = "From page 233: ``He [Gamow] arrived in Copenhagen in September [1928], and when he told Bohr about his theory Bohr was so impressed with it, and with Gamow personally, that he offered Gamow a fellowship to enable him to spend the entire academic year 1928--1929 in his institute. Bohr also arranged for Gamow to visit the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England, for around five weeks, from early January to mid-February 1929. Gamow thrived in both places. In particular, just before leaving Copenhagen for Cambridge, he invented the liquid-drop model of the nucleus, which he presented for the first time on 7 February 1929, at a meeting of the Royal Society in London to which Ernest Rutherford had invited him.''", remark-2 = "From page 241: ``Meanwhile, in Copenhagen, Frisch began to carry out experiments and around 3:00 A.M. on the morning of Friday, 13 January 1939, he first detected the fission fragments from uranium (Frisch 1939). He recalled that four hours later the postman woke him up and handed him a telegram from his mother saying that his father had been released from Dachau, and that both of his parents now could emigrate to Sweden (Frisch 1973, 833).''", remark-3 = "From pages 241--242: ``By early 1939 the history of the liquid-drop model had become obscured, because Bohr, in his and Kalckar's paper of October 1937, had failed to cite Gamow as its creator, even though Gamow had conceived it in Bohr's institute in December 1928, perhaps because Bohr saw his application of it as being so different from Gamow's. And Bohr's omission was immediately propagated in the literature.''", } @Article{Baldwin:2014:KRP, author = "Melinda Baldwin", title = "`{Keeping} in the race': physics, publication speed and national publishing strategies in {{\booktitle{Nature}}}, 1895--1939", journal = j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI, volume = "47", number = "2", pages = "257--279", month = jun, year = "2014", CODEN = "BJHSAT", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087413000381", ISSN = "0007-0874 (print), 1474-001X (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0007-0874", bibdate = "Mon May 5 15:49:52 MDT 2014", bibsource = "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs2010.bib", note = "Published online, but not yet assigned to a journal volume.", URL = "http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0007087413000381", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "British J. Hist. Sci.", fjournal = "British Journal for the History of Science", journal-URL = "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BJH", onlinedate = "11 July 2013", remark-1 = "This interesting article traces the events that led to the weekly British science periodical, \booktitle{Nature}, becoming one of the primary sources of announcements of new research results, particular in radioactivity and the physical scientists. Physicist Ernest Rutherford was a driving force in that change. The author reports on page 3 that the publisher and journal did not preserve much archive correspondence prior to 1990, making research like hers particularly challenging.", remark-2 = "From page 19: ``\ldots{} international contributors [to \booktitle{Nature}] took on a new prominence in the years following the First World War. The continued growth in international physics contributions was closely linked to the career of one of Rutherford's students: the Danish physicist Niels Bohr.''", remark-3 = "From page 21: ``The Rutherford--Bohr--Copenhagen connection was also responsible for perhaps the most famous pre-war letter printed in \booktitle{Nature}'s pages. In January 1939, the journal received a submission from two Austrian-born physicists, Otto Frisch and Lise Meitner. Meitner's former colleagues in Berlin, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann, had bombarded uranium nitrate with neutrons and discovered that their sample subsequently contained barium. Frisch and Meitner wrote a letter to the editor of \booktitle{Nature} offering an explanation for what had occurred. They suggested that the uranium nucleus had, in fact, split in two, and they proposed a mechanism for how the nucleus could have split: the now-famous `liquid drop' model of nuclear fission.''", } @Article{Kragh:2014:NPP, author = "Helge Kragh", title = "The names of physics: plasma, fission, photon", journal = j-EUR-PHYS-J-H, volume = "39", number = "3", pages = "263--281", month = sep, year = "2014", CODEN = "EPJHAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2014-50007-7", ISSN = "2102-6459 (print), 2102-6467 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "2102-6467", bibdate = "Wed Dec 30 18:00:16 MST 2015", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/eur-phys-j-h.bib", URL = "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjh/e2014-50007-7", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Eur. Phys. J. H", fjournal = "European Physical Journal H", journal-URL = "http://www.springer.com/journal/13129", remark = "This important article traces the origins of the three final words of the title. Each has several antecedents, but the author succeeds in identifying those papers that appeared to have popularized their subsequent use in physics. Plasma is largely due to Hannes Alv{\'e}n in his 1950 textbook, \booktitle{Cosmical Electrodynamics}. Fission was introduced in physics by Otto Robert Frisch in 1939, who in turn borrowed it from a biophysicist colleague who discussed its use in bacterial binary splitting. Photon can be attributed to Gilbert Newton Lewis in an 29 October 1926 article in \booktitle{Nature}. The author also corrects some erroneous claims in online sources of other origins.", } @Article{Sime:2014:SPD, author = "Ruth Lewin Sime", title = "Science and politics: The discovery of nuclear fission 75 years ago", journal = j-ANN-PHYS-1900, volume = "526", number = "3--4", pages = "A27--A31", month = apr, year = "2014", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201400805", ISSN = "0003-3804 (print), 1521-3889 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0003-3804", bibdate = "Tue Jun 12 09:17:02 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", URL = "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/andp.201400805", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Annalen der Physik (1900)", journal-URL = "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3889", } @InCollection{Reed:2015:BS, author = "Bruce Cameron Reed", title = "The background science", crossref = "Reed:2015:ABS", pages = "2:1--2:30", year = "2015", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/978-1-6270-5991-6ch2", bibdate = "Thu Jan 21 06:42:50 2016", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib", abstract = "This chapter reviews the key discoveries that underlay the development of nuclear weapons: the neutron, induced radioactivity, the synthesis of new elements and nuclear fission. Section 2.1 sets the stage by introducing the units of energy used in nuclear physics, notations used to write nuclear reactions, and the processes of alpha- and beta-decay.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark-01 = "From page 2-1: ``when dynamite is detonated, the energy released per molecule involved is just under 10 eV.''", remark-02 = "From page 2-6: ``\ldots{} the key observation was the realization that alpha-particle bombardment of the light element beryllium gave rise to a nucleus of carbon and a neutron: He-4 + Be-9 to C-12 + n-1 + energy. n-1 denotes a neutron: it carries no electric charge (Z = 0), but it does count as one nucleon (A = 1). Chadwick reported his discovery in a paper published in the February 27, 1932 edition of the British journal Nature; he was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work.''", remark-03 = "From page 2-6: ``Neutrons would eventually prove to be the gateway to reactors and bombs, but at the time Chadwick anticipated none of this: in the February 29, 1932 edition of the New York Times he was quoted as stating that `I am afraid neutrons will not be of any use to any one'.''", remark-04 = "From page 2-7: ``This development [by Joliot and Curie of bombardment by aluminum with alpha particles] opened up the important field of synthesizing short-lived isotopes for use in medical treatments.''", remark-05 = "From page 2-16: ``On average, the energy liberated in the fission of uranium nuclei is about 170 MeV, from which it can be calculated that if one kilogram of uranium \ldots{} is entirely fissioned, the energy liberated will be equivalent to exploding some 17,000 t of TNT: 17 kt of chemical explosive!''", remark-06 = "From page 2-17: ``An aside: the element between uranium and thorium, protactinium, is extremely rare; it would not have been practical for Frisch to try experimenting with it.''", remark-07 = "From page 2-18: ``The topic of the 1938 meeting [at George Washington University] was to be low-temperature physics, but that agenda quickly found itself derailed. The conference began in the afternoon of January 26. Gamow introduced Bohr, who related Hahn and Strassmann's discovery and Meitner and Frisch's interpretation. The news electrified the fifty-odd participants, some of whom left to perform their own experiments. Within days, the phenomenon had been duplicated in a number laboratories in Europe and America, and the New York Times reported on the discovery in its edition of Sunday, January 29. Today, a plaque outside Room 209 of GWU's Hall of Government commemorates Bohr's announcement.''", remark-08 = "From page 2-19: ``At Columbia, Leo Szilard (who by 1939 was living in New York and had a part-time appointment at Columbia) and Walter Zinn prepared an experiment to detect the emission of any fast neutrons as a consequence of fission and indeed observed them. Szilard recalled later his reaction upon detecting the neutrons: `That night, there was very little doubt in my mind that the world was headed for grief.' The modern value for the average number of secondary neutrons liberated by U-235 when it is fissions is about 2.5, more than enough to sustain a chain reaction.''", remark-09 = "From page 2-23: ``It is the differences between the amounts of energy liberated and the barrier energies that are crucial. In the case of U-236, the liberated value exceeds the fission barrier by nearly 0.9 MeV. Any bombarding neutron, no matter how little energy it has, can induce fission in U-235.''", remark-10 = "From page 2-23: ``On top of this, U-238 has an appreciable capture cross-section for neutrons of energy less than about 1 MeV (figure 2.9). As a result, the presence of even small amounts of U-238 in a fast-neutron environment will consequently suppress any chain reaction; it is this slowing-and-capture effect that renders U-238 non-fissile for slow neutrons and useless as a fast-neutron bomb fuel.''", remark-11 = "From page 2-24: ``Like U-235, Pu-239 is fissile under slow-neutron bombardment. \ldots{} Pu-239 acts exactly like U-235 in its fissility properties.''", remark-12 = "From page 2-24: ``To create a reaction violent enough to warrant making a bomb requires using fast neutrons. In this case, the only naturally occurring isotope that might be able to sustain a fast-neutron chain reaction is U-235, but this would require separating the two isotopes of uranium atom-by-atom to kilogram quantities. Because of this, Niels Bohr thought that a weapon based on uranium fission would be impractical or impossible.''", remark-13 = "From page 2-26: ``In 1909, Thomson acquired an assistant, Francis Aston, who significantly improved the device. Aston would discover over 200 naturally occurring isotopes, including U-238; he also snared the 1922 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.''", remark-14 = "From page 2-27: ``To collect a full kilogram of U-235 at the rate at which his [mass spectrometer] apparatus operated, [Alfred] Neir would have required hundreds of millions of years, a testament to Bohr's opinion of the impracticality of a U-235 bomb.''", remark-15 = "From page 2-29: ``McMillan and Abelson's paper reporting this [production of Y-239 --- element 94 (plutonium)] was dated May 27, 1940, just two days before Turner's. Given the potential of Y-239 as a source of atomic energy, it seems surprising that their paper was published only two weeks later. James Chadwick was so upset with the publication that he placed an official protest through the British Embassy.", remark-16 = "From page 2-30: ``Compton was then involved in preparing a report concerning possible military applications of fission and included a remark in his report that if element 94 bred from U-238 was indeed so fissile, Seaborg and his team had just increased the amount of potential bomb material by a factor of over 100.''", } @Misc{Ward:2015:RWF, author = "Tim Ward and Domenic Mastrippolito", title = "Race for the World's First Atomic Bomb: A Thousand Days of Fear", howpublished = "[Los Alamos National] Laboratory produced documentary on the Manhattan Project.", year = "2015", bibdate = "Thu Apr 02 11:05:55 2015", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib", note = "Written by Michael Wilson. The hour-long program features interviews with some of those who worked on the Project Hans Bethe, Norman Ramsey, Phil Morrison, Edward Teller and others. The program profiles the creation of the Manhattan Project the obstacles that were faced, life in the ``secret city,' and events that led up to and followed the Trinity Test.", URL = "http://www.governmentattic.org/11docs/NNSAfilmVideoList_2014.pdf; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwpgmEvlRpM", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Adolph Hitler (picture); Alan B. Carr; Albert Einstein; Bockscar airplane; Charlotte Serber; Edward Teller; Ellen Bradbury Reid; Enola Gay airplane; Enrico Fermi; Ernest O. Lawrence; Frank Oppenheimer; Franklin D. Roosevelt; George B. Kistiakowsky; Glenn Seaborg; Gregg Herken; Hans Bethe; Harold Agnew; Harry Daghlian; Harry S. Truman; Heather McClenahan; Isadore I. Rabi; J. Robert Oppenheimer; Jack Aeby; Jacob Wechsler; James Conant; John R. von Neumann; Karl Compton; Kenneth T. Bainbridge; Kitty Oppenheimer; Klaus E. J. Fuchs; Leo Szilard; Leslie Groves; Lise Meitner; Louis Slotin; Luis Alvarez; Niels Bohr (picture); Norman F. Ramsey; Otto R. Frisch; Pearl Harbor; Philip Morrison; Richard P. Feynman; Robert Serber; Robert Standish Norris; Rose Bethe; Sterling Colgate; Trinity test bomb (16 July 1945); Vannevar Bush; Werner Heisenberg; William Hudgins; Winston Churchill (picture); Wolfgang Pauli (picture)", remark = "Undated, but Agnew interviews are dated 1999 and 2013; others were recorded much earlier.", xxtitle = "The Moment in Time", } @Article{Ford:2017:BRC, author = "Peter Ford", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Crystal Clear --- The Autobiographies of Sir Lawrence and Lady Bragg}}. Edited by A. M. Glazer \& Patience Thomson OUP 2015. ISBN-13: 978-0-19-874430-6, 448pp, \pounds 3}", journal = "IOP History of Physics Newsletter", volume = "35", pages = "54--69", month = nov, year = "2017", DOI = "", ISSN = "1756-168X", ISSN-L = "1756-168X", bibdate = "Sat May 05 15:16:43 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", URL = "http://www.iop.org/activity/groups/subject/hp/newsletter/file_71196.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Heinz:2017:EHS, author = "Andreas Martin Heinz and Bj{\"o}rn Jonson and Imre P{\'a}zsit", title = "{EPS} Historic Sites: {Uddmanska House, Kung{\"a}lv, Sweden}", journal = j-EUROPHYS-NEWS, volume = "48", number = "1", pages = "4--5", month = "????", year = "2017", CODEN = "EUPNAS", ISSN = "0531-7479 (print), 1432-1092 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0531-7479", bibdate = "Mon May 21 14:33:13 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", URL = "https://www.europhysicsnews.org/articles/epn/pdf/2017/01/epn2017-48-1.pdf", abstract = "On October 29, 2016, a ceremony took place to unveil an EPS Historic Site plaque at the pension where Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Frisch stayed during the Christmas holidays in 1938. In discussions about recent experimental results from Berlin they realized that those data could only be explained by a process we know today as nuclear fission. The pension, now called the Uddmanska House, is located in Kung{\"a}lv, near Gothenburg, Sweden. This is the latest EPS Historic Site.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Europhysics News", journal-URL = "http://www.europhysicsnews.org", keywords = "Fritz Strassmann; Lise Meitner; Otto Hahn; Robert Otto Frisch", remark-1 = "From the article: ``Lise Meitner was one of the foremost physicists of her time in spite of the fact that she had to overcome many obstacles she faced as one of the first women in science at the time. She was only the second female PhD in physics at the university in Vienna and became the first female full professor of physics in Germany after she went to Berlin in 1907. Nonetheless she had an astonishing career and a reputation of a leading scientist in her field. Notably, Albert Einstein referred to her as `our Marie Curie'.''", remark-2 = "From the article: ``Her situation in Sweden was not easy, and even though she found a position at the laboratory of Manne Siegbahn in Stockholm, she lacked the support to continue her work. Her former colleagues from Berlin kept her posted about their progress with letters and in November 1938 she met with Otto Hahn in Denmark, who was looking for guidance from someone who knew more about nuclear physics and could make sense of their result.''", remark-3 = "From the end of the article: ``The pension, where Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch stayed during their Christmas Holiday in 1938, Uddmanska Huset in Kung{\"a}lv, became on October 29, 2016, a new historical site of the European Physical Society.''", subject-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968)", } @Article{Reed:2022:CPF, author = "B. Cameron Reed", title = "Comments on the Physics of the {Frisch--Peierls} Memorandum", journal = j-NUCL-TECHNOL, volume = "208", number = "12", pages = "1890--1893", month = aug, year = "2022", CODEN = "NUTYBB", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2022.2084582", ISSN = "0029-5450 (print), 1943-7471 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0029-5450", bibdate = "Fri Apr 26 17:36:57 2024", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nuclear Technology", journal-URL = "http://www.ans.org/pubs/journals/nt/", } @Article{Ginoux:2023:FPI, author = "Jean-Marc Ginoux and Franck Jovanovic", title = "{Frisch}'s Propagation--Impulse Model: a Comprehensive Mathematical Analysis", journal = j-FOUND-SCI, volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "57--84", month = mar, year = "2023", CODEN = "FOSCFI", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-021-09827-9", ISSN = "1233-1821 (print), 1572-8471 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1233-1821", bibdate = "Mon Feb 27 12:15:00 MST 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/foundsci.bib", URL = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10699-021-09827-9", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Found. Sci.", fjournal = "Foundations of Science", journal-URL = "http://link.springer.com/journal/10699", } @Article{McCauley:2024:HRT, author = "Joseph L. McCauley", title = "{Heisenberg}'s 1939 reactor theory, {Serber}'s 1943 {{\booktitle{Los Alamos Primer}}}, and {Heisenberg}'s 1945 {Farm Hall} critical mass calculation", journal = j-AMER-J-PHYSICS, volume = "92", number = "10", pages = "765--774", month = oct, year = "2024", CODEN = "AJPIAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1119/5.213080", ISSN = "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0002-9505", bibdate = "Wed Mar 26 16:25:33 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", note = "See comments and corrections \cite{Reed:2024:HB}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "American Journal of Physics", journal-URL = "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp", } @Article{Reed:2024:HB, author = "B. Cameron Reed", title = "On {Heisenberg} and the bomb", journal = j-AMER-J-PHYSICS, volume = "92", number = "12", pages = "908--909", month = dec, year = "2024", CODEN = "AJPIAS", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0240112", ISSN = "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)", bibdate = "Wed Mar 26 16:34:28 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", note = "This short paper corrects some errors in \cite{McCauley:2024:HRT} and supplies additional historical material.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "American Journal of Physics", journal-URL = "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp", } @Article{Pearson:2024:CFP, author = "J. M. Pearson", title = "Comments on the {Frisch--Peierls} Estimate of the Critical Mass of a Uranium Fission Bomb", journal = j-NUCL-TECHNOL, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "1--5", month = feb, year = "2024", CODEN = "NUTYBB", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2023.2274690", ISSN = "1943-7471 (print), 1943-7471 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0029-5450", bibdate = "Fri Apr 26 17:29:00 2024", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Nucl. Technol.", fjournal = "Nuclear Technology", journal-URL = "http://www.ans.org/pubs/journals/nt/", } @Article{Reed:2024:RFP, author = "B. Cameron Reed", title = "Revisiting the {Frisch--Peierls} Memorandum", journal = j-EUR-PHYS-J-H, volume = "49", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2024", CODEN = "EPJHAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00070-x", ISSN = "2102-6459 (print), 2102-6467 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "2102-6459", bibdate = "Wed Apr 24 08:56:59 MDT 2024", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/eur-phys-j-h.bib", URL = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00070-x", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Eur. Phys. J. H", articleno = "6", fjournal = "The European Physical Journal H", journal-URL = "http://www.springer.com/journal/13129", } @Article{McCauley:2025:CPC, author = "Joseph L. McCauley", title = "Comment on '{Predictions} of critical radii for reactors and bombs 1939--45 including the {Frisch--Peierls} memorandum'", journal = j-EUR-PHYS-J-H, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2025", CODEN = "EPJHAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00095-w", ISSN = "2102-6459 (print), 2102-6467 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "2102-6459", bibdate = "Thu Sep 25 09:30:59 MDT 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/eur-phys-j-h.bib", note = "See \cite{McCauley:2025:PCR}.", URL = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00095-w", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Eur. Phys. J. H", articleno = "10", fjournal = "The European Physical Journal H", journal-URL = "http://www.springer.com/journal/13129", } @Article{McCauley:2025:PCR, author = "Joseph L. McCauley", title = "Predictions of critical radii for reactors and bombs 1939--45 including the {Frisch--Peierls} memorandum", journal = j-EUR-PHYS-J-H, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2025", CODEN = "EPJHAD", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00088-1", ISSN = "2102-6459 (print), 2102-6467 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "2102-6459", bibdate = "Wed Mar 26 16:14:32 MDT 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/eur-phys-j-h.bib", note = "See comments \cite{McCauley:2025:CPC}.", URL = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00088-1", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Eur. Phys. J. H", articleno = "1", fjournal = "The European Physical Journal H", journal-URL = "http://www.springer.com/journal/13129", } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Cross-referenced entries must come last, sorted by year, and then %%% by citation label, with ``bibsort --byyear'': @Book{Beyer:1949:FNP, editor = "Robert T. (Robert Thomas) Beyer", booktitle = "Foundations of nuclear physics: facsimiles of thirteen fundamental studies as they were originally reported in the scientific journals", title = "Foundations of nuclear physics: facsimiles of thirteen fundamental studies as they were originally reported in the scientific journals", publisher = pub-DOVER, address = pub-DOVER:adr, pages = "272", year = "1949", LCCN = "QC173 .B485", bibdate = "Sat Oct 28 16:14:49 MDT 2006", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "See original paper \cite{Hahn:1939:NVB} and later translation \cite{Graetzer:1964:DNF}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "nuclear physics", tableofcontents = "The positive electron, by C. D. Anderson \\ The existence of a neutron, by J. Chadwick \\ Experiments with high velocity positive ions: II. The disintegration of elements by high velocity protons, by J. D. Cockcroft and E. T. S. Walton \\ Physique nucl{\'e}aire, un nouveau type de radioactivit{\'e}, by Ir{\`e}ne Curie and F. Joliot \\ Possible production of elements of atomic number higher than 92, by E. Fermi \\ Versuch einer Theorie de $\beta$-Strahlen, by E. Fermi \\ {\"U}ber die magnetische Ablenkung von Wasserstoffmolek{\"u}len und das magnetische Moment des Protons, I, by R. Frisch and O. Stern \\ Zur Quantentheorie des Atomkernes, by G. Gamow \\ {\"U}ber den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle, by O. Hahn and F. Strassmann \\ The production of high speed light ions without the use of high voltages, by E. O. Lawrence and M. S. Livingston \\ The scattering of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ particles by matter and the structure of the atom, by E. Rutherford \\ Collision of a particles with light atoms, pt. 4. An anomalous effect in nitrogen, by E. Rutherford \\ On the interaction of elementary particles, I, by Hideki Yukawa \\ Bibliography", xxnote = "See original paper \cite{Hahn:1939:NVB} and later translation \cite{Graetzer:1964:DNF}.", } @Book{Frisch:1950:PNP, editor = "Otto Robert Frisch", booktitle = "Progress in Nuclear Physics", title = "Progress in Nuclear Physics", publisher = pub-PERGAMON, address = pub-PERGAMON:adr, year = "1950", CODEN = "PNUPAT", ISSN = "0079-659X", ISSN-L = "0079-659X", LCCN = "QC770 .P76", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "Frisch was the long-time editor for volumes 2--9 (1953--1960) of this series (volume 1 (1953)--volume 13 (1977)).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ORF-number = "E1", remark = "No online archives for this journal or book series appear to be available. Its successor, \booktitle{Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics}, is online at \url{https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/progress-in-particle-and-nuclear-physics}.", subject = "Nuclear physics; Physique nucl{\'e}aire; P{\'e}riodiques; Kernfysica; Kernphysik; Zeitschrift", } @Book{Rotblat:1954:AES, editor = "Joseph Rotblat", booktitle = "Atomic energy: a survey; [being news and views of atomic energy given as a course of lectures at the {University of London} \ldots{} during {January and February 1954}]", title = "Atomic energy: a survey; [being news and views of atomic energy given as a course of lectures at the {University of London} \ldots{} during {January and February 1954}]", publisher = pub-TAYLOR-FRANCIS-UK, address = pub-TAYLOR-FRANCIS-UK:adr, pages = "viii + 71", year = "1954", bibdate = "Sat May 05 06:48:59 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", note = "Published for Atomic Scientist' Association.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Haslett:1960:SS, editor = "A. W. Haslett and John St John", booktitle = "Science Survey", title = "Science Survey", publisher = "Vista Books", address = "London, UK", pages = "????", year = "1960", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:25:46 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Bohr:1961:ATD, author = "Niels Bohr", booktitle = "Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature: Four essays, with an introductory survey", title = "Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature: Four essays, with an introductory survey", publisher = pub-CAMBRIDGE, address = pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr, pages = "vii + 119", year = "1961", LCCN = "QC173.18 .B64 1961", bibdate = "Fri Apr 29 08:59:12 2011", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", ZMnumber = "Zbl 0109.22803", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, tableofcontents = "Introductory survey. \\ Atomic theory and mechanics. \\ The quantum postulate and the recent development of atomic theory. \\ The quantum of action and the description of nature. \\ The atomic theory and the fundamental principles underlying the description of nature", } @Book{Pohl:1962:ED, author = "Frederik Pohl", booktitle = "The expert dreamers", title = "The expert dreamers", publisher = pub-DOUBLEDAY, address = pub-DOUBLEDAY:adr, pages = "248", year = "1962", LCCN = "PZ1 .P745 Ex", bibdate = "Thu Jul 4 14:24:25 MDT 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Reprinted in 1968 by Avon Books, New York.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Science fiction", tableofcontents = "At the end of the orbit / Arthur C. Clarke \\ On the feasibility of coal-driven power stations / O. R. Frisch \\ Feast of demons / William Morrison (Joseph Samachson) \\ Heart on the other side / George Gamow \\ Lenny / Isaac Asimov \\ Singers / W. Grey Walter \\ Invasion / Robert Willey (Willy Ley) \\ To explain Mrs. Thompson / Philip Latham (R. S. Richardson) \\ Adrift on the policy level / Chandler Davis \\ Black cloud / Fred Hoyle \\ Chain reaction / Boyd Ellanby (Lyle and William C. Boyd) \\ Miracle of the broom closet / W. Norbert (Norbert Wiener) \\ Heavyplanet / Lee Gregor (Milton A. Rothman) \\ Test stand / Lee Correy (G. Harry Stine) \\ Amateur in chancery / George O. Smith \\ Mark Gable foundation / Leo Szilard", } @Book{Garratt:1963:PSS, editor = "Arthur Garratt", booktitle = "{Penguin} science survey, {1963-A}: astronomy, chemistry, cosmology, education, mathematics, physics, space research", title = "{Penguin} science survey, {1963-A}: astronomy, chemistry, cosmology, education, mathematics, physics, space research", publisher = pub-PENGUIN, address = pub-PENGUIN:adr, pages = "223", year = "1963", bibdate = "Sat May 05 07:37:27 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Garrett:1963:FG, author = "Alfred Benjamin Garrett", booktitle = "The flash of genius", title = "The flash of genius", publisher = "Van Nostrand", address = "Princeton, NJ, USA", pages = "x + 249", year = "1963", LCCN = "Q125 .G38", bibdate = "Thu Sep 6 12:11:12 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1906--1996", subject = "Science; History; Inventions", } @Book{Bohr:1964:NBH, editor = "Niels Bohr and S. (Stefan) Rozental", booktitle = "{Niels Bohr}: hans liv og virke fortalt af en kreds af venner og medarbejdere. ({Danish}) [{Niels Bohr}: his life and works told by a circle of friends and colleagues]", title = "{Niels Bohr}: hans liv og virke fortalt af en kreds af venner og medarbejdere. ({Danish}) [{Niels Bohr}: his life and works told by a circle of friends and colleagues]", publisher = "J. H. Schultz", address = "K{\o}benhavn, Danmark", pages = "341", year = "1964", LCCN = "QC16.B63 N5", bibdate = "Thu Apr 28 21:19:11 MDT 2011", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "English translation in \cite{Rozental:1967:NBH}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Danish", subject = "Bohr, Niels", subject-dates = "1885--1962", tableofcontents = "Barndom og ungdom \\ Gennembruds{\aa}rene, af L. Rosenfeld og E. R{\"u}dinger \\ Glimt af Niels Bohr som forsker og t{\ae}nker, af O. Klein \\ Kvanteteorien og dens fortolkning, af W. Heisenberg \\ Erindringer fra {\aa}rene 1929--1931, af H. G. B. Casimir \\ Komplementaritetssynspunktet konsolideres og udbygges, af L. Rosenfeld \\ Interessen samler sig omkring atomkernen, af O. R. Frisch \\ Fyrrerne og halvtredserne, af S. Rozental \\ Krigens {\aa}r og atomv{\aa}bnenes perspektiver, af A. Bohr \\ Minder fra efterkrigstiden, af A. Pais \\ Forholdet til de yngste disciple, af J. Kalckar \\ Niels Bohrs indsats i fysikken, af C. M{\o}ller og M. Pihl \\ Niels Bohr og internationalt videnskabeligt samarbejde, af V. F. Weisskopf \\ Niels Bohr og Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskab, af J. Pedersen \\ Niels Bohr og Ris{\o} af V. Kampmann \\ Niels Bohr og det danske samfund, af M. Pihl \\ Halvtreds {\aa}rs venskab, af R. Courant \\ Niels Bohrs alsidighed, af P. A. M. Dirac \\ Tr{\ae}k af et samarbejde, af H. H. Koch \\ Minder fra Tisvilde, af W. Scharff \\ En stemning, af M. Andersen \\ Om far, af H. Bohr \\ {\AA}bent brev til De Forenede Nationer, af N. Bohr \\ Kronologisk oversigt", } @Book{Gowing:1964:BAEb, author = "Margaret Gowing", booktitle = "{Britain} and Atomic Energy, 1939--1945", title = "{Britain} and Atomic Energy, 1939--1945", publisher = pub-ST-MARTINS, address = pub-ST-MARTINS:adr, pages = "xvi + 464", year = "1964", LCCN = "QC773.A1 G6 1964", bibdate = "Mon Aug 20 07:12:07 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "With an introductory chapter by Kenneth Jay.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "First installment of an official history of the United Kingdom atomic energy project. Continued by the author's \booktitle{Independence and deterrence} \cite{Gowing:1974:IDBb}. Contains Frisch--Peierls Memorandum of 1940 in Appendix I.", subject = "Atomic bomb; History", } @Book{Rapport:1964:P, editor = "Samuel Rapport and Helen Wright", booktitle = "Physics", title = "Physics", publisher = "New York University Press", address = "New York City, NY, USA", pages = "xiii + 333", year = "1964", bibdate = "Sat Jul 28 11:44:33 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/i/infeld-leopold.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, tableofcontents = "Foreword / ix \\ Introduction / xi \\ I. Foundations \\ The First Physical Synthesis / Alfred North Whitehead / 5 \\ The Rise of the Mechanical View / Albert Einstein and Leopold Infeld / 13 \\ Heat as Energy / George Gamow / 47 \\ The Story of Electromagnetism / Sir William H. Bragg / 66 \\ Looking Backward / Paul R. Heyl / 89 \\ II. The Atom \\ From X Rays to Nuclear Fission / Henry D. Smith / 98 \\ Spectroscopy / Herbert Dingle / 121 \\ The Tools of Nuclear Physics / Otto R. Frisch / 144 \\ The Discovery of Fission / Otto Hahn / 176 \\ The First Atomic Pile / Corbin Allardice and Edward R. Trapnell / 187 \\ The Uncanny World of Plasma Physics / John L. Chapman / 198 \\ Elementary Particles / Victor Weisskopf / 21O \\ Our Image of Matter / Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger / 230 \\ The Concept of Parity / Chen Ning Yang / 248 \\ Innovation in Physics / Freeman Dyson / 256 \\ III. Relativity \\ Einstein / Antonina Vallentin / 275 \\ Relativity / Paul R. Heyl / 298 \\ Artificial Satellites / V. L. Ginsburg / 319", } @Book{Rosenfeld:1964:NBH, author = "L{\'e}on Rosenfeld and Erik R{\"u}dinger and Oskar Klein and Werner Heisenberg Hendrik G. B. Casimir and Otto Robert Frisch and Stefan Rozental and Aage Bohr and Abraham Pais and J{\o}rgen Kalckar and Christian M{\o}ller and Mogens Pihl and Viktor F. Weisskopf and Johannes Pedersen and Viggo Kampmann and Richard Courant and Paul A. M. Dirac and Hans Henrik Koch and William Scharff and Mogens Andersen and Hans Bohr and Niels Bohr", booktitle = "{Niels Bohr}: Hans liv or virke fortalt af en kreds af venner og medarbejdere. ({Danish}) [{Niels Bohr}: His life and works told by a group of friends and co-workers]", title = "{Niels Bohr}: Hans liv or virke fortalt af en kreds af venner og medarbejdere. ({Danish}) [{Niels Bohr}: His life and works told by a group of friends and co-workers]", publisher = "J. H. Schultz Forlag", address = "Copenhagen, DK", pages = "341", year = "1964", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 11:58:54 2010", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Danish", tableofcontents = "L{\'e}on Rosenfeld og Erik R{\"u}dinger: Gennembruds{\aa}rene 1911--1918 \\ Oskar Klein: Glimt af Niels Bohr some forsker og t{\ae}nker \\ Werner Heisenberg: Kvanteteorien og dens fortolkning \\ Hendrik G. B. Casimir: Erindringer fra {\aa}rene 1929--1931 \\ Otto Robert Frisch: Interessen samler sig omkring atomkernen \\ Stefan Rozental: Fyrrene og halvtredserne \\ Aage Bohr: Krigens {\aa}r og atomv{\aa}bnenes perspektiver \\ Abraham Pais: Minder fra efterkrigstiden \\ J{\o}rgen Kalckar: Forholdet til de yngste disciple \\ Christian M{\o}ller og Mogens Pihl: Niels Bohrs indsats i fysikken \\ Viktor F. Weisskopf: Niels Bohr or internationale videnskabeligt samarbejde \\ Johannes Pedersen: Niels Bohr og Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab \\ Viggo Kampmann: Niels Bohr og Ris{\o} \\ Richard Courant: Halvtreds {\aa}rs venskab \\ Paul A. M. Dirac: Niels Bohrs alsidighed \\ Hans Henrik Koch: Tr{\ae}k af et samarbejde \\ William Scharff: Minder fra Tisvilde \\ Mogens Andersen: En stemning \\ Hans Bohr: Om Far \\ Niels Bohr: {\AA}bent brev til De Forenede Nationer \\ Kronologisk oversigt", } @Book{Clark:1965:T, author = "Ronald William Clark", booktitle = "{Tizard}", title = "{Tizard}", publisher = pub-MIT, address = pub-MIT:adr, pages = "xvii + 458 + 8", year = "1965", LCCN = "Q143.T5 C6", bibdate = "Mon Apr 30 11:14:33 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Forewords by Sir Solly Zuckerman and Vannevar Bush.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Ronald William Clark (1916--1987)", remark = "Contains Frisch--Peierls Memorandum of 1940 on pages 215--217. Also issued by Methuen, London, UK with same page count and year. No table of contents yet found.", subject = "Tizard, Sir Henry Thomas; Science and state; Great Britain", subject-dates = "Sir Henry Thomas Tizard (1885--1959)", } @Book{Arms:1966:PTC, author = "Nancy Arms", booktitle = "A Prophet in Two Countries: the Life of {F. E. Simon}", title = "A Prophet in Two Countries: the Life of {F. E. Simon}", publisher = pub-PERGAMON, address = pub-PERGAMON:adr, pages = "viii + 171", year = "1966", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-011563-4.50001-2", ISBN = "0-08-011562-4, 0-08-011563-2, 1-4831-6445-4, 1-4831-3915-8 (e-book)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-08-011562-7, 978-0-08-011563-4, 978-1-4831-6445-8, 978-1-4831-3915-9 (e-book)", LCCN = "QC16.S5 A7 1966", bibdate = "Thu May 2 06:23:52 MDT 2024", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", abstract = "\booktitle{A Prophet in Two Countries: The Life of F. E. Simon} is a narration of the true story of F.E. Simon whose work involved developing nuclear energy for the British during the Second World War. Franz Simon is a Jew born in Berlin and earns his doctorate degree from the University of Berlin. He works at the Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, and then as a professor at the Technische Hochschule in Breslau. When Germany starts its systematic repression of Jews, Simon, now married and with two children, leaves Germany in 1939, along with Thomas Frank and a Jewish secretary. The Simon family settles in Oxford, \ldots{}", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark-1 = "The Commonwealth and international Library of Science, Technology, Engineering and liberal Studies. History Division. 'Biography Section'.", remark-2 = "F. E. Simon led the British gaseous diffusion project to separate uranium isotopes and enhance U-235.", subject = "Physicists; Germany; 20th century; Biography; Physiciens; Allemagne; 20e si{\`e}cle; Biographies; Physicists; Germany; F. E. Simon", subject-dates = "Francis Eugene Simon (1893--1956)", tableofcontents = "Front Cover \\ A Prophet in Two Countries \\ Copyright Page \\ Table of Contents \\ Acknowledgements \\ 1. A Jewish Home in Berlin \\ 2. University Life and War \\ 3. A Doctor's Degree \\ 4. Low Temperature Research \\ 5. The Twenties in Berlin \\ 6. Breslau and the Nazis \\ 7. Oxford and The Clarendon \\ 8. Prelude to War \\ 9. Enemy Aliens \\ 10. The Diffusion Project / 100--111 \\ 11. Tube Alloys \\ 12. After Six Years of War \\ 13. Post-War Activities \\ 14. Waste \\ 15. Man and Scientist \\ Complete List of F. E. Simon's Scientific Publications \\ Miscellaneous \\ Index", } @Book{Rozental:1967:NBH, editor = "S. (Stefan) Rozental", booktitle = "{Niels Bohr}: his life and work as seen by his friends and colleagues", title = "{Niels Bohr}: his life and work as seen by his friends and colleagues", publisher = pub-NORTH-HOLLAND, address = pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr, pages = "355", year = "1967", LCCN = "QC16.B63 N53", bibdate = "Thu Apr 28 21:19:11 MDT 2011", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, da-title = "Niels Bohr: Hans liv og virke fortalt af en kreds af venner og medarbejdere", subject = "Bohr, Niels; Physicists; Denmark; Biography", subject-dates = "1885--1962", tableofcontents = "Childhood and youth \\ The decisive years, 1911--1918, by L. Rosenfeld and E. R{\"u}dinger \\ Glimpses of Niels Bohr as scientist and thinker, by O. Klein \\ Quantum theory and its interpretation, by W. Heisenberg \\ Recollections from the years 1929--1931, by H. B. G. Casimir \\ Niels Bohr in the Thirties: Consolidation and Extension of the Conception of Complementarity, by L. Rosenfeld \\ The interest is focussing on the atomic nucleus, by O. R. Frisch \\ The forties and the fifties, by S. Rozental \\ The war years and the prospects raised by the atomic weapons, by A. Bohr \\ Reminiscenses from the post-war years, by A. Pais \\ Niels Bohr and his youngest disciples, by J. Kalckar \\ Review of Niels Bohr's research work, by C. M{\o}ller and M. Phil \\ Niels Bohr and international scientific collaboration, by V. F. Weisskopf \\ Niels Bohr and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, by J. Pedersen \\ Niels Bohr and the Danish Atomic Energy Research Establishment, by V. Kampmann \\ Niels Bohr and the Danish community, by M. Pihl \\ Fifty years of friendship, by R. Courant \\ The versatility of Niels Bohr, by P. A. M. Dirac \\ Science and administration, by H. H. Koch \\ Memories of Tisvilde, by W. Scharff \\ An impression, by M. Andersen \\ My father, by H. Bohr \\ Open letter to the United Nations, by N. Bohr", } @Book{Leicester:1968:SBC, author = "Henry M. Leicester", booktitle = "Source Book in Chemistry, 1900--1950", title = "Source Book in Chemistry, 1900--1950", publisher = pub-HARVARD, address = pub-HARVARD:adr, pages = "xvii + 408", year = "1968", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674366701", ISBN = "0-674-36669-7, 0-674-36670-0", ISBN-13 = "978-0-674-36669-5, 978-0-674-36670-1", LCCN = "QD3", bibdate = "Thu May 24 07:53:58 MDT 2018", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", abstract = "The growing interdependence of the sciences was one of the outstanding characteristics of the first half of the twentieth century. ``Inevitably,'' Dr. Leicester points out, ``this expanded vision led to closer contacts among chemists of every speciality, and also with scientists in other fields. Physics and physical chemistry were applied to organic compounds, and new substances that could not have been foreseen by the older theories were prepared. Reaction mechanisms were generalized. New borderline sciences sprang up. Chemical physics and biochemistry became sciences in their own right. Chemistry thus became a link between physics and biology.'' A continuation of \booktitle{A Source Book in Chemistry, 1400--1900} (HUP, 1952), this volume contains selections from ninety classic papers in all branches of chemistry -- papers upon which contemporary research and practices are based. The topics include such chemical techniques as microanalysis, polarography, hydrogen ion concentration, chromatography, electrophoresis, and the use of the ultramicroscope, the ultracentrifuge, and radioactive tracers; modern structural theories, with emphasis on crystal structure, radioactive decay, isotopes, molecular structure, the applications of quantum mechanics to chemistry, thermodynamics, electrolytes, and kinetics; the more recent studies on artificial radioactivity and the transuranium elements; organic chemistry, with reference to general synthetic methods, polymers, the structure of proteins, nucleic acids, alkaloids, steroids, and carotenoids; and biochemistry, including the concept of hormones and vitamins, separation of enzymes and viruses, metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, and energy production. The \booktitle{Source Book} serves as an introduction to present-day chemistry and can also be used as supplementary reading in general chemistry courses, since, in many instances, the papers explain the circumstances under which a particular discovery was made--information that is customarily lacking in textbooks. Although the selections are classified into the usual branches of the science, it will be apparent to the reader how the discoveries in any one branch were taken up and incorporated into others.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Chemie; Chemistry; Chimie; Quimica; Chemistry, other; Histoire; Sources; 20e si{\`e}cle; Natural Sciences", tableofcontents = "The Free Amino Groups of Insulin / Sanger, F. \\ The Alcoholic Ferment of Yeast-juice / Harden, Arthur; Young, William John \\ The Alcoholic Ferment of Yeast-Juice. Part II?The Coferment of Yeast-Juice / Harden, Arthur; Young, William John \\ The Alcoholic Ferment of Yeast-Juice. Part III?The Function of Phosphates in the Fermentation of Glucose by Yeast-Juice / Harden, Arthur; Young, William John \\ The Pyrophosphate Fraction in Muscle / Lohmann, K. \\ Phosphorus Compounds of Muscle and Liver / Fiske, Cyrus H.; Subbarow, Y. \\ On Intermediate Behavior in Glycolysis in the Musculature / Embden, G.; Deuticke, H. J.; Kraft, Gert \\ Glycogen Breakdown and Synthesis in Animal Tissues / Cori, CarL F. \\ Myosine and Adenosinetriphosphatase / Engelhardt, W. A.; Ljubimowa, M. N. \\ Metabolic Generation and Utilization of Phosphate Bond Energy / Lipmann, Fritz \\ The Role of Citric Acid in Intermediate Metabolism in Animal Tissues / Krebs, H. A.; Johnson, W. A. \\ Bibliography of Biographies \\ Name Index", } @Proceedings{Bastin:1971:QTB, editor = "Ted Bastin", booktitle = "Quantum Theory and Beyond: Essays and Discussions Arising from a Colloquium", title = "Quantum Theory and Beyond: Essays and Discussions Arising from a Colloquium", publisher = pub-CAMBRIDGE, address = pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr, pages = "viii + 345", year = "1971", ISBN = "0-521-07956-X", ISBN-13 = "978-0-521-07956-3", LCCN = "QC174.1 .Q37", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:08:23 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bunge-mario.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/77127237-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/77127237-t.html", abstract = "Quantum theory attempts to describe the discrete or atomic nature of matter and the physical world. This book contains the edited papers presented at a small informal colloquium held in Cambridge in 1968 to discuss the need for fundamental revision in quantum theory. Most schools of thought on the foundations of the theory were represented, and to direct discussion some participants proposed actual changes. A principal aim was to pinpoint the source of difficulty in current ideas of the time or, failing that, to present alongside each other the various viewpoints about them.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Digital edition in \cite{Bastin:2009:QTB}.", subject = "Quantum theory", tableofcontents = "List of participants \\ Preface \\ Part I. Introduction \\ 1. The function of the colloquium --- editorial \\ 2. The conceptual problem of quantum theory from the experimentalist's point of view / O. R. Frisch \\ Part II. Niels Bohr and Complementarity: The Place of the Classical Language \\ 3. The Copenhagen interpretation / C. F. von Weizs{\"a}cker \\ 4. On Bohr's views concerning the quantum theory / D. Bohm \\ Part III. The Measurement Problem \\ 5. Quantal observation in statistical interpretation / H. J. Groenewold \\ 6. Macroscopic physics, quantum mechanics and quantum theory of measurement / G. M. Prosperi \\ 7. Comment on the Daneri--Loinger--Prosperi quantum theory of measurement / Jeffrey Bub \\ 8. The phenomenology of observation and explanation in quantum theory / J. H. M. Whiteman \\ 9. Measurement theory and complex systems / M. A. Garstens \\ Part IV. New Directions within Quantum Theory: What does the Quantum Theoretical Formalism Really Tell Us? \\ 10. On the role of hidden variables in the fundamental structure of physics / D. Bohm \\ 11. Beyond what? Discussion: space-time order within existing quantum theory / C. W. Kilmister \\ 12. Definability and measurability in quantum theory / Yakir Aharonov and Aage Petersen \\ 13. The bootstrap idea and the foundations of quantum theory / Geoffrey F. Chew \\ Part V. A Fresh Start? \\ 14. Angular momentum: an approach to combinatorial space-time / Roger Penrose \\ 15. A note on discreteness, phase space and cohomology theory / B. J. Hiley \\ 16. Cohomology of observations / R. H. Atkin \\ 17. The origin of half-integral spin in a discrete physical space / Ted Bastin \\ Part VI. Philosophical Papers \\ 18. The unity of physics / C. F. von Weizs{\"a}cker \\ 19. A philosophical obstacle to the rise of new theories in microphysics / Mario Bunge \\ 20. The incompleteness of quantum mechanics or the emperor's missing clothes / H. R. Post \\ 21. How does a particle get from A to B? / Ted Bastin \\ 22. Informational generalization of entropy in physics / Jerome Rothstein \\ 23. Can life explain quantum mechanics? / H. H. Pattee \\ 24. Discussion: phenomena and sense data in quantum theory / D. S. Linney and C. F. von Weizs{\"a}cker \\ Index of persons \\ Index of subjects", } @Book{Graetzer:1971:DNF, author = "Hans G. Graetzer and David L. Anderson", booktitle = "The discovery of nuclear fission: a documentary history", title = "The discovery of nuclear fission: a documentary history", volume = "20", publisher = pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD, address = pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD:adr, pages = "viii + 120", year = "1971", LCCN = "QC790 .G68", bibdate = "Sun Jul 29 17:56:32 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "Van Nostrand Reinhold momentum books", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Nuclear fission; History", } @Book{Reines:1972:CFOa, editor = "Frederick Reines", booktitle = "Cosmology, fusion and other matters: {George Gamow} memorial volume", title = "Cosmology, fusion and other matters: {George Gamow} memorial volume", publisher = "Colorado Associated University Press", address = "Boulder, CO, USA", pages = "xiv + 320", year = "1972", ISBN = "0-87081-025-1", ISBN-13 = "978-0-87081-025-1", LCCN = "QC780 .C65", bibdate = "Tue May 17 10:00:24 MDT 2011", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/u/ulam-stanislaw-m.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, editor-dates = "Frederick, Reines (1918--1998)", subject = "Nuclear physics; Cosmology; Gamow, George", subject-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)", tableofcontents = "F. Reines / Introduction and preface \\ Alpher, R. A. and Herman, R. / Reflections on ``big bang'' cosmology \\ Hoyle, F. and Narlikar, J. V. / Conformal invariance in physics and cosmology \\ Penzias, A. A. / Cosmology and microwave astronomy \\ Wataghin, G. / On a model of the expanding universe \\ Dirac, P. A. M. / The variability of the gravitational constant \\ Teller, E. / Are the constants constant? \\ Fowler, W. A. / New observations and old nucleocosmochronologies \\ Shapiro, M. M., Silberberg, R., and Tsao, C. H. / Diffusion of cosmic rays and their source composition \\ Cowan, C. L. and Reines, F. / Neutrino physics --- prospects \\ Kavanagh, R. W. / Reaction rates in the proton-proton chain \\ Critchfield, C. L. / Analytic forms of the thermonuclear function \\ Tuck, J. L. / World energy reserves and some speculations on the future of nuclear fusion energy \\ Longmire, C. L. / Heating of charged particles by electric waves \\ Yourgrau, W. and van der Merwe, A. / Entropy (positive and negative), information and statistical thermodynamics \\ Ulam, S. M. / Gamow --- and mathematics \\ Delbr{\"u}ck, M. / Out of this world \\ Rosenfeld, L. / Nuclear reminiscences \\ Shapiro, M. M. / George Gamow --- an appreciation \\ Alpher, R. A. and Herman, R. / Memories of Gamow", } @Book{Gowing:1974:IDBa, author = "Margaret Gowing and Lorna Arnold", booktitle = "Independence and deterrence: {Britain} and atomic energy, 1945--1952", title = "Independence and deterrence: {Britain} and atomic energy, 1945--1952", publisher = "Macmillan", address = "London, UK", pages = "????", year = "1974", ISBN = "0-333-15781-8 (vol. 1)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-333-15781-7 (vol. 1)", LCCN = "QC773.3.G7 G68 1974b", bibdate = "Mon Aug 20 07:12:07 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "A continuation of \cite{Gowing:1964:BAEa}.", subject = "Atomic bomb; History; Nuclear energy; Research; Great Britain", tableofcontents = "v. 1. Policy making \\ v. 2. Policy execution", } @Book{Gowing:1974:IDBb, author = "Margaret Gowing and Lorna Arnold", booktitle = "Independence and deterrence: {Britain} and atomic energy, 1945--1952", title = "Independence and deterrence: {Britain} and atomic energy, 1945--1952", publisher = pub-ST-MARTINS, address = pub-ST-MARTINS:adr, pages = "????", year = "1974", LCCN = "QC773.3.G7 G68 1974", bibdate = "Mon Aug 20 07:12:07 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "A continuation of \cite{Gowing:1964:BAEb}.", subject = "Atomic bomb; History; Nuclear energy; Research; Great Britain", tableofcontents = "v. 1. Policy making \\ v. 2. Policy execution", } @Book{Wilson:1975:AOT, editor = "Jane Wilson", booktitle = "All in our time: the reminiscences of twelve nuclear pioneers", title = "All in our time: the reminiscences of twelve nuclear pioneers", publisher = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", address = "Chicago, IL, USA", pages = "236", year = "1975", LCCN = "QC773.A1 A44", bibdate = "Sat Aug 4 09:22:45 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Reprinted by the Educational Foundations for Nuclear Science, Chicago, IL, USA (1975).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Atomic bomb; History; Nuclear physics", tableofcontents = "Alvarez, L. W. / Berkeley in the 1930s \\ Abelson, P. H. / A graduate student with Ernest O. Lawrence \\ Kamen, M. D. / The birthplace of big science \\ Frisch, O. R. / Investigating fission \\ Anderson, H. L. / Assisting Fermi / 90 \\ Wattenberg, A. / Present at the creation \\ Manley, J. H. / Organizing a wartime laboratory \\ Wilson, R. R. / A recruit for Los Alamos \\ Hoffmann, F. de / A novel apprenticeship \\ McDaniel, B. / Journeyman physicist \\ Fitch, V. L. / Soldier in the ranks \\ Bainbridge, K. T. / Orchestrating the test", } @Proceedings{Aitchison:1977:RPT, editor = "Ian Johnston Rhind Aitchison and J. E. Paton", booktitle = "{Rudolf Peierls and theoretical physics: proceedings of the symposium held in Oxford on July 11th and 12th, 1974, to mark the occasion of the retirement of Professor Sir Rudolph E. Peierls, F.R.S., C.B.E.}", title = "{Rudolf Peierls and theoretical physics: proceedings of the symposium held in Oxford on July 11th and 12th, 1974, to mark the occasion of the retirement of Professor Sir Rudolph E. Peierls, F.R.S., C.B.E.}", volume = "13", publisher = pub-PERGAMON, address = pub-PERGAMON:adr, pages = "vii + 119 + 1", year = "1977", ISBN = "0-08-020606-9", ISBN-13 = "978-0-08-020606-6", LCCN = "QC1 .P3 1974", bibdate = "Sat May 5 08:29:20 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "Progress in nuclear physics", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, meetingname = "Peierls Symposium, Oxford, 1974.", subject = "Physics; Congresses; Peierls, Sir Rudolf Ernst", subject-dates = "Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 June 1907--19 September 1995)", tableofcontents = "The Scattering of Pions by Nuclei / Bethe, Hans Albrecht / 1 \\ Early Steps Towards The Chain Reaction / Frisch, O. R. / 18 \\ S & U / Berman, R. / 28 \\ Disordered Systems / Edwards, S. F. / 39 \\ Some Applications of Kapur--Peierls Resonance Theory / Brown, G. E. / 53 \\ Phase Transitions / Thouless, David James / 70 \\ Heavy Particles / Dalitz, Richard Henry / 86 \\ An Old-Timer Looks at modern Field Theory / Weisskopf, Victor Frederick / 107", } @Book{Duncan:1977:EI, editor = "Ronald Duncan and Miranda Weston-Smith", booktitle = "The Encyclopaedia of Ignorance", title = "The Encyclopaedia of Ignorance", publisher = pub-PERGAMON, address = pub-PERGAMON:adr, pages = "x + 443", year = "1977", ISBN = "0-08-021238-7 (hardcover), 0-08-022426-1 (flexicover), 0-08-021230-1 (paperback: volume 1), 0-08-021231-X (paperback: volume 2)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-08-021238-8 (hardcover), 978-0-08-022426-8 (flexicover), 978-0-08-021230-2 (paperback: volume 1), 978-0-08-021231-9 (paperback: volume 2)", LCCN = "Q158.5 .E53 1977", bibdate = "Sat May 5 08:51:51 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, bootitle = "The Encyclopaedia of Ignorance", remark = "Another reprint in two volumes.", shorttableofcontents = "Volume 1. Physical sciences \\ Volume 2. Life sciences and earth sciences", subject = "Science", tableofcontents = "Why / O. R. Frisch \\ The lure of completeness / Hermann Bondi \\ The nature of knowledge / R. A. Lyttleton \\ Is physics legislated by cosmogony? / J. A. Wheeler and C. M. Patton \\ The cosmical mystery / I. W. Roxburgh \\ Origin of earth, moon, and planets / W. H. McCrea \\ Galaxies, quasars and the universe / M. Rowan-Robinson \\ The solar interior / D. Gough \\ Curved space / P. C. W. Davies \\ Is space curved? / I. W. Roxburgh \\ The riddles of gravitation / B. Bertotti \\ Relativity and time / T. Gold \\ The ``arrow of time'' and quantum mechanics / A. J. Leggett \\ The hinterland between large and small / C. J. S. Clarke \\ A clash of paradigms in physics / T. Bastin \\ Emergent properties of complex systems / Alan Cottrell \\ Transformations / R. W. Cahn \\ The unknown atomic nucleus / Denys Wilkinson \\ Probing the heart of matter / A. Salam \\ Is nature complex? / R. Penrose \\ Complexity and transcomputability / H. J. Bremermann \\ Mathematics in the social sciences / C. W. Kilmister \\ Some unsolved problems in higher arithmetic / H. Halberstam \\ Introduction / John Kendrew \\ The sources of variation in evolution / R. J. Britten \\ The edge of evolution / J. C. Lacey, A. L. Weber and K. M. Pruitt \\ Fallacies of evolutionary theory / E. W. F. Tomlin \\ The limitations of evolutionary theory / J. Maynard Smith \\ Rethinking the origins of the genus homo / D. C. Johanson \\ The control of form in the living body / Vincent Wigglesworth \\ The languages of the brain / H. B. Barlow \\ Consciousness / R. L. Gregory \\ Learning and memory and the nervous system / H. A. Buchtel and G. Berlucchi \\ Developmental biology / F. H. C. Crick \\ Immunology / H. S. Micklem \\ Why are there blood groups? / A. E. Mourant \\ Leaf structure and function / P. J. Grubb \\ Symmetry and asymmetry problems in animals / A. C. Neville \\ Bacterial pathogenicity / K. A. Bettelheim \\ Human thought and action as an ingredient of system behaviour / M. M. Lehman \\ Human nutrition / M. V. Tracey \\ Why do we not understand pain? / P. D. Wall \\ Drug addiction / J. H. P. Willis \\ Sleep / W. B. Webb \\ Ascorbic acid and the glycosaminoglycans / E. Cameron and L. Pauling \\ The veils of Gaia / P. Cloud \\ The design of novel replicating polymers / A. G. Cairns-Smith and C. J. Davis \\ Synthetic life for industry / A. G. Cairns-Smith \\ The ecological dilemma / M. Holdgate and J. W. L. Beament \\ Ignorance below our feet / N. L. Falcon \\ Problems outstanding in the evolution of brain function / R. W. Sperry", } @Book{Duncan:1979:LTC, editor = "Ronald Duncan and Miranda Weston-Smith", booktitle = "Lying truths: a critical scrutiny of current beliefs and conventions", title = "Lying truths: a critical scrutiny of current beliefs and conventions", publisher = pub-PERGAMON, address = pub-PERGAMON:adr, pages = "vi + 242", year = "1979", ISBN = "0-08-021978-0", ISBN-13 = "978-0-08-021978-3", LCCN = "AZ999 .L94 1979", bibdate = "Sat May 5 09:34:04 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Common fallacies", tableofcontents = "Introduction / Ronald Duncan and Miranda Weston-Smith \\ Man is born free, and he is everywhere in chains / Colin Wilson \\ The right to work / Colin Wilson \\ Merit is always recognised / Ronald Duncan \\ Intended conduct and unintended consequences / Antony Flew \\ Mass media assist communication / Miranda Weston-Smith \\ The cold war is over / Brian Crozier \\ Broken eggs, but no omelette: Russia before the revolution / Colin Welch \\ Compulsory state education raises educational standards / Rhoades Boyson \\ Education can change society? / Lewis Elton \\ The fallacy of environmentalism / H. D. Purcell \\ A boquet of fallacies from medicine and medical science with a sideways glance at mathematics and logic / Sir Peter Medawar \\ The myth of mind control / Stuart Sutherland \\ The lying truths of psychiatry / Thomas Szasz \\ Reality exists outside us? / P. C. W. Davies \\ Science is objective / Sir Alan Cottrell \\ You can prove anything with statistics / Otto R. Frisch / 171--179 \\ The gold effect / Raymond A. Lyttleton \\ Nothing but \ldots{}? / Arthur Koestler \\ Religion is a good thing / Sir Hermann Bondi \\ Human beings desire happiness / Nicholas Mosley \\ Charity begins at home / Peter Walker \\ Novelty is the chief aim in art / E. W. F. Tomlin", } @Proceedings{Stuewer:1979:NPR, editor = "Roger H. Stuewer", booktitle = "{Nuclear physics in retrospect: proceedings of a symposium on the 1930s}", title = "{Nuclear physics in retrospect: proceedings of a symposium on the 1930s}", publisher = pub-U-MINNESOTA, address = pub-U-MINNESOTA:adr, pages = "xvi + 340", year = "1979", ISBN = "0-8166-0869-5", ISBN-13 = "978-0-8166-0869-0", LCCN = "QC773 .S95 1977", bibdate = "Thu Aug 2 06:46:14 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, meetingname = "Symposium on the History of Nuclear Physics, University of Minnesota, 1977.", remark-1 = "From the front matter: ``Dedicated to the memories of Eugene Feenberg and Laura Fermi whose recent deaths brought home to everyone the importance of having held this Symposium.''", remark-2 = "Pages 77--79 have a discussion by Otto Robert Frisch, Laura Fermi, John Wheeler, and others about how the news of nuclear fission arrived in America on 16 January 1939 after the arrival of Niels Bohr and L{\'e}on Rosenfeld on the ship Drottningholm in New York. Laura Fermi and John Wheeler were both at the pier to meet them.", subject = "Nuclear physics; History; Congresses", tableofcontents = "Conference Participants / xiii--xvii \\ Welcome / Alfred O. Nier, University of Minnesota / 3--4 \\ Introduction / Henry Koffler, University of Minnesota / 5--8 \\ Introduction / Alfred O. Nier, University of Minnesota / 10--10 The Happy Thirties / Hans A. Bethe, Cornell University / 9--31 \\ Introduction / William A. Fowler, California Institute of Technology / 34--34 \\ Nuclear Physics in Rome / Emilio G. Segre, University of California, Berkeley / 35--61 \\ Introduction / William A. Fowler, California Institute of Technology / 64--64 \\ Experimental Work with Nuclei: Hamburg, London, Copenhagen / Otto R. Frisch, University of Cambridge / 65--79 \\ Introduction / Herman Feshbach, Massachusetts Institute of Technology / 82--82 \\ The Nuclear Photoelectric Effect and Remarks on Higher Multipole Transitions: A Personal History / Maurice Goldhaber, Brookhaven National Laboratory / 83--110 \\ Introduction / H. H. Barschall, University of Wisconsin / 112--112 \\ Early History of Particle Accelerators / Edwin M. McMillan, University of California, Berkeley / 113--155 \\ Introduction / H. H. Barschall, University of Wisconsin / 158--159 \\ The Neutron: The Impact of Its Discovery and Its Uses / Eugene P. Wigner, Princeton University / 159--178 \\ Introduction / Robert Serber, Columbia University / 180--181\\ The Development of Our Ideas on the Nuclear Forces / Rudolf Peierls, University of Oxford and University of Washington / 183--211 \\ Introduction / R. R. Wilson, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory / 214--215 \\ Some Men and Moments in the History of Nuclear Physics: The Interplay of Colleagues and Motivations / John A. Wheeler, Princeton University and University of Texas at Austin / 217--322 \\ Name Index / 325--332 \\ Subject Index / 333--340", } @Book{Alton:1982:RPC, author = "Jeannine Alton and Julia Latham-Jackson", booktitle = "Report on the papers and correspondence of Otto Robert Frisch, {FRS}, physicist (1904-1979) deposited in Trinity College Library, Cambridge", title = "Report on the papers and correspondence of Otto Robert Frisch, {FRS}, physicist (1904-1979) deposited in Trinity College Library, Cambridge", publisher = "Reproduced for the Contemporary Scientific Archives Centre by the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts", address = "London, UK", pages = "155 leaves", year = "1982", LCCN = "Z6611.P57 A47 1982 QC21.2", bibdate = "Wed May 2 22:02:32 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "``Reproduced for the Contemporary Scientific Archives Centre (CASC 87/5/82).''. ``No 82/25.''.", subject = "Physics; History; Sources; Manuscripts; Catalogs; Frisch, Otto Robert; Manuscripts, English; England; Cambridge", subject-dates = "1904--1979", } @Book{Weart:1985:HP, editor = "Spencer R. Weart and Melba Phillips", booktitle = "History of physics", title = "History of physics", volume = "2", publisher = pub-AIP, address = pub-AIP:adr, pages = "375", year = "1985", ISBN = "0-88318-468-0 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-88318-468-4 (paperback)", LCCN = "QC7 .H694 1985", bibdate = "Tue Sep 4 18:34:44 MDT 2012", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/slater-john-clarke.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jshs.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "Readings from \booktitle{Physics Today}", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Physics; History; Sources", tableofcontents = "1 / CHAPTER 1: BEFORE OUR TIMES \\ 2 / The prehistory of solid-state physics / Cyril Stanley Smith \\ 12 / Franklin's Physics / John L. Heilbron \\ 18 / A sketch for a history of early thermodynamics / E. Mendoza \\ 25 / A sketch for a history of the kinetic theory of gases / E. Mendoza \\ 29 / Rowland's physics / John D. Miller \\ 36 / Michelson and his interferometer / Robert S. Shankland \\ 42 / Poincare and cosmic evolution / Stephen G. Brush \\ 50 / Steps toward the Hertzsprung--Russell Diagram // David H. DeVorkin \\ 59 / CHAPTER 2: INSTITUTIONS OF PHYSICS \\ 61 / The roots of solid-state research at Bell Labs / Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson \\ 68 / Some personal experiences in the international coordination of crystal diffractometry / P. P. Ewald \\ 74 / The founding of the American Institute of Physics / Karl T. Compton \\ 78 / The first fifty years of the AAPT / Melba Phillips \\ 86 / The giant cancer tube and the Kellogg Radiation Laboratory / Charles H. Holbrow \\ 94 / The evolution of the Office of Naval Research / The Bird Dogs \\ 101 / CHAPTER 3: SOCIAL CONTEXT \\ 103 / Nagaoka to Rutherford, 22 February 1911 / Lawrence Badash \\ 108 / American physics and the origins of electrical engineering / Robert Rosenberg \\ 115 / Physics in the Great Depression / Charles Weiner \\ 123 / Scientists with a secret / Spencer R. Weart \\ 130 / Some thoughts on science in the Federal government / Edward U. Condon \\ 138 / Fifty years of physics education / A. P. French \\ 149 / Women in physics: unnecessary, injurious and out of place? / Vera Kistiakowsky \\ 159 / The last fifty years --- A revolution? / Spencer R. Weart \\ 171 / CHAPTER 4: BIOGRAPHY \\ 173 / The two Ernests / Mark L. Oliphant \\ 194 / Van Vleck and magnetism / Philip W. Anderson \\ 198 / Alfred Lee Loomis --- last great amateur of science / Luis W. Alvarez \\ 208 / Harold Urey and the discovery of deuterium / Ferdinand G. Brickwedde \\ 214 / Pyotr Kapitza, octogenarian dissident / Grace Marmor Spruch \\ 221 / The young Oppenheimer: Letters and recollections / Alice Kimball Smith and Charles Weiner \\ 228 / Maria Goeppert Mayer --- two-fold pioneer / Robert G. Sachs \\ 234 / Philip Morrison --- A profile / Anne Eisenberg \\ 241 / CHAPTER 5: PERSONAL ACCOUNTS \\ 243 / How I created the theory of relativity / Albert Einstein \\ 246 / It might as well be spin / Samuel A. Goudsmit and George E. Uhlenbeck \\ 255 / History of the cyclotron. Part I / M. Stanley Livingston \\ 261 / History of the cyclotron. Part II / Edwin M. McMillan \\ 272 / The discovery of fission / Otto R. Frisch and John A. Wheeler \\ 282 / Physics at Columbia University / Enrico Fermi \\ 287 / CHAPTER 6: PARTICLES AND QUANTA \\ 289 / J. J. Thomson and the discovery of the electron / George P. Thomson \\ 294 / Thermodynamics and quanta in Planck's work / Martin J. Klein \\ 303 / J. J. Thomson and the Bohr atom / John L. Heilbron \\ 310 / Sixty years of quantum physics / Edward U. Condon \\ 319 / Heisenberg and the early days of quantum mechanics / Felix Bloch \\ 324 / Electron diffraction: Fifty years ago / Richard K. Gehrenbeck \\ 332 / 1932 --- Moving into the new physics / Charles Weiner \\ 340 / The idea of the neutrino / Laurie M. Brown \\ \\ 346 / The birth of elementary-particle physics / Laurie M. Brown and Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson \\ 354 / The discovery of electron tunneling into superconductors / Roland W. Schmitt \\ 358 / The development of field theory in the last fifty years / Victor F. Weisskopf", } @Book{Goldschmidt:1987:PAF, author = "Bertrand Goldschmidt", booktitle = "Pionniers de l'atome. ({French}) [{Pioneers} of the atom]", title = "Pionniers de l'atome. ({French}) [{Pioneers} of the atom]", publisher = "Stock", address = "Paris, France", pages = "484 + 8", year = "1987", ISBN = "2-234-02070-0", ISBN-13 = "978-2-234-02070-2", LCCN = "QC773 .G64 1987", bibdate = "Mon Jun 11 10:29:07 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "See also English translation \cite{Goldschmidt:1990:AR}.", URL = "http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4803658x", abstract = "R{\'e}cit de la carri{\`e}re scientifique de Bertrand Goldschmidt, ``dans le contexte de l'histoire politique et technique de l'uranium, du radium, et des premiers travaux qui ont men{\'e} d'abord {\`a} l'arme atomique, puis {\`a} la production d'{\'e}lectricit{\'e} d'origine nucl{\'e}aire''. La p{\'e}riode couverte s'{\'e}tend de 1930 {\`a} 1953, mais l'accent est mis sur les ann{\'e}es 1939 {\`a} 1945, d{\'e}terminantes pour l'avenir de l'{\'e}nergie atomique. [Story of the scientific career of Bertrand Goldschmidt, ``in the context of political history and technique of uranium, radium, and early work that led first to the atomic weapon, then to the production of electricity of nuclear origin''. The period covered extends from 1930 to 1953 but the focus is over the years 1939 to 1945, determining the future of atomic energy.]", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Fritz Strassmann; Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Joliot-Curie; Ir{\`e}ne Joliot-Cure; Lise Meitner; Marie Curie; Otto Hahn; Otto Robert Frisch", language = "French", subject = "Atomic bomb; History; France; Nuclear energy; Physicists; Biography; Goldschmidt, Bertrand", tableofcontents = "Avant-Propos / 7 \\ Premi{\`e}re Partie --- Les pionniers / 11 \\ 1: De l'{\'e}cole au laboratoire / 13 \\ 2: La d{\'e}couverte de la fission / 33 \\ 3: La vall{\'e}e de Saint-Joachim / 43 \\ 4: Brevets fran{\c{c}}ais et uranium belge / 63 \\ 5: De Tahiti {\`a} Poitiers / 81 \\ 6: L'eau lourde norv{\'e}gienne / 97 \\ 7: La double r{\'e}vocation / 109 \\ Deuxi{\`e}me Partie: Les exil{\'e}s / 127 \\ 8: Le fil coup{\'e} / 129 \\ 9: L'accueil britannique / 141 \\ 10: Le rapport Maud / 155 \\ 11: Le fil renou{\'e} / 169 \\ 12: En plein secret / 185 \\ 13: Le transfert au Canada / 199 \\ 14: Turbulences anglo-am{\'e}ricaines / 213 \\ 15: Le retour au calme / 235 \\ 16: La collaboration restreinte / 249 \\ 17: La double all{\'e}geance / 263 \\ 18: Ouragan sur les ondes / 289 \\ 19: La promesse tenue / 315 \\ 20: Rappel{\'e}, retenu et renvoy{\'e} / 327 \\ Troisi{\`e}me Partie: Les fondateurs / 349 \\ 21: Les premiers pas du CEA / 351 \\ 22: Bikini et la renomm{\'e}e / 371 \\ 23: La grande n{\'e}gociation / 385 \\ 24: Une pile toute simple / 405 \\ 25: Le rouge et le rose / 427 \\ 26: Le tournant / 449 \\ Annexes / 467 \\ Index / 471 \\ Table / 479", } @Book{Stolz:1989:OHL, author = "Werner Stolz", booktitle = "{Otto Hahn\slash Lise Meitner}", title = "{Otto Hahn\slash Lise Meitner}", publisher = "Vieweg + Teubner Verlag", address = "????", year = "1989", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82223-9", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Goldschmidt:1990:AR, author = "Bertrand Goldschmidt", booktitle = "Atomic Rivals", title = "Atomic Rivals", publisher = pub-RUTGERS, address = pub-RUTGERS:adr, pages = "xvii + 372 + 8", year = "1990", ISBN = "0-8135-1518-1 (hardcover), 0-8135-1519-X (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-8135-1518-2 (hardcover), 978-0-8135-1519-9 (paperback)", LCCN = "QC773 .G6413 1990", bibdate = "Mon Jun 11 11:23:33 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "English translation of \cite{Goldschmidt:1987:PAF}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Goldschmidt, Bertrand; Atomic bomb; History; France; Nuclear energy; Physicists; Biography; K{\"a}rnvapen", tableofcontents = "Foreword by Glenn T. Seaborg / vii \\ Translator's Preface / xiii \\ Author's Preface / xv \\ Part One: The Pioneers \\ 1. From School to Laboratory / 3 \\ 2. The Discovery of Fission / 20 \\ 3. The Valley of Saint-Joachim / 28 \\ 4. French Patents and Belgian Uranium / 45 \\ 5. From Tahiti to Poitiers / 60 \\ 6. The Norwegian Heavy Water / 74 \\ 7. The Double Dismissal / 84 \\ Part Two: The Exiles \\ 8. The Thread Is Cut / 101 \\ 9. The British Reception / 112 \\ 10. The Maud Report / 124 \\ 11. The Thread Is Retied / 136 \\ 12. In Total Secrecy / 149 \\ 13. The Transfer to Canada / 160 \\ 14. Anglo--American Turbulence / 173 \\ 15. The Calm Returns / 191 \\ 16. Limited Collaboration / 202 \\ 17. The Double Allegiance / 213 \\ 18. Hurricane on the Waves / 235 \\ 19. The Promise Kept / 257 \\ 20. Recalled, Retained, and Returned / 266 \\ Part Three: The Founders \\ 21. The First Steps of the CEA / 287 \\ 22. Bikini and Fame / 300 \\ 23. The Great Negotiation / 309 \\ 24. A Very Simple Pile / 325 \\ 25. The Red and the Pink / 338 \\ 26. The Turning Point / 354 \\ Acknowledgments / 365 \\ Name Index / 367", } @Book{Szasz:1992:BSMa, author = "Ferenc Morton Szasz", booktitle = "{British} scientists and the {Manhattan Project}: the {Los Alamos} years", title = "{British} scientists and the {Manhattan Project}: the {Los Alamos} years", publisher = "Macmillan", address = "Basingstoke, UK", pages = "xx + 167", year = "1992", ISBN = "1-349-12731-0, 0-333-56597-5", ISBN-13 = "978-1-349-12731-3, 978-0-333-56597-1", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:53:57 MDT 2018", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-349-12731-3", abstract = "During World War II, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill pooled their nations' resources in the race to beat the Germans to the secret of the atomic bomb. This book tells the story of the British scientists who journeyed to Los Alamos to help develop the world's first nuclear weapons.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1940--2010", subject = "Scientists; Great Britain; Atomic bomb; Research; History; New Mexico; Los Alamos; Research.; International cooperation.; Scientists.; Kernwapens.; Natuurkundigen.", } @Book{Szasz:1992:BSMb, author = "Ferenc Morton Szasz", booktitle = "{British} scientists and the {Manhattan Project}: the {Los Alamos} years", title = "{British} scientists and the {Manhattan Project}: the {Los Alamos} years", publisher = pub-ST-MARTINS, address = pub-ST-MARTINS:adr, pages = "xx + 167", year = "1992", ISBN = "0-312-06167-6", ISBN-13 = "978-0-312-06167-8", LCCN = "QC773.3.U5 S97 1991", bibdate = "Sun Sep 1 09:51:17 MDT 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0809/91019904-d.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1940--2010", subject = "Scientists; Great Britain; Atomic bomb; Research; History; New Mexico; Los Alamos", tableofcontents = "Preface \\ Introduction \\ 1: Background / 1 \\ 2: The British Mission at Los Alamos: The Scientific Dimension / 16 \\ 3: The British Mission at Los Alamos: The Social Dimension / 32 \\ 4: The Aftermath / 46 \\ 5: Varieties of the British Mission Experience / 56 \\ 6: The Strange Tale of Klaus Fuchs / 82 \\ 7: The British Mission and the Postwar Nuclear Culture / 97 \\ Notes: 107 \\ Appendix I: The Postwar Careers of the British Mission / 133 \\ Appendix II: The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum (March 1940) / 141 \\ Appendix III: Ralph Carlisle Smith's Summary of the British Mission at Los Alamos / 148 \\ Appendix IV: Otto Frisch's Eyewitness Account of the July 16, 1945, Atomic Explosion at Trinity Site, Alamogordo Air Base, New Mexico / 152 \\ Bibliography / 154 \\ Index / 163", } @Book{Dalitz:1997:SSP, editor = "Richard Henry Dalitz and {Sir} Rudolf Peierls", booktitle = "Selected scientific papers of {Sir Rudolf Peierls}: with commentary", title = "Selected scientific papers of {Sir Rudolf Peierls}: with commentary", volume = "19", publisher = pub-WORLD-SCI, address = pub-WORLD-SCI:adr, pages = "xxiii + 805", year = "1997", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1142/3128", ISBN = "981-02-2692-6 (hardcover), 981-02-2693-4 (paperback), 981-279-577-4 (e-book)", ISBN-13 = "978-981-02-2692-3 (hardcover), 978-981-02-2693-0 (paperback), 978-981-279-577-9 (e-book)", LCCN = "QC21.2 .P42 1997", MRclass = "01A75 (81-03 82-03)", MRnumber = "1632685", MRreviewer = "H. S. Green", bibdate = "Sat Apr 14 08:00:09 MDT 2018", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib", series = "World Scientific series in 20th century physics", URL = "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/1997sspr.book.....D; https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/1997ssps.book.....P; https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/1997WSSP...19.....D; https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/3128", ZMnumber = "0997.01522", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Richard Dalitz (28 February 1925--13 January 2006), Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls (5 June 1907--19 September 1995)", tableofcontents = "1. On the theory of galvanomagnetic effects \\ 2. On the theory of the Hall effect \\ 3. On the existence of stationary states \\ 4. On the kinetic theory of thermal conduction in crystals \\ 5. On the theory of electric and thermal conductivity of metals \\ 6. Two remarks on the theory of conductivity \\ 7. Quantum electrodynamics in configuration space \\ 8. Extension of the uncertainty principle to relativistic quantum theory \\ 9. On the absorption spectra of solids \\ 10. On the theory of the diamagnetism of conduction electrons \\ 11. On the theory of the diamagnetism of conduction electrons, II. Strong magnetic fields \\ 12. Remarks on the theory of metals \\ 13. On the statistical basis for the electron theory of metals \\ 14. Remarks on transition temperatures \\ 15. The ``neutrino'' \\ 16. The neutrino \\ 17. Quantum theory of the diplon \\ 18. The scattering of neutrons by protons \\ 19. Statistical error in counting experiments \\ 20. Statistical theory of superlattices with unequal concentrations of the components \\ 21. Note on the derivation of the equation of state for a degenerate relativistic gas \\ 22. Magnetic transition curves of supraconductors \\ 23. Statistical theory of adsorption with interaction between the adsorbed atoms \\ 24. On Ising's model of ferromagnetism \\ 25. Penetration into potential barriers in several dimensions \\ 26. Heat conduction in liquid helium \\ 27. The dispersion formula for nuclear reactions \\ 28. On minimum property of the free energy \\ 29. Nuclear reactions in the continuous energy region \\ 30. Critical conditions in neutron multiplication \\ 31. Interpretation of beta-disintegration data \\ 32. The size of a dislocation \\ 33. The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum of 1940 (in 2 parts) \\ 34. The Bohr theory of nuclear reactions \\ 35. Separation of isotopes \\ 36. On Lorentz invariance in the quantum theory \\ 37. The equation of state of air at high temperatures \\ 38. Expansions in terms of sets of functions with complex eigenvalues \\ 39. The commutation laws of relativistic field theory \\ 40. The polyneutron theory of the origin of the elements \\ 41. Properties of form factors in non-local theories \\ 42. A study of gauge-invariant non-local interactions \\ 43. Field equations in functional form \\ 44. Note on the vibration spectrum of a crystal \\ 45. The coherent scattering of $\gamma$-rays by K electrons in heavy atoms. I. Method \\ 46. Interpretation and properties of propagators \\ 47. The Peierls transition \\ 48. The collective model of nuclear motion \\ 49. Two-stage model of Fermi interactions \\ 50. Complex eigenvalues in scattering theory \\ 51. Selected topics in nuclear theory \\ 52. Velocity-dependent nuclear forces \\ 53. Variational approach to collective motion \\ 54. The Villars formalism for nuclear rotation \\ 55. Time reversal and the second law of thermodynamics \\ 56. The momentum of a light wave in a refracting medium \\ 57. Perturbation theory for projected states \\ 58. The force on a moving charge in an electron gas \\ 59. Perturbation theory for projected states, II. Convergence criteria and a soluble model \\ 60. Test of projected perturbation theory on a simplified model of H[symbol] \\ 61. Some simple remarks on the basis of transport theory \\ 62. The force in electromigration \\ 63. The momentum of light in a refractive medium \\ 64. Resonant states and their uses \\ 65. Local approximation to a non-local potential \\ 66. Model-making in physics \\ 67. The momentum of a sound pulse in a slightly dispersive medium \\ 68. Momentum and pseudomomentum of light and sound \\ 69. Observations in quantum mechanics and the ``collapse of the wave function'' \\ 70. Shape of solitons in classically forbidden states: ``Lorentz expansion'' \\ 71. In defence of ``measurement'' \\ 72. Broken symmetries", } @Book{Mladjenovic:1998:DYN, author = "Milorad Mladjenovi{\'c}", booktitle = "The Defining Years in Nuclear Physics, 1932--1960s", title = "The Defining Years in Nuclear Physics, 1932--1960s", publisher = pub-IOP, address = pub-IOP:adr, pages = "xx + 441", year = "1998", ISBN = "0-7503-0472-3 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-7503-0472-6 (hardcover)", LCCN = "QC773 .M54 1998", bibdate = "Mon Jul 4 10:32:56 MDT 2016", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", abstract = "Creation, in science, is like any other process, highly individual. Nuclear physics, more than any other branch of physics, has shaped the public perception of science this century. Professor Mladjenovic has put together a fascinating account of the scientists, and their discoveries, in chronological order. It describes the work of the founding fathers of nuclear physics, from Gamow and Dirac, to Van de Graaff and Siegbahn (amongst others). It is the author's view of the most important discoveries made, and reflects, in part, the research he has carried out. Topics include nuclear spectroscopy, in particular beta-ray spectrometers and internal conversion. The author starts from the discovery of the neutron in 1932, to nuclear fission, and closes with sub-atomic processes. The book is written for students of modern physics courses, and as a reference for those interested in the historical development of the subject. Full references for further reading, and to the original papers are provided.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1920--", remark = "From the inside cover: With reference to the following Nobel Prize winners: ALVAREZ; ANDERSON; BETHE; BLACKETT; BOHR Aage and MOTTELSON; BOHR Niels; BOTHE; CHADWICK; COCKCROFT and WALTON; DIRAC; FERMI; HAHN and STRASSMAN; HEISENBERG; HOFSTADTER; JOLIOT-CURIES; LAWRENCE; LEE and YOUNG; MAYER and JENSEN; McMILLAN; SEGRE; SIEGBAHN Kai; WIGNER", shorttableofcontents = "Part 1. From the discovery of the neutron to nuclear fission. The state of nuclear physics in 193l \\ Discovery of the neutron \\ Discovery of the positron and artificial radioactivity \\ Radioactivity produced by neutrons \\ Discovery of fission \\ Nuclear forces \\ Part 2. Nuclear instruments. Nuclear accelerators \\ Gas counters \\ The scintillation counter \\ Semiconductor counters \\ Beta-ray spectrometers \\ gamma-decay \\ Internal conversion \\ Beta-decay \\ Part 3. Nuclear models. The nuclear shell model \\ Collective models \\ Individual-particle models \\ Part 4. Nuclear reactions. First experiments with the accelerated particles \\ Nucleon-nucleon scattering \\ Low-energy nuclear reactions", subject = "Nuclear physics; History; Instruments; Nuclear models; Nuclear reactions; Nuclear models; Nuclear physics; Instruments; Nuclear reactions; Kernfysica; Physique nucl{\'e}aire; 20e si{\`e}cle; Kernphysik; Geschichte 1932--1969", tableofcontents = "Acknowledgments / v \\ Preface / xvii \\ General References / xvii \\ PART 1: FROM THE DISCOVERY OF THE NEUTRON TO NUCLEAR FISSION / 1 \\ THE STATE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN 1931 / 3 \\ 1.1 The first book on nuclear structure / 3 \\ 1.2 Nuclear spin and nuclear constitution / 4 \\ 1.3 Statistics / 6 \\ 1.4 Alpha decay / 9 \\ 1.4.1 Gamow's theory / 10 \\ 1.4.2 Comparison with the empirical data / 13 \\ 1.5 Nuclear transmutations / 15 \\ DISCOVERY OF THE NEUTRON / 19 \\ 2.1 The experiment of Bothe and Becker / 21 \\ 2.2 The Curie and Joliot papers / 23 \\ 2.3 Work in Cambridge / 26 \\ 2.3.1 Letter to Nature / 27 \\ 2.3.2 Reaction in Paris / 28 \\ 2.3.3 A rare confession / 29 \\ DISCOVERY OF THE POSITRON AND ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY / 31 \\ 3.1 Dirac's theory of the positron / 31 \\ 3.1.1 Electrons and protons / 32 \\ 3.1.2 Anti-electrons / 34 \\ 3.2 Discovery of the positron / 36 \\ 3.2.1 Anderson's discovery / 36 \\ 3.2.2 Confirmation for Blackett and Occhialini / 39 \\ 3.3 Discovery of artificial radioactivity / 40 \\ 3.3.1 `Transmutation positrons' / 41 \\ 3.3.2 Positron radioactivity / 43 \\ 4 RADIOACTIVITY PRODUCED BY NEUTRONS / 46 \\ 4.1 The work of the Fermi group in Rome / 46 \\ 4.1.1 April--July 1934 / 47 \\ 4.1.2 The first transuranium controversy / 48 \\ 4.1.3 Summary of the first phase of work / 49 \\ 4.1.4 The discovery of neutron thermalization / 51 \\ 4.2 The physics of slow neutrons / 53 \\ 4.2.1 The end of Fermi's group in Rome / 54 \\ 5 DISCOVERY OF FISSION / 56 \\ 5.1 The early work of Hahn, Meitner and Strassmann / 56 \\ 5.1.1 Transuranium isomeric disintegration series / 58 \\ 5.2 The 3.5 h activity of Curie and Savi{\'c} / 63 \\ 5.3 Fission / 65 \\ 5.3.1 Lise Meitner's departure / 65 \\ 5.3.2 Radium isomers / 65 \\ 5.3.3 Radium isomers were barium isotopes / 65 \\ 5.3.4 The Hahn--Meitner letters / 67 \\ 5.3.5 The interpretation of Meitner and Frisch / 67 \\ 6 NUCLEAR FORCES / 70 \\ 6.1 First nuclear models with neutrons / 70 \\ 6.1.1 18 April / 70 \\ 6.1.2 21 April / 70 \\ 6.1.3 25 April / 71 \\ 6.1.4 18 July / 71 \\ 6.1.5 17 August / 71 \\ 6.2 Heisenberg's first paper / 71 \\ 6.3 Heisenberg's second and third papers / 73 \\ 6.3.1 Comments / 74 \\ 6.4 Majorana's paper / 74 \\ 6.5 Heisenberg's review paper / 76 \\ 6.6 Wave equation of the deuteron / 79 \\ PART 2: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS / 83 \\ 7 NUCLEAR ACCELERATORS / 85 \\ 7.1 The Cockcroft--Walton accelerator / 86 \\ 7.1.1 The 300 kV model / 87 \\ 7.1.2 The second apparatus / 87 \\ 7.1.3 Other Cockcroft--Walton accelerators / 89 \\ 7.2 The cyclotron / 90 \\ 7.2.1 Cyclotron acceleration / 91 \\ 7.2.2 Early cyclotrons / 92 \\ 7.2.3 Larger cyclotrons / 94 \\ 7.2.4 The synchrocyclotron / 95 \\ 7.3 The electrostatic (Van de Graaff) generator / 96 \\ 7.3.1 Early models / 97 \\ 7.3.2 The first single-electrode generator / 99 \\ 7.3.3 Design advances / 99 \\ 7.3.4 Tandems / 101 \\ 7.4 Linear accelerators / 102 \\ 7.4.1 The first linear accelerator at Berkeley / 103 \\ 7.4.2 The first proton linear accelerators / 105 \\ 7.5 The betatron / 105 \\ 7.5.1 The principle of operation / 105 \\ 7.6 Synchrotrons / 107 \\ 7.6.1 The electron synchrotrons / 107 \\ 7.6.2 The proton synchrotron / 108 \\ 7.7 Alternating gradient focusing / 108 \\ 7.8 Colliding beams and storage rings / 109 \\ 7.9 Accelerator development / 110 \\ 8 GAS COUNTERS / 114 \\ 8.1 Point and trigger counters / 114 \\ 8.2 The Geiger--Muller counter / 120 \\ 8.2.1 Non-self-quenching counters / 120 \\ 8.2.2 Self-quenching counters / 122 \\ 8.3 The proportional counter / 127 \\ 8.3.1 Spectrometry / 129 \\ 9 THE SCINTILLATION COUNTER / 131 \\ 9.1 Photomultipliers / 132 \\ 9.2 Beginnings / 133 \\ 9.2.1 1947 / 134 \\ 9.2.2 1948 / 134 \\ 9.2.3 1949 / 135 \\ 9.2.4 1950 / 136 \\ 9.3 Properties of scintillation detectors / 137 \\ 9.3.1 Organic crystals / 137 \\ 9.3.2 Inorganic crystals / 139 \\ 9.4 $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy with scintillators / 141 \\ 9.4.1 First $\gamma$-spectra / 143 \\ 9.4.2 Maturity of $\gamma$-ray scintillation spectroscopy / 148 \\ 10 SEMICONDUCTOR COUNTERS / 151 \\ 10.1 Early investigations / 151 \\ 10.1.1 Counting mechanism / 152 \\ 10.2 The second phase (1949--1959) / 153 \\ 10.2.1 The pioneering work of McKay / 153 \\ 10.2.2 The response / 155 \\ 10.2.3 Surface barrier detector / 155 \\ 10.2.4 Temperature effects / 156 \\ 10.3 The third phase (1960--1965) / 158 \\ 10.3.1 Laboratory work / 158 \\ 10.3.2 Silicon detector development / 158 \\ 10.3.3 Lithium drifting counters / 158 \\ 10.4 $\gamma$-ray spectrometry / 159 \\ 10.4.1 Summary 1959--1965 / 160 \\ Appendix / 161 \\ A.I Semiconductor structure / 161 \\ A.2 Junctions / 163 \\ A.3 p--i--n junctions / 165 \\ 11 BETA-RAY SPECTROMETERS / 168 \\ 11.1 Lenses / 168 \\ 11.1.1 Long lenses / 170 \\ 11.1.2 Short lenses / 173 \\ 11.1.3 Intermediate lenses / 173 \\ 11.1.4 Coincidence spectrometers / 173 \\ 11.2 The second generation of semi-circular spectrometers / 175 \\ 11.2.1 Modifications / 175 \\ 11.3 Double-focusing $\pi \sqrt{2}$ spectrometers / 175 \\ 11.3.1 Design of $\pi \sqrt{2}$ spectrometers / 176 \\ 11.3.2 Multistrip sources / 177 \\ 11.3.3 Aberration correctors / 177 \\ 11.3.4 Greater focusing angles / 179 \\ 11.4 Prismatic (sector) spectrometers / 181 \\ 11.4.1 Uniform-field sector / 181 \\ 11.4.2 Double-focusing spectrometers / 181 \\ 11.5 Toroidal (orange) spectrometers / 183 \\ 11.6 Trochoidal spectrometers / 185 \\ 11.7 Optical analogy spectrometer / 186 \\ 11.8 Precision spectroscopy / 187 \\ 11.8. l Nuclear decay schemes / 187 \\ 11.8.2 Precision of electron energy measurements / 188 \\ 11.9 Closing comments / 191 \\ 12 GAMMA-DECAY / 195 \\ 12.1 Dirac's first formula / 195 \\ 12.2 Dirac's second formula / 196 \\ 12.3 Multipole fields / 196 \\ 12.3.1 Heitler's contribution / 197 \\ 12.3.2 The Weisskopf--Franz contribution / 197 \\ 12.4 Single-particle transitions / 198 \\ 12.4.1 Selection rules / 199 \\ 12.5 Measurement of transition probabilities / 200 \\ 12.5.1 Coincidence measurements / 201 \\ 12.5.2 The oscilloscope method / 203 \\ 12.5.3 The time of flight method / 204 \\ 12.5.4 Resonance scattering and absorption / 204 \\ 12.5.5 M{\"o}ssbauer effect / 204 \\ 12.5.6 Coulomb excitation / 206 \\ 12.6 Classification of nuclear transition probabilities / 206 \\ 12.7 Angular correlations / 207 \\ 12.7.1 Polarization-direction correlation / 209 \\ 13 INTERNAL CONVERSION / 214 \\ 13.1 First measurements / 214 \\ 13.2 Early theoretical calculations / 216 \\ 13.3 Tables of coefficients / 221 \\ 13.3.1 The work of Rose and collaborators / 221 \\ 13.3.2 The effects of final nuclear size / 222 \\ 13.4 Summing up in 1965 / 224 \\ 13.4.1 K-conversion coefficients / 224 \\ 13.4.2 K/L ratios / 225 \\ 13.4.3 New calculations (1964--1968) / 227 \\ 13.5 Maturity / 229 \\ 13.5.1 K-conversion coefficients / 229 \\ 13.5.2 K/L ratios / 230 \\ 13.5.3 L-subshells / 230 \\ 13.6 Final comment / 231 \\ 14 BETA-DECAY / 234 \\ 14.1 Bohr's non-conservation of energy / 234 \\ 14.2 Beck's theory / 236 \\ 14.3 Pauli's neutrino / 236 \\ 14.4 Fermi's theory of $\beta$-decay / 238 \\ 14.4.1 The perturbation matrix / 240 \\ 14.4.2 The transition probability / 240 \\ 14.4.3 The mean life / 241 \\ 14.4.4 Forbidden transitions and selection rules / 242 \\ 14.4.5 Comparison with experiments / 242 \\ 14.4.6 The Fermi constant / 243 \\ 14.4.7 Spectrum shapes / 243 \\ 14.4.8 Comments / 244 \\ 14.5 Early experimental tests / 245 \\ 14.5.1 The Kurie plot / 245 \\ 14.5.2 RaE ($^{210}$Bi) / 247 \\ 14.6 The Konopinski--Uhlenbeck modification / 248 \\ 14.6.1 Experimental evidence / 250 \\ 14.7 Further development of Fermi's theory / 251 \\ 14.7.1 Gamow--Teller selection rules / 251 \\ 14.7.2 Relativistic Hamiltonians / 251 \\ 14.7.3 Forbidden transitions / 252 \\ 14.8 Post-war experimental research / 253 \\ 14.8.1 New and stronger sources / 253 \\ 14.8.2 Allowed spectra / 254 \\ 14.8.3 Forbidden transitions / 257 \\ 14.9 Orbital electron capture / 258 \\ 14.9.1 The Alvarez paper / 259 \\ 14.10 Interaction forms / 259 \\ 14.10.1 Allowed transitions / 260 \\ 14.10.2 Forbidden transitions / 260 \\ 14.11 Neutrino experiments / 261 \\ 14.11.1 Indirect evidence (early experiments) / 261 \\ 14.11.2 Electron--neutrino angular correlation / 265 \\ 14.11.3 Detection of the free neutrino / 266 \\ 14.11.4 Nuclear explosion neutrino experiment / 270 \\ 14.12 Discovery of the non-conservation of parity / 271 \\ 14.12.1 Conservation laws / 271 \\ 14.12.2 The $\tau$--$\theta$ puzzle / 275 \\ 14.12.3 The investigations of Lee and Yang / 275 \\ 14.12.4 The experiment of Wu et al. / 276 \\ 14.13 After parity non-conservation / 278 \\ 14.13.1 Longitudinal polarization of $\beta$-particles / 278 \\ 14.13.2 The helicity of the neutrino / 278 \\ 14.13.3 Universal V--A interaction / 279 \\ 14.14 A short commentary / 279 \\ PART 3: NUCLEAR MODELS / 285 \\ 15 THE NUCLEAR SHELL MODEL / 287 \\ 15.1 Earliest ideas / 287 \\ 15.1.1 Beck's ideas / 287 \\ 15.1.2 Bartlett's papers / 287 \\ 15.2 Work in Paris / 288 \\ 15.3 The review by Bethe and Bacher / 291 \\ 15.3.1 Gamow's text-book / 292 \\ 15.4 Mayer's first paper / 293 \\ 15.5 Immediate reactions / 294 \\ 15.5.1 Feenberg's papers / 294 \\ 15.5.2 Nordheim's paper / 296 \\ 15.6 A letter to Physical Review worth a Nobel Prize / 298 \\ 15.7 Four series of magic numbers / 300 \\ 15.8 Extensive papers / 300 \\ 15.8.1 Mayer's paper / 300 \\ 15.8.2 The paper by Haxel et al / 301 \\ 15.9 Three decades later / 302 \\ 15.9.1 The level sequence / 302 \\ 15.9.2 Spins / 303 \\ 15.9.3 Magnetic moments / 303 \\ 15.9.4 $\beta$-decay / 303 \\ 15.9.5 Final comments / 304 \\ 16 COLLECTIVE MODELS / 306 \\ 16.1 Quadrupole moments and collective motion / 306 \\ 16.1.1 Early correlation of $Q$ with magic numbers / 306 \\ 16.1.2 Spheroidal nuclear model (Rainwater) / 309 \\ 16.1.3 The quasi-molecular model ({\AA}. Bohr) / 310 \\ 16.2 Rotational spectra / 311 \\ 16.3 Early systematics of even-even nuclei / 313 \\ 16.4 Coulomb excitation / 314 \\ 16.4.1 Classical theory / 316 \\ 16.4.2 The first proposal for experiments / 316 \\ 16.4.3 First experimental results / 317 \\ 16.4.4 Theoretical development / 319 \\ 16.4.5 Compilation of experimental results / 320 \\ 16.5 Nuclear vibrations / 321 \\ 16.5.1 Octupole vibrations of even--even nuclei / 322 \\ 16.5.2 Vibrations of spheroidal nuclei / 323 \\ 16.6 The asymmetric rotor model / 323 \\ 16.6.1 Rotational level energies / 324 \\ 16.6.2 Comparison with experiments / 325 \\ 16.6.3 Electric quadrupole transition probabilities / 326 \\ 16.6.4 $\beta$-vibrations of the asymmetric rotor / 327 \\ 16.7 The deformed shell model / 328 \\ 16.7.1 Nuclear configurations / 329 \\ 16.7.2 Ground-state spins and parities / 329 \\ 16.7.3 Rotational bands / 330 \\ 16.8 The microscopic description of collective motion / 331 \\ 16.9 Final remarks / 332 \\ Appendix / 333 \\ A. I Classical theory of the nuclear surface oscillations / 333 \\ A.2 Quantum theory of nuclear surface oscillations / 334 \\ 17 INDIVIDUAL-PARTICLE MODELS / 338 \\ 17.1 Wigner's supermultiplets / 338 \\ 17.2 The methods of Racah and Young / 341 \\ 17.3 The $d$ and $f$ shells / 341 \\ 17.4 $j$--$j$ coupling / 343 \\ 17.5 The intermediate coupling model / 343 \\ 17.5.1 Inglis' level schemes / 344 \\ 17.5.2 Kurath's spectra / 345 \\ 17.5.3 The $(1d, 2s)$ shell / 346 \\ 17.6 Semi-empirical calculations of energy levels / 347 \\ 17.6.1 $^{40}$K--$^{38}$Cl / 349 \\ 17.6.2 $^{41}$Ca--$^{42}$Ca--$^{43}$Ca / 349 \\ 17.7 Nuclei near $^{208}$Pb / 351 \\ 17.8 Collective and individual models / 353 \\ Appendix / 355 \\ A. I Group theory technique / 355 \\ A.2 Young schemes / 356 \\ A.3 Fractional parentage coefficients / 357 \\ A.4 Seniority quantum number / 357 \\ A.5 Charge--spin multiplets / 358 \\ PART 4: NUCLEAR REACTIONS / 363 \\ 18 FIRST EXPERIMENTS WITH THE ACCELERATED PARTICLES / 365 \\ 18.1 The first experiments of Cockcroft and Walton / 365 \\ 18.1.1 Disintegration of lithium / 366 \\ 18.1.2 Disintegration of other elements / 366 \\ 18.2 The Lawrence experiment and the Solvay Meeting / 367 \\ 18.2.1 Deuteron produced reactions / 368 \\ 19 NUCLEON--NUCLEON SCATTERING / 370 \\ 19.1 $(n, p)$ scattering / 371 \\ 19.1.1 The total elastic scattering cross-section / 371 \\ 19.1.2 Angular distributions / 373 \\ 19.1.3 Neutron scattering in ortho- and para-hydrogen / 376 \\ 19.2 (p, p) scattering / 379 \\ 19.3 Summary / 383 \\ 20 LOW-ENERGY NUCLEAR REACTIONS / 385 \\ 20.1 Neutron reactions / 386 \\ 20.1.1 Proof of $(n, \gamma)$ reaction / 386 \\ 20.1.2 Slow-neutron capture and scattering / 386 \\ 20.1.3 Resonances / 387 \\ 20.2 The early single-particle model / 388 \\ 20.2.1 Bethe's single-particle theory of nuclear reactions / 388 \\ 20.3 Bohr's compound nucleus model / 389 \\ 20.3.1 Bohr's first paper / 390 \\ 20.3.2 Second paper / 393 \\ 20.4 The Breit--Wigner model of nuclear resonance / 395 \\ 20.4.1 Resonance theory / 395 \\ 20.4.2 The Breit--Wigner one-level formula / 396 \\ 20.5 Many-particle resonances / 396 \\ 20.6 Bethe's review, B and C: nuclear dynamics / 397 \\ 20.6.1 Nuclear processes as many-body problems / 397 \\ 20.6.2 Diffusion of neutrons / 400 \\ 20.6.3 Measurement of neutron resonances / 401 \\ 20.6.4 The many-body theory of $\alpha$-decay / 402 \\ 20.6.5 Disintegrations produced by charged particles / 404 \\ 20.6.6 Range-energy relations / 406 \\ 20.6.7 Results of disintegration experiments / 406 \\ 20.7 Justification of the dispersion formula / 407 \\ 20.8 Statistical methods / 407 \\ 20.8.1 Wigner's comments / 409 \\ 20.9 Basic aspects of the compound nucleus model / 410 \\ 20.9.1 Experiments / 413 \\ 20.10 Stripping reactions / 413 \\ 20.10.1 Qualitative arguments / 414 \\ 20.10.2 `Stripping approximations' / 416 \\ 20.11 Optical model / 417 \\ 20.11.1 `A schematic theory of nuclear cross sections' / 418 \\ 20.11.2 Experimental evidence / 419 \\ 20.11.3 `The formation of a compound nucleus in neutron reactions' / 420 \\ 20.11.4 `Model for nuclear reactions with neutrons' / 420 \\ 20.12 Nuclear reaction theory 20 years later / 422 \\ 20.13 Final comments / 424 \\ Index / 426 \\ Author Index / 431", } @Book{Hoffmann:2001:OH, author = "Klaus Hoffmann", booktitle = "{Otto Hahn}", title = "{Otto Hahn}", publisher = pub-SV, address = pub-SV:adr, year = "2001", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0101-1", ISBN = "0-387-95057-5, 1-4613-0101-7", ISBN-13 = "978-0-387-95057-0, 978-1-4613-0101-1", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{McCarty:2001:NLH, author = "Marilu Hurt McCarty", booktitle = "The {Nobel} laureates: how the world's greatest economic minds shaped modern thought", title = "The {Nobel} laureates: how the world's greatest economic minds shaped modern thought", publisher = pub-MCGRAW-HILL, address = pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr, pages = "xvi + 397", year = "2001", ISBN = "0-07-135614-2", ISBN-13 = "978-0-07-135614-5", LCCN = "HB87 .M337 2001", bibdate = "Fri Sep 20 08:12:49 MDT 2013", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; janus.uoregon.edu:210/INNOPAC", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Economics; History; 20th century; Economists; Nobel Prizes", tableofcontents = "The Nobel Prize Winners in Economic Sciences \\ Part 1. The Rationalist and Individual Choice / George Stigler, Friedrich von Hayek and Gary Becker / [et al.]. \\ Ch. 1. Rational People Do Good Things. \\ Ch. 2. The Dangers of Big Government, Firsthand. \\ Ch. 3. Explaining Our Social Relationships. \\ Ch. 4. Questioning Neoclassical Theory \\ Part 2. Limits to Rationality and the Role of Government / Kenneth Arrow, John Hicks and James Buchanan / [et al.]. \\ Ch. 5. Individual Rationality and Collective Irrationality. \\ Ch. 6. The Tension Between Individual and Social Welfare. \\ Ch. 7. A Better Way to Handle Externalities. \\ Ch. 8. Is There Room in Economics for Ethics? \\ Part 3. Measuring to Understand / Ragnar Frisch, Jan Tinbergen and Tjalling Koopmans / [et al.]. \\ Ch. 9. Business Cycles and Dynamic Analysis. \\ Ch. 10. Balancing Realism With Simplicity. \\ Ch. 11. Acknowledging and Incorporating Errors. \\ Ch. 12. Probability in Econometric Models. \\ Ch. 13. Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Policy Wonks \\ Part 4. When Cycles Become Depressions / Paul Samuelson, Milton Friedman and James Tobin / [et al.]. \\ Ch. 14. Business Cycles and the Unemployment-Inflation Trade-Off. \\ Ch. 15. When Government Involvement Interferes With Economic Efficiency. \\ Ch. 16. Holding Money Is the Reverse of Money Turnover. \\ Ch. 17. The Perverse Effects of Expectations. \\ Ch. 18. How Does Economic Policy Work in the Real World? \\ Part 5. The Model Builders / Richard Stone, Gerard Debreu and Kenneth Arrow / [et al.]. \\ Ch. 19. Everything Depends on Everything Else. \\ Ch. 20. Filling the Theoretical Boxes. \\ Ch. 21. The Building Blocks of Income, Employment, and Prices. \\ Ch. 22. Documenting National Income and Growth \\ Part 6. Economic Growth and Development / Robert Solow, Theodore Schultz and Arthur Lewis / [et al.]. \\ Ch. 23. The Theory Underlying Economic Growth. \\ Ch. 24. Accounting for Human Capital Investment. \\ Ch. 25. Bringing Economic Development to Poor Nations. \\ Ch. 26. Using Econometrics to Explain Economic Development. \\ Ch. 27. Development Issues for the Mature Economy \\ Part 7. Financing Growth-Promoting Investments / Harry Markowitz, William Sharpe and James Tobin / [et al.]. \\ Ch. 28. Historical Perspectives. \\ Ch. 29. Explaining a Firm's Financing Decision. \\ Ch. 30. Incorporating Time in the Financial Decision. \\ Ch. 31. Globalizing Resource Allocation. \\ Ch. 32. Combining Public Investment With Private Investment to Promote Growth \\ Part 8. Society's Institutions: Their Origins and Potential for Change / John Nash, John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten / [et al.]. \\ Ch. 33. People's Interactions Are Like Games. \\ Ch. 34. Some Games Are Improved by Bargaining. \\ Ch. 35. Games Without Full Information Require Use of Probabilities. \\ Ch. 36. How Institutions Have Evolved. \\ Ch. 37. Changing One ``Peculiar'' Institution", } @Proceedings{Kelly:2004:RMP, editor = "Cynthia C. Kelly", booktitle = "Remembering the {Manhattan Project}: Perspectives on the Making of the Atomic Bomb and Its Legacy", title = "Remembering the {Manhattan Project}: Perspectives on the Making of the Atomic Bomb and Its Legacy", publisher = pub-WORLD-SCI, address = pub-WORLD-SCI:adr, pages = "xi + 188", year = "2004", ISBN = "981-256-040-8", ISBN-13 = "978-981-256-040-7", LCCN = "QC773.A1 R46 2004", bibdate = "Thu Dec 22 08:45:44 MST 2005", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Symposium held Saturday, April 27, 2002, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USA. Part I. A report on the proceedings of the Atomic Heritage Foundation's Symposium on the Manhattan Project. Part II. A plan for preserving the Manhattan Project.", subject = "Atomic bomb; United States; History", tableofcontents = "Part I: A report on the proceedings \\ 1: A History Worth Preserving / 3 \\ Opening remarks / Senator Jeff Bingaman / 5 \\ Opening remarks / Dr. Everet H. Beckner / 9 \\ Preserving the history of the Manhattan project / Cynthia C. Kelly / 13 \\ 2: The Manhattan Project --- a Millennial Transformation / 15 \\ The atomic bomb in the Second World War / Richard Rhodes / 17 \\ The Manhattan project: an extraordinary achievement of the ``American way'' / Stephane Groueff / 31 \\ 3: The Allies and the Atomic Bomb / 39 \\ A tale of two documents / Andrew Brown / 41 \\ A footnote on Hiroshima and atomic morality: Conant, Niebuhr, and an ``emotional'' clergyman, 1945--46 / James G. Hershberg / 47 \\ A Los Alamos beginning / Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin / 53 \\ 4: The Military and Science in the Crucible of War / 61 \\ General Leslie R. Groves and the scientists / Robert S. Norris / 63 \\ Science in the service of the state: the cautionary tale of Robert Oppenheimer / Gregg Herken / 69 \\ Leo Szilard: baiting brass hats / William Lanouette / 73--77 \\ 5: Speaking from Experience / 79 \\ SEDs at Los Alamos: a personal memoir / Benjamin Bederson / 81 \\ Some experiences at the Met: lab and what could be learned from a highly successful and challenging project / Jerome Karle / 89 \\ My first professional assignment / Isabella Karle / 93 \\ Triumph and tragedy: the odyssey of J. R. Oppenheimer --- a personal perspective / Maurice M. Shapiro / 97 \\ 6: Lessons of the Manhattan Project for the 2l5t Century / 101 \\ Then and now / Maxine Singer / 103 \\ The Manhattan project: qualitative or quantitative change? / Stephen Younger / 107 \\ Expertise and independence: the role of the science advisor / Richard L. Garwin / 111 \\ The future of nuclear deterrence / Richard Rhodes / 117 \\ 7: Closing Reflections / 121 \\ Reflections on the Manhattan Project: consequences and repercussions / Dr. James Schlesinger / 123 \\ Appendix A: Program / 131 \\ Appendix B: Participants / 135 \\ Part II: A plan for preserving the Manhattan project / 141 \\ Preserving America: a strategy for the Manhattan project / 141 \\ Evaluation of the Manhattan Project Properties / 143 \ Basis for Recommendations / 147 \\ Cross-cutting recommendations / 148 \\ 1. Special Resource Study for National Park Units / 148 \\ 2. Oral Histories of Manhattan Project Veterans / 149 \\ 3. Preservation and Storage of Equipment, Artifacts and Documents / 149 \\ Preservation strategies for the Manhattan project: two options / 150 \\ The Essential Manhattan Project (Option A) / 151 \\ Oak Ridge: Isotope Separation and Reactor Operations / 151 \\ Hanford: Plutonium Production / 153 \\ Los Alamos: Designing, Building and Testing the Bomb / 155 \\ The Trinity Site / 156 \\ The Enriched Manhattan Project (Option B) / 156 \\ Oak Ridge / 157 \\ Hanford / 157 \\ Los Alamos / 158 \\ Trinity Site / 158 \\ University of Chicago / 159 \\ University of California, Berkeley / 159 \\ Columbia University / 159 \\ Appendix A. Description of Manhattan Project properties / 161 \\ 1. Oak Ridge, Tennessee / 161 \\ K-25 Footprint (Isotope Separation) / 161 \\ Roosevelt Cell (Isotope Separation) / 162 \\ K-29 as Described in the O. R. White Paper (Isotope Separation) / 162 \\ Beta 3 Electromagnetic Separation Racetracks at Y-12 (Isotope Separation) / 162 \\ Building 9731, Known as the Y-12 Pilot Plant (Isotope Separation and Research) / 163 \\ X-10 Graphite Reactor (Reactor Operations) / 163 \\ American Museum of Science and Energy / 164 \\ 2. Hanford, Washington / 164 \\ B Reactor (Fuel Irradiation) / 164 \\ T Plant (Chemical Separation) / 166 \\ T Plant Exhaust Stack (Chemical Separation) / 167 \\ Process Control Laboratory (Chemical Separation) / 167 \\ Concentration Building (Chemical Separation) / 167 \\ Plutonium Isolation Building (Chemical Separation) / 168 \\ Test Pile/Hot Cell Verification Building (Research and Development) / 168 \\ Separations Laboratory (Research and Development) / 168 \\ Radiochemistry Laboratory (Research and Development) / 168 \\ Fresh Metal Storage Building (Fuel Manufacturing) / 169 \\ Metallurgical Engineering Laboratory (Fuel Manufacturing) 169 / \\ Metal Fuels Fabrication Facility (Fuel Manufacturing) 169 / \\ River Pump House (Fuel Irradiation) 169 / \\ Lag Storage Building (Fuel Irradiation) 170 / \\ Plutonium Vaults (Product Storage) 170 / \\ 3. Los Alamos, New Mexico 170 / \\ ``Gun Site'' (Weapons Research and Development) / 171 / \\ ``V Site'' (Weapons Research and Development) / 171 / \\ Concrete Bowl (Weapons Research and Development) / 172 / \\ Louis Slatin Accident Building (Biomedical/Health Physics) / 172 / \\ Quonset Hut TA-22-1 (Weapons Research and Development) / 172 / \\ East Guard Tower (Security) / 173 / \\ Pond Cabin (Administrative and Social History) / 173 / \\ Trinity Test Site (Weapons Research and Development) / 173 / \\ Feature Article: The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum / 175 / \\ Memorandum on the Properties of a Radioactive Super-bomb / Otto R. Frisch and Rudolf Peierls / 177--180 \\ Index / 181", } @Book{Lightman:2005:DGBb, author = "Alan P. Lightman", booktitle = "The discoveries: great breakthroughs in twentieth-century science", title = "The discoveries: great breakthroughs in twentieth-century science", publisher = "Pantheon", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "xviii + 553 + 16", year = "2005", ISBN = "0-676-97789-8, 0-375-42168-8 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-676-97789-9, 978-0-375-42168-6 (hardcover)", LCCN = "Q180.55.D57 .L53", bibdate = "Sat Aug 22 08:54:05 MDT 2015", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0623/2005040854-b.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0623/2005040854-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0623/2005040854-t.html", abstract = "An unprecedented explosion of creativity, insight, and breakthrough occurred in every field of science in the last century. These discoveries profoundly changed the way we understand the world and our place in it. Now [the] physicist and novelist tells the stories of two dozen of the most seminal discoveries. He paints the intellectual and emotional landscape of each discovery, portrays the personalities and human drama of the scientists involved, and explains the significance and impact of the work. He explores such questions as whether there were common patterns of research, whether the discoveries were accidental or intentional, and whether the scientists were aware of or oblivious to the significance of what they had found. Finally, [he] gives a guided tour through each of the original papers, which are included in the book.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1948--", subject = "Discoveries in science; History; 20th century; Sources; Discoveries in science.", tableofcontents = "Introduction \\ A Note on Numbers \\ 1. The Quantum --- ``On the Theory of the Energy Distribution Law of the Normal Spectrum,'' by Max Planck (1900) \\ 2. Hormones --- ``The Mechanism of Pancreatic Secretion,'' by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling (1902) \\ 3. The Particle Nature of Light --- ``On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light,'' by Albert Einstein (1905) \\ 4. Special Relativity --- ``On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,'' by Albert Einstein (1905) \\ 5. The Nucleus of the Atom --- ``The Scattering of alpha and beta Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom,'' by Ernest Rutherford (1911) \\ 6. The Size of the Cosmos --- ``Periods of 25 Variable Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud,'' by Henrietta Leavitt (1912) \\ 7. The Arrangement of Atoms in Solid Matter --- ``Interference Phenomena with R{\"o}ntgen Rays,'' by W. Friedrich, P. Knipping, and M. von Laue (1912) \\ 8. The Quantum Atom --- ``On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules,'' by Niels Bohr (1913) \\ 9. The Means of Communication Between Nerves --- ``On the Humoral Transmission of the Action of the Cardiac Nerve,'' by Otto Loewi (1921) \\ 10. The Uncertainty Principle --- ``On the Physical Content of Quantum Kinematics and Mechanics,'' Werner Heisenberg (1927) \\ 11. The Chemical Bond --- ``The Shared-Electron Chemical Bond,'' by Linus Pauling (1928) \\ 12. The Expansion of the Universe --- ``A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among Extra-Galactic Nebulae,'' by Edwin Hubble (1929) \\ 13. Antibiotics --- ``On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of Penicillium, with Special Reference to Their Use in the Isolation of B. Influenzae,'' by Alexander Fleming (1929) \\ 14. The Means of Production of Energy in Living Organisms --- ``The Role of Citric Acid in Intermediate Metabolism in Animal Tissues,'' by Hans Krebs and W. A. Johnson (1937) \\ 15. Nuclear Fission --- ``Concerning the Existence of Alkaline Earth Metals Resulting from Neutron Irradiation of Uranium,'' by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann (1939) --- ``Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: A New Type of Nuclear Reaction,'' by Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch (1939) \\ 16. The Movability of Genes --- ``Mutable Loci in Maize,'' Barbara McClintock (1948) \\ 17. The Structure of Dna --- ``Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids,'' by James D. Watson and Francis H. C. Crick (1953) \\ and --- ``Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate,'' by Rosalind E. Franklin and R. G. Gosling (1953) \\ 18. The Structure of Proteins --- ``Structure of H{\ae}moglobin,'' by Max F. Perutz, M. G. Rossmann, Ann F. Cullis, Hilary Muirhead, Georg Will, and A. C. T. North (1960) \\ 19. Radio Waves From the Big Bang --- ``A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s,'' by Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson and --- ``Cosmic Black-Body Radiation,'' by Robert H. Dicke, P. James E. Peebles, Peter G. Roll, and David T. Wilkinson (1965) \\ 20. A Unified Theory of Forces --- ``A Model of Leptons,'' by Steven Weinberg (1967) \\ 21. Quarks: A Tiniest Essence of Matter --- ``Observed Behavior of Highly Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering,'' by M. Breidenbach, J. I. Friedman, H. W. Kendall, E. D. Bloom, D. H. Coward, H. DeStaebler, J. Drees, L. W. Mo, and R. E. Taylor (1969) \\ 22. The Creation of Altered Forms of Life --- ``Biochemical Method of Inserting New Genetic Information into Dna of Simian Virus 40,'' by David A. Jackson, Robert H. Symons, and Paul Berg (1972) \\ Epilogue \\ Notes \\ Abridgments of Papers \\ Acknowledgments \\ Permission Acknowledgments \\ Index", } @Book{Neffe:2005:EBG, author = "J{\"u}rgen Neffe", booktitle = "{Einstein: eine Biographie}. ({German}) [{Einstein}: a Biography]", title = "{Einstein: eine Biographie}. ({German}) [{Einstein}: a Biography]", publisher = pub-ROWOHLT, address = pub-ROWOHLT:adr, edition = "Second", pages = "490 + 14", year = "2005", ISBN = "3-498-04685-3", ISBN-13 = "978-3-498-04685-9", LCCN = "QC16.E5 N44 2005", bibdate = "Mon Aug 20 17:13:46 MDT 2007", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", subject = "Einstein, Albert; Physicists; Biography", subject-dates = "Albert Einstein (1879--1955)", tableofcontents = "Prolog Der Unsterbliche \\ Einsteins Geheimnis / 7 \\ 1 Seine zweite Geburt \\ Schicksalsjahr 1919 / 13 \\ 2 Wie aus Albert Einstein wurde \\ Psychogramm eines Genies / 24 \\ 3 <> \\ Vom Fabrikantensohn zum Erfinder / 45 \\ 4 Von Zwergen und Riesen \\ Eine kleine Geschichte der Wissenschaft, \\ wie Einstein sie las / 57 \\ 5 Erbe verpflichtet \\ Einstein --- Detektive im Einsatz / 82 \\ 6 <> \\ Der Physiker und die Frauen / 98 \\ 7 Vom Wunderkind zum Wunderjahr \\ Einsteins Engel / 121 \\ 8 Die Quadratur des Lichtes \\ Warum Einstein die Relativit{\"a}tstheorie \\ entdecken musste / 141 \\ 9 Warum ist der Himmel blau? \\ Einstein -- eine Karriere / 169 \\ 10 <> \\ Das Drama des genialen Vaters / 187 \\ 11 Anatomie einer Entdeckung \\ Wie Einstein die Allgemeine Relativit{\"a}tstheorie fand / 228 \\ 12 Lambdalebt \\ Einstein, <> / 257 \\ 13 Die Raumzeit bebt \\ Relativit{\"a}tstheorie auf dem Pr{\"u}fstand / 270 \\ 14 Sein bester Feind \\ Einstein, Deutschland und die Politik / 280 \\ 15 <> \\ Mensch Einstein / 320 \\ 16 Ein Jude namens Albert \\ Sein Gott war ein Prinzip / 342 \\ 17 Der Zweck heiligt die Zweifel \\ Einstein und die Quantentheorie / 358 \\ 18 Von der Gr{\"o}{\ss}e des Scheiterns \\ Die Suche nach der Weltformel / 386 \\ 19 Von Barbarien nach Dollaria \\ Einsteins Amerika / 396 \\ 20 <> \\ Einstein, die Atombombe, McCarthy und das Ende / 418 \\ Zitatnachweise / 446 \\ Quellen und Literatur / 478 \\ Danksagung / 484 \\ Personenregister / 485 \\ Quellennachweis der Abbildungen / 492", } @Book{Feynman:2006:CFA, author = "Richard Phillips Feynman and Ralph Leighton", booktitle = "Classic {Feynman}: all the adventures of a curious character", title = "Classic {Feynman}: all the adventures of a curious character", publisher = pub-NORTON, address = pub-NORTON:adr, pages = "x + 511", year = "2006", ISBN = "0-393-06132-9", ISBN-13 = "978-0-393-06132-1", LCCN = "QC16.F49 A3 2006", bibdate = "Fri Apr 8 22:15:10 MDT 2011", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/feynman-richard-p.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/etext/gutenberg/; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0515/2005018928.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Richard Phillips Feynman (1918--1988)", libnote = "Not yet in my library.", remark = "With a commemorative CD.", subject = "Feynman, Richard Phillips; Physicists; United States; Biography; Physicists; United States; Intellectual life; 20th century", tableofcontents = "Prologue / 1 \\ To the reader / by Ralph Leighton / 3 \\ Foreword / by Freeman Dyson / 5 \\ \\ From far Rockaway to MIT / 11 \\ The making of a scientist / 13 \\ He fixes radios by thinking! / 20 \\ String beans / 29 \\ Who stole the door? / 33 \\ Always trying to escape / 43 \\ The chief research chemist of the Metaplast Corporation / 50 \\ \\ The Princeton years / 57 \\ ``Surely you're joking, Mr. Feynman!'' / 59 \\ Monster minds / 65 \\ A different box of tools / 69 \\ It's a simple as one, two, three, \ldots{} / 72 \\ Meeeeeeeee! / 77 \\ Mind readers / 80 \\ Mixing paints / 83 \\ Latin or Italian! / 86 \\ Arlene / 89 \\ ``What do you care what other people think?'' / 91 \\ Feynman, the military, and the bomb / 121 \\ Fizzled fuses / 123 \\ Los Alamos from below (spoken version on commemorative CD inside back cover) / 128 \\ Safecracker meets safecracker / 154 \\ Uncle Sam doesn't need you! / 172 \\ From Cornell to Caltech with a touch of Brazil / 181 \\ The dignified professor / 183 \\ Any questions? / 192 \\ I want my dollar! / 197 \\ You just ask them? / 200 \\ O Americano, outra vez! / 207 \\ Getting ahead / 225 \\ Lucky numbers / 227 \\ Certainly, Mr. Big! / 233 \\ An offer you must refuse / 243 \\ Man of a thousand tongues / 248 \\ \\ The World of One Physicist / 249 \\ Would \emph{You} Solve the Dirac Equation? / 251 \\ Is Electricity Fire? / 260 \\ Hotel City / 268 \\ It Sounds Greek to Me! / 273 \\ The 7 Percent Solution / 274 \\ The Amateur Scientist / 282 \\ Testing Bloodhounds / 288 \\ A Map of the Cat? / 291 \\ But Is It Art? / 298 \\ Judging Books by Their Covers / 317 \\ Who the Hell is Herman? / 331 \\ Feynman Sexist Pig! / 333 \\ Thirteen Times / 336 \\ Alfred Nobel's Other Mistake / 338 \\ Bringing Culture to the Physicists / 347 \\ Altered States / 352 \\ Found Out in Paris / 359 \\ I Just Shook His Hand, Can You Believe It? / 370 \\ \\ Mr. Feynman Goes to Washington: Investigating the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster / 379 \\ Preliminaries / 381 \\ Committing Suicide / 383 \\ The Cold Facts / 385 \\ Check Six! / 413 \\ Gumshoes / 417 \\ Fantastic Figures / 431 \\ An Inflamed Appendix / 440 \\ The Tenth Recommendation / 448 \\ Meet the Press / 453 \\ Afterthoughts / 458 \\ Appendix F: Personal Observations on the Reliability of the Shuttle / 465 \\ \\ Epilogues / 479 \\ Reflections / 481 \\ The Value of Science / 483 \\ Cargo Cult Science / 499 \\ Finding Feynman: Afterword by Alan Alda / 499 \\ \\ The Commemorative CD / 507 \\ About the CD \booktitle{Los Alamos from Below} / 509 \\ Other Feynman CDs / 511", } @Book{Neffe:2006:EBG, author = "J{\"u}rgen Neffe", booktitle = "{Einstein: eine Biographie}. ({German}) [{Einstein}: a Biography]", title = "{Einstein: eine Biographie}. ({German}) [{Einstein}: a Biography]", volume = "61937", publisher = "Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag", address = "Reinbek bei Hamburg, Germany", pages = "490 + 8", year = "2006", ISBN = "3-499-61937-7 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-3-499-61937-3 (paperback)", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Mon Aug 20 17:17:52 MDT 2007", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk", price = "EUR 9.90, SFR 17.90", series = "rororo", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", subject = "Einstein; Albert; Biographie", } @Book{Reinhardt:2007:CSC, author = "Carsten Reinhardt", booktitle = "Chemical sciences in the {20th} century: bridging boundaries", title = "Chemical sciences in the {20th} century: bridging boundaries", publisher = "Wiley-VCH", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "xviii + 281", year = "2007", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527612734", ISBN = "1-281-84243-5, 3-527-30271-9, 3-527-61273-4 (e-book)", ISBN-13 = "978-1-281-84243-5, 978-3-527-30271-0, 978-3-527-61273-4 (e-book)", LCCN = "QD15 .C44 2001", bibdate = "Tue Jun 12 09:41:55 MDT 2018", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", URL = "http://sfx.ethz.ch/sfx\_locater?sid=ALEPH:EBI01\%26genre=book\%26isbn=9783527302710\%26id=doi:10.1002/9783527612734", abstract = "Chemistry in the last century was characterized by spectacular growth and advances, stimulated by revolutionary theories and experimental breakthroughs. Yet, despite this rapid development, the history of this scientific discipline has achieved only recently the status necessary to understand the effects of chemistry on the scientific and technological. culture of the modern world. This book addresses the bridging of boundaries between chemistry and the other ``classical'' disciplines of science, physics and biology as well as the connections of chemistry to mathematics and technology.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, bootitle = "Chemical sciences in the {20th} century: bridging boundaries", subject = "Chemie", tableofcontents = "Chemical Sciences in the 20th Century \\ Foreword \\ Preface \\ Table of Contents \\ List of Contributors \\ Disciplines, Research Fields, and their Boundaries \\ References and Notes \\ 1. Research Fields and Boundaries in Twentieth-Century Organic Chemistry \\ 1.1 Physical Organic Chemistry \\ 1.2 Physical Instrumentation and Organic Chemistry \\ 1.3 Bioorganic Chemistry \\ 1.4 Conclusion \\ References and Notes \\ Part I Theoretical Chemistry and Quantum Chemistry \\ 2. Theoretical Quantum Chemistry as Science and Discipline: Some Philosophical Remarks on a Historical Issue", } @Proceedings{Bastin:2009:QTB, editor = "Ted Bastin", booktitle = "Quantum Theory and Beyond: Essays and Discussions Arising from a Colloquium", title = "Quantum Theory and Beyond: Essays and Discussions Arising from a Colloquium", publisher = pub-CAMBRIDGE, address = pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr, pages = "viii + 345", year = "2009", ISBN = "0-521-11548-5, 0-521-07956-X", ISBN-13 = "978-0-521-07956-3, 978-0-521-11548-3", LCCN = "QC174.1 .Q83 2009", bibdate = "Fri May 4 18:11:35 MDT 2018", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", abstract = "Quantum theory attempts to describe the discrete or atomic nature of matter and the physical world. This book contains the edited papers presented at a small informal colloquium held in Cambridge in 1968 to discuss the need for fundamental revision in quantum theory. Most schools of thought on the foundations of the theory were represented, and to direct discussion some participants proposed actual changes. A principal aim was to pinpoint the source of difficulty in current ideas of the time or, failing that, to present alongside each other the various viewpoints about them.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Digital edition of \cite{Bastin:1971:QTB}.", subject = "Quantentheorie", tableofcontents = "List of participants \\ Preface \\ Part I. Introduction \\ 1. The function of the colloquium --- editorial \\ 2. The conceptual problem of quantum theory from the experimentalist's point of view / O. R. Frisch \\ Part II. Niels Bohr and Complementarity: The Place of the Classical Language \\ 3. The Copenhagen interpretation / C. F. von Weizs{\"a}cker \\ 4. On Bohr's views concerning the quantum theory / D. Bohm \\ Part III. The Measurement Problem \\ 5. Quantal observation in statistical interpretation / H. J. Groenewold \\ 6. Macroscopic physics, quantum mechanics and quantum theory of measurement / G. M. Prosperi \\ 7. Comment on the Daneri--Loinger--Prosperi quantum theory of measurement / Jeffrey Bub \\ 8. The phenomenology of observation and explanation in quantum theory / J. H. M. Whiteman \\ 9. Measurement theory and complex systems / M. A. Garstens \\ Part IV. New Directions within Quantum Theory: What does the Quantum Theoretical Formalism Really Tell Us? \\ 10. On the role of hidden variables in the fundamental structure of physics / D. Bohm \\ 11. Beyond what? Discussion: space-time order within existing quantum theory / C. W. Kilmister \\ 12. Definability and measurability in quantum theory / Yakir Aharonov and Aage Petersen \\ 13. The bootstrap idea and the foundations of quantum theory / Geoffrey F. Chew \\ Part V. A Fresh Start? \\ 14. Angular momentum: an approach to combinatorial space-time / Roger Penrose \\ 15. A note on discreteness, phase space and cohomology theory / B. J. Hiley \\ 16. Cohomology of observations / R. H. Atkin \\ 17. The origin of half-integral spin in a discrete physical space / Ted Bastin \\ Part VI. Philosophical Papers \\ 18. The unity of physics / C. F. von Weizs{\"a}cker \\ 19. A philosophical obstacle to the rise of new theories in microphysics / Mario Bunge \\ 20. The incompleteness of quantum mechanics or the emperor's missing clothes / H. R. Post \\ 21. How does a particle get from A to B? / Ted Bastin \\ 22. Informational generalization of entropy in physics / Jerome Rothstein \\ 23. Can life explain quantum mechanics? / H. H. Pattee \\ 24. Discussion: phenomena and sense data in quantum theory / D. S. Linney and C. F. von Weizs{\"a}cker \\ Index of persons \\ Index of subjects", } @Book{Farmelo:2013:CBHa, author = "Graham Farmelo", booktitle = "{Churchill}'s bomb: a hidden history of science, war and politics", title = "{Churchill}'s bomb: a hidden history of science, war and politics", publisher = pub-FABER-FABER, address = pub-FABER-FABER:adr, pages = "x + 554 + 12", year = "2013", ISBN = "0-571-24978-7 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-571-24978-7 (hardcover)", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Oct 31 06:10:37 MDT 2014", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Churchill, Winston; (Winston Leonard Spencer); Lindemann, Frederick Alexander (Viscount Lord Cherwell) (The `Prof'); Prime ministers; Great Britain; Biography; World War, 1939--1945; Science; Atomic bomb; Kernwapenpolitiek; Kernwapens; Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittanni{\"e} en Noord-Ierland", subject-dates = "1874--1965 (WSC); 1886--1957 (FAL)", tableofcontents = "Dedication \\ List of Plates \\ Epigraphs \\ Prologue \\ February 1955 Churchill, his nuclear scientists and the bomb \\ 1: Towards the Nuclear Age \\ 1894--1925 Wells and his liberating `atomic bombs' \\ 1924--1932 Churchill glimpses a nuclear future \\ 1932 Rutherford: nuclear sceptic \\ March 1933 to December 1934 The Prof advises a `scientist who missed his vocation' \\ September 1933 to February 1935 Szil{\'a}rd's nuclear epiphany \\ February 1934 to October 1935 Churchill fears war --- and that nuclear energy will soon be harnassed \\ November 1938 to September 1939 Bohr thinks the Bomb is `inconceivable' \\ 2: World War II \\ August to December 1939 Churchill --- nuclear weapons will not be ready for the war \\ September 1939 to February 1940 Chadwick doubts that the Bomb is viable \\ October 1939 to July 1940 FDR receives a nuclear warning \\ March to June 1940 Frisch and Peierls discover how to make the Bomb \\ May and June 1940 Churchill has more pressing problems \\ June to September 1940 Thomson and his MAUD committee debate policy on the Bomb \\ August 1940 to August 1941 In his finest hour, Churchill begs America for help \\ July and August 1941 Chadwick believes Britain should build its own Bomb \\ August 1941 to January 1942 Oliphant bustles in America \\ November 1941 to July 1942 Churchill talks about the Bomb with FDR \\ January 1942 to January 1943 Akers attempts a merger \\ October 1942 to July 1943 Bush aims for an American monopoly \\ January to September 1943 Churchill's nuclear deal with FDR \\ September 1943 to May 1944 Bohr takes a political initiative \\ April to September 1944 The Bulldog meets the Great Dane \\ February 1944 to July 1945 Chadwick witnesses the first nuclear explosion \\ 1 July to 5 August 1945 Churchill says yes to dropping the Bomb \\ 3: Churchill as Leader of the Opposition \\ August 1945 to January 1949 Blackett: nuclear heretic \\ August 1945 to August 1945 Churchill the Cold Warrior \\ February and March 1950 Peierls and `the spy of the century' \\ February 1950 to Spring 1951 Churchill softens his line on the Bomb \\ August 1945 to October 1951 Penney delivers the British Bomb \\ 4: Churchill's Second Premiership \\ October 1951 to December 1952 Churchill --- Britain's first nuclear Premier \\ 1953 Hinton engineers nuclear power \\ March 1953 to February 1954 Churchill the nuclear missionary \\ March to December 1954 Cockcroft becomes a confidant of the Prime Minister \\ April 1954 to April 1955 Churchill's nuclear swansong \\ Epilogues \\ 1954 Onwards 1: Churchill's nuclear scientists \\ 6 April 1955 Onwards 2: Churchill and his Prof \\ Acknowledgements \\ References \\ Index \\ Plates \\ About the Author \\ By the Same Author", } @Book{Fernandez:2013:UMA, author = "Bernard Fernandez and Georges Ripka", booktitle = "Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus --- a Sixty Year Journey 1896--1956", title = "Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus --- a Sixty Year Journey 1896--1956", publisher = pub-SV, address = pub-SV:adr, pages = "xviii + 522", year = "2013", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4181-6", ISBN = "1-4614-4180-3 (hardcover), 1-4614-4181-1 (e-book)", ISBN-13 = "978-1-4614-4180-9 (hardcover), 978-1-4614-4181-6 (e-book)", LCCN = "QC773 .F47 2013", bibdate = "Mon Apr 23 15:26:52 MDT 2018", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/debroglie-louis.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", abstract = "\booktitle{Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus} tells the story of how, in the span of barely sixty years, we made a transition from the belief that matter was composed of indivisible atoms, to the discovery that in the heart of each atom lies a nucleus which is ten thousand times smaller than the atom, which nonetheless carries almost all its mass, and the transformations of which involve energies that could never be reached by chemical reactions. It was not a smooth transition. The nature of nuclei, their properties, the physical laws which govern their behaviour, and the possibility of controlling to some extent their transformations, were discovered in discontinuous steps, following paths which occasionally led to errors which in turn were corrected by further experimental discoveries. The story begins in 1896 when radioactivity was unexpectedly discovered and continues up to the nineteen-sixties. The authors describe the spectacular progress made by physics during that time, which not only revealed a new form of matter, namely nuclei, but also modified our way of thinking by developing quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. The book is written in a clear and non mathematical language which makes it both accessible and instructive to laymen, physicists and students, as well as to historians of science. It delves into subjects which are of utmost importance for the understanding of matter in our universe and for understanding how this knowledge was achieved.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Substantially revised by the authors from the French original, \booktitle{De l atome au noyau. Une approche historique et de la physique nucl{\'e}aire}, Ellipses (2006), and viewed by them as a second edition.", subject = "Nuclear physics; History; stralingschemie; deeltjesfysica; Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general); quarks; History of physics; Nuclear chemistry; wetenschapsgeschiedenis; Physics; fysica; Nuclear physics.", tableofcontents = "Radioactivity: The First Puzzles / 1 \\ The ``Uranic Rays'' of Henri Becquerel / 1 \\ The Discovery / 2 \\ Is It Really Phosphorescence? / 4 \\ What Is the Nature of the Radiation? / 5 \\ A Limited Impact on Scientists and the Public / 6 \\ Why 1896? / 7 \\ Was Radioactivity Discovered by Chance? / 7 \\ Polonium and Radium / 9 \\ Marya Sk{\l}odowska / 9 \\ Pierre Curie / 10 \\ Polonium and Radium: Pierre and Marie Curie Invent Radiochemistry / 11 \\ Enigmas / 14 \\ Emanation from Thorium / 17 \\ Ernest Rutherford / 17 \\ Rutherford Studies Radioactivity: $\alpha$- and $\beta$-Rays / 18 \\ $\beta$-Rays Are Electrons / 19 \\ Rutherford in Montreal: The Radiation of Thorium, the Exponential Decrease / 19 \\ ``Induced'' and ``Excited'' Radioactivity / 20 \\ Elster and Geitel: The Radioactivity of the Air and of the Earth / 22 \\ A Third Type of Ray: $\gamma$-Rays / 24 \\ The Emanation of Thorium Is a Gas Belonging to the Argon Family / 24 \\ A Proliferation of ``X'' Radiations / 25 \\ ``An Enigma, a Deeply Astonishing Subject'' / 26 \\ The Puzzle Is Disentangled / 27 \\ $\alpha$-Rays Revisited / 29 \\ Radioactivity Is an Atomic Decay / 30 \\ The Puzzle Is Unravelled: Radioactive Families / 30 \\ Where Does the Energy of Radioactivity Come from? \\ The Conjecture of Rutherford / 32 \\ Experimental Evidence of Transmutation / 35 \\ Radioactivity is Understood. Radioactive Families / 35 \\ Consecrations and Mourning: The End of an Era / 37 \\ 1903: Henri Becquerel Shares the Nobel Prize with Pierre and Marie Curie / 37 \\ The Death of Pierre Curie / 39 \\ 1908: Rutherford is Awarded the Nobel Prize / 40 \\ The Death of Henri Becquerel / 40 \\ References / 41 \\ A Nucleus at the Heart of the Atom / 47 \\ Prehistory of the Atom / 47 \\ Eighteenth Century: The Abbot Nollet / 48 \\ Beginning of the Nineteenth Century: John Dalton, William Prout, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and Amp{\`e}re / 49 \\ Do Atoms Really Exist? / 50 \\ 1865: Loschmidt Estimates the Size of Air Molecules / 51 \\ Spectral Lines: A First Indication of an Internal Structure of Atoms / 52 \\ Jean Perrin Advocates the Reality of Atoms / 52 \\ 1897: The Electrons Are in the Atom / 55 \\ Electric Discharges in Gases, Cathode Rays and the Electron / 55 \\ ``Dynamids'': The Atoms of Philipp Lenard / 55 \\ Numeric Attempts to Describe Spectral Rays: Balmer and Rydberg / 56 \\ J. J. Thomson's First Model: An Atom Consisting Entirely of Electrons / 57 \\ A Speculation of Jean Perrin: The Atom Is Like a Small Scale Solar System / 57 \\ The ``Saturn'' Model of Hantaro Nagaoka / 58 \\ The ``Plum-Pudding'' Atom of J. J. Thomson / 59 \\ Charles Barkla Measures the Number of Electrons in an Atom / 60 \\ The Scattering of $\alpha$ Particles Makes It Possible to ``See'' a Nucleus in the Atom / 63 \\ An Observation of Marie Curie / 63 \\ William Henry Bragg: The Slowing Down of $\alpha$-Particles in Matter / 63 \\ The ``Scattering'' of $\alpha$-Particles / 65 \\ The Nature of the $\alpha$-Particle: An Unresolved Question / 66 \\ The First Geiger Counter / 67 \\ The Nature of the $\alpha$-Particle / 69 \\ Another Way to Count $\alpha$-Particles: Scintillations / 70 \\ Back to the Scattering of $\alpha$-Particles / 71 \\ The Experiments of Geiger and Marsden / 72 \\ Are the Large Deviations Caused by Multiple Small Deviations? / 73 \\ Rutherford Invents the Nucleus / 74 \\ A Last Ingredient: Moseley Measures the Charge of the Nucleus in the Atom / 77 \\ Barkla Creates X-ray Spectroscopy / 77 \\ The Diffraction of X-rays: Max von Laue, William Henry and William Lawrence Bragg / 78 \\ Henry Moseley Measures the Charge of Nuclei / 79 \\ A Paradox / 81 \\ References / 83 \\ Quantum Mechanics: The Unavoidable Path / 89 \\ Branching Off / 89 \\ An Improbable Beginning / 91 \\ The Peak of Classical Mechanics / 91 \\ A Persistent Problem / 92 \\ 1900: Max Planck Invents the Quantum of the Action / 94 \\ A Quantum of Action / 96 \\ Einstein and Light Quanta / 96 \\ The Specific Heat of Solids / 99 \\ The First Solvay Council and the Theory of Quanta / 99 \\ Niels Bohr: The Quanta Are in the Atom / 103 \\ Bohr Introduces Quanta in the Theory of the Atom / 103 \\ ``On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules'' / 105 \\ Two Other Papers in Bohr's 1913 Trilogy / 108 \\ 1913--1923: Victories and Setbacks / 109 \\ Skepticism, Enthusiasm and Adhesion / 109 \\ Confirmation: The Experiment of Franck and Hertz / 110 \\ A Proliferation of Optical Lines: The Zeeman and Stark Effects / 110 \\ Arnold Sommerfeld: Elliptic Orbits and New Quantum Numbers / 111 \\ Relativistic Corrections and the Fine Structure Constant / 112 \\ A Hoax! / 113 \\ A Further Contribution of Einstein: The Interaction Between Radiation and Matter / 113 \\ The Stark Effect: A Victory of the Theory of Quanta / 114 \\ The ``Correspondence Principle'' / 115 \\ Kossel, Bohr and the Mendeleev Table / 116 \\ The Rare Earths / 118 \\ 1918, 1921 and 1922: Three Nobel Prizes Attributed to Quanta / 118 \\ 1925: Spin and the Pauli Principle / 121 \\ Wolfgang Pauli / 121 \\ Max Born / 122 \\ The Stern and Gerlach Experiment / 123 \\ The Compton Effect / 124 \\ A Strange Explanation of the Zeeman Effect / 125 \\ Pauli's Exclusion Principle / 126 \\ The ``Spin'' of the Electron / 127 \\ Quantum Mechanics / 131 \\ Louis de Broglie / 131 \\ Heisenberg and Matrix Mechanics / 133 \\ New Physics / 135 \\ Pauli Applies the New Mechanics to the Spectrum of Hydrogen / 136 \\ The Schr{\"o}dinger Equation / 136 \\ Heisenberg and Schr{\"o}dinger, Two Sides of the Same Coin / 139 \\ The Probabilistic Interpretation of Max Born and the End of Determinism / 139 \\ The Pauli Matrices / 141 \\ Indistinguishable Particles: Bose-Einstein ``Statistics'' / 141 \\ Enrico Fermi: A New ``Statistics'' / 143 \\ Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac / 144 \\ ``Bosons'' and ``Fermions'' / 147 \\ The Uncertainty Relations of Heisenberg / 148 \\ Nobel Acknowledgments / 152 \\ The Fifth Solvay Council: An Assessment of the New Mechanics / 153 \\ The German Language, the Language of Quantum Mechanics / 154 \\ A Brief Bibliography / 155 \\ References / 157 \\ A Timid Infancy / 163 \\ The Atomic Nucleus in 1913 / 163 \\ The Discovery of Isotopes and the Measurement of Masses of Nuclei / 165 \\ The Chemistry of Radioactive Products / 165 \\ Frederick Soddy / 166 \\ Isotopes / 166 \\ The Revival of Positively Charged ``Canal Rays'' / 168 \\ The First Physical Measurements of Atomic Masses / 168 \\ Francis Aston and the First Mass Spectrometer / 169 \\ The ``Whole Number Law'' and the Old Hypothesis of William Prout / 171 \\ The Exceptional Mass of the Hydrogen Atom / 173 \\ A Nobel Prize for the ``Whole-Number Rule'' / 175 \\ The Atomic Masses Known in 1932: The Binding Energy of Nuclei / 176 \\ An Enquiry Full of Surprises: $\beta$ Radioactivity / 179 \\ The Velocity of the $\beta$ Electrons / 180 \\ Otto Hahn / 180 \\ Lise Meitner / 182 \\ Hahn, Meitner and $\beta$ Radioactivity / 184 \\ The First ``$\beta$ Spectrometer'' / 185 \\ The Kaiser Wilhelm Institut / 186 \\ Clouds Are Gathering / 186 \\ James Chadwick: A Continuous $\beta$ Spectrum! / 187 \\ Is It Really a Continuous Spectrum? / 189 \\ In Berlin: The War / 190 \\ Lise Meitner Returns to $\beta$ Radioactivity / 190 \\ The Decisive Experiment of Charles Ellis / 191 \\ A Scandal: Energy May Not Be Conserved! / 193 \\ Geiger and Bothe: A ``Coincidence'' Experiment / 193 \\ The Idea of Wolfgang Pauli / 194 \\ But Why Are So Many Spectral Lines Observed? The Key to the Mystery / 196 \\ The First Nuclear Reactions / 199 \\ The First Nuclear Reaction / 200 \\ Sir Ernest Rutherford, Cavendish Professor of Physics / 202 \\ New Nuclear Reactions / 202 \\ A Controversy Between Vienna and Cambridge / 203 \\ How Do the Transmutations Occur? / 205 \\ The Nucleus in 1920 According to Rutherford / 207 \\ The Size of the Nucleus / 208 \\ The Constitution of the Nucleus and of Isotopes / 208 \\ Rutherford the Visionary: The Neutron / 209 \\ Chadwick Hunts for New Forces / 210 \\ The Rapid Expansion of Experimental Means / 213 \\ Scintillation Methods / 213 \\ The Point Counter / 214 \\ The Geiger--M{\"u}ller Counter / 215 \\ A Digression: The Birth and Development of Wireless Radio / 216 \\ The Electronically Amplified Ionization Chamber / 217 \\ Coincidence Measurements / 219 \\ The Measurement of the Energy of $\gamma$ Radiation / 220 \\ A Unique Detector: Wilson's Cloud Chamber / 222 \\ The Atomic Nucleus in 1930 / 227 \\ Some Certainties and One Enigma / 228 \\ At the Beginning of 1932, the Enigma Remains / 231 \\ References / 233 \\ 1930--1940: A Dazzling Development / 241 \\ The Nucleus: A New Boundary / 241 \\ Quantum Mechanics Acting in the Nucleus / 242 \\ Salomon Rosenblum and the Fine Structure of $\alpha$ Radioactivity / 244 \\ 1931: The First International Congress of Nuclear Physics / 246 \\ The Discovery of an Exceptional Isotope: Deuterium / 249 \\ The Discovery of the Neutron / 253 \\ Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Ir{\`e}ne Joliot-Curie / 254 \\ Protons Are Ejected / 256 \\ The Neutron Is Revealed / 257 \\ Is the Neutron Lighter or Heavier than the Proton? / 258 \\ Nuclear Theory After the Discovery of the Neutron / 263 \\ Werner Heisenberg / 263 \\ Ettore Majorana / 267 \\ Eugene P. Wigner / 270 \\ Do the Protons and Neutrons form Shells as Electrons Do in the Atom? / 271 \\ A New Particle: The Positron / 279 \\ Cosmic Rays / 279 \\ Blackett and Occhialini / 280 \\ Carl Anderson Discovers a Positive Electron / 282 \\ The Positive Electron of Anderson and that of Dirac / 283 \\ Ir{\`e}ne and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Joliot-Curie / 286 \\ The Birth of Particle Accelerators / 289 \\ Direct Acceleration: A High-Voltage Race / 290 \\ Acceleration in Steps / 295 \\ ``Charge Independence'' of the Nuclear Force / 303 \\ The Discovery of Artificial Radioactivity / 305 \\ The Joliot-Curies After the Solvay Council / 307 \\ ``A New Kind of Radioactivity'' / 308 \\ The Chemical Proof / 309 \\ It Spreads like Wildfire / 310 \\ The Importance of the Discovery / 311 \\ New Perspectives for Radioactive Indicators / 312 \\ The Death of Marie Curie / 313 \\ The 1935 Nobel Prizes Are Attributed to Chadwick and to the Joliot-Curies / 314 \\ The School of Rome / 315 \\ The Theory of $\beta$ Decay / 316 \\ Neutron Physics in Rome / 318 \\ ``Slow'' Neutrons / 321 \\ A New Field in Nuclear Physics / 323 \\ Resonances / 324 \\ Fermi Is Awarded the Nobel Prize. The End of the Rome Team / 326 \\ The Great Exodus of Jewish Scientists Under Nazism / 327 \\ A Proliferation of Theories: Yukawa, Breit and Wigner, Bohr / 331 \\ Hideki Yukawa / 331 \\ The First Theories of Nuclear Reactions / 335 \\ The Structure of the Nucleus According to Bohr in 1937 / 338 \\ The Death of a Giant: Ernest Rutherford / 341 \\ Hans Bethe Sums Up the Situation in 1936--1937 / 343 \\ Hans Albrecht Bethe / 343 \\ The Structure of Nuclei / 344 \\ Nuclear Reactions / 348 \\ The Fission of Uranium / 349 \\ A Fragile Discovery: The Transuranic Elements / 349 \\ Loads of ``Transuranic'' Elements / 352 \\ At the Institut du Radium / 354 \\ Lise Meitner Flees Nazi Germany / 358 \\ Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann Set Again to Work / 359 \\ More and More Disconcerting Results / 360 \\ The Word Is Finally Uttered / 363 \\ The News Spreads to the United States / 364 \\ Confirmations / 365 \\ Niels Bohr: The Theory of Fission, Uranium 235 / 368 \\ The Number of Emitted Neutrons / 370 \\ Leo Szilard / 371 \\ Is a Chain Reaction Possible? / 372 \\ The Last Publications Before the War / 375 \\ Francis Perrin and the Critical Mass / 377 \\ French Patents / 378 \\ References / 381 \\ The Upheavals of the Second World War / 395 \\ A Chronology / 395 \\ The New Face of Physics After the War / 401 \\ Big Science: Physics on a Large Scale / 402 \\ Team Work / 402 \\ The H-Bomb: Political and Military Implications / 403 \\ The American Supremacy / 404 \\ Europe and Japan After the War / 405 \\ Is ``Big Science'' Really the Result of the War? / 409 \\ References / 411 \\ The Time of Maturity / 413 \\ New Experimental Means / 413 \\ New Accelerators Have Ever Increasing Energies / 414 \\ New Detectors, New Measuring Instruments / 419 \\ Data Accumulate / 425 \\ The Papers of Bethe / 425 \\ Real Transuranic Nuclei / 425 \\ The Lifetime of the Neutron / 429 \\ Electron Scattering and the Electric Charge Distribution in Nuclei / 430 \\ The ``Shell'' Structure of Nuclei / 433 \\ A Model of Quasi-independent Particles? / 434 \\ The Symmetries and Supermultiplets of Wigner and Feenberg / 434 \\ Arguments Put Forth by Maria Goeppert-Mayer / 435 \\ The Spin-Orbit Interaction / 436 \\ Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen / 437 \\ A Paradoxical Model / 438 \\ Elastic Scattering and the ``Optical Model'' / 441 \\ The Nucleus Is Like a Cloudy Crystal Ball / 442 \\ ``Optical'' Attempts / 442 \\ The Woods--Saxon ``Optical'' Potential / 443 \\ The Computer: A Decisive Instrument / 444 \\ Direct Nuclear Reactions / 447 \\ The Stripping of a Deuteron / 448 \\ Direct Reactions and Reactions Which Proceed Though the Formation of a Compound Nucleus / 452 \\ A Collective Behavior / 455 \\ Photonuclear Reactions / 455 \\ Giant Resonances / 456 \\ Are All Nuclei Spherical? / 457 \\ The Quadrupole Moment: An Indicator of Nuclear Deformation / 458 \\ James Rainwater and Aage Bohr / 458 \\ Aage Bohr, the Resolution of a Paradox / 460 \\ A Unified Model of the Nucleus / 463 \\ Ben Mottelson / 463 \\ New Data, New Confirmations / 464 \\ Bohr and Mottelson: The Key to Nuclear Spectra / 465 \\ The Birth of Nuclear Spectroscopy / 467 \\ Nobel Awards / 468 \\ The Nuclear Force / 469 \\ The Discovery of the $\pi$ Meson / 469 \\ The $\pi^0$ Completes the Pion Trio / 470 \\ The Hard Core / 471 \\ Nuclear Matter / 473 \\ The Challenge / 473 \\ Keith Brueckner, Jeffrey Goldstone, Hans Bethe, and a Few Others / 474 \\ Solid Foundations / 475 \\ And What About Niels Bohr's Original Objection? / 476 \\ The End of an Era / 476 \\ References / 479 \\ Where the Narrative Ends / 487 \\ Glossary / 491 \\ Bibliography of cited books / 513 \\ Index / 521 \\ The Periodic Law or Mendeleev table / 530", } @Proceedings{Katzir:2013:TTH, editor = "Shaul Katzir and Christoph Lehner and J{\"u}rgen Renn", booktitle = "{Traditions and transformations in the history of quantum physics: HQ-3, Third International Conference on the History of Quantum Physics, Berlin, June 28--July 2, 2010}", title = "{Traditions and transformations in the history of quantum physics: HQ-3, Third International Conference on the History of Quantum Physics, Berlin, June 28--July 2, 2010}", volume = "5", publisher = "Edition Open Access", address = "Berlin, Germany", pages = "352", year = "2013", ISBN = "3-8442-5134-0", ISBN-13 = "978-3-8442-5134-0", LCCN = "QC173.98", bibdate = "Tue May 29 05:57:30 MDT 2018", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/feynman-richard-p.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib", series = "Max Planck research library for the history and development of knowledge. Proceedings", URL = "http://www.edition-open-access.de/proceedings/5/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, meetingname = "International Conference on the History of Quantum Physics (3rd: 2010: Berlin, Germany)", subject = "Quantum theory; History; Congresses; Quantum theory.", tableofcontents = "Theoretical challenges by experimental physics: radiation and its interaction with matter / Shaul Katzir \\ Challenging the boundaries between classical and quantum physics: the case of optical dispersion / Marta Jordi Taltavull \\ Putting the quantum to work: Otto Sackur's pioneering exploits in the quantum theory of gases / Massimiliano Badino and Bretislav Friedrich \\ The concepts of light atoms and light molecules and their final interpretation / Dieter Fick and Horst Kant \\ Early interactions of quantum statistics and quantum mechanics / Daniela Monaldi \\ Pourparlers for amalgamation: some early sources of quantum gravity research / Dean Rickles \\ Superposing dynamos and electrons: electrical engineering and quantum physics in the case of Nishina Yoshio / Kenji Ito \\ The origins of Maria G{\"o}ppert's dissertation on two-photon quantum transitions at G{\"o}ttingen's Institutes of Physics 1920--1933 / Barry R. Masters \\ An act of creation: the Meitner-Frisch interpretation of nuclear fission / Roger H. Stuewer \\ Tsung-Sui Chang's contribution to the quantization of constrained Hamiltonian systems / Xiaodong Yin, Zhongyuan Zhu, Donald C. Salisbury \\ Feynman's struggle and Dyson's surprise: the development and early application of a new means of representation / Adrian W{\"u}thrich \\ Orthodoxies on the interpretation of quantum theory: the case of the consistent history approach / Olival Freire \\ From do-it-yourself quantum mechanics to nanotechnology?: the history of experimental semiconductor physics, 1970--2000 / Christian Kehrt", } @Book{Glazer:2015:CCA, editor = "A. M. (Anthony Michael) Glazer and Patience Thomson", booktitle = "Crystal clear: the autobiographies of {Sir Lawrence and Lady Bragg}", title = "Crystal clear: the autobiographies of {Sir Lawrence and Lady Bragg}", publisher = pub-OXFORD, address = pub-OXFORD:adr, pages = "xx + 427", year = "2015", ISBN = "0-19-874430-7 (hardcover), 0-19-106179-4 (e-book)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-19-874430-6 (hardcover), 978-0-19-106179-0 (e-book)", LCCN = "QC16.B66 C79 2015", bibdate = "Sat May 5 15:20:37 MDT 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1604/2015430192-b.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1604/2015430192-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1604/2015430192-t.html", abstract = "Crystal Clear takes you behind the scenes in the life of one of the most prominent scientists of the twentieth century, William Lawrence Bragg (WLB) --- an innovative genius, who together with his father, William Henry Bragg (WHB), founded and developed a whole new branch of science, X-ray Crystallography. The main body of the text contains the hitherto unpublished autobiographies of both WLB and his wife, Alice. Alice Bragg was a public figure in her own right. She was Mayor of Cambridge and National Chairman of the Marriage Guidance Council among other roles. She and WLB were as different as chalk and cheese. Their autobiographies complement each other to give a rounded picture of the real personalities behind their public appearance. They write of their travels, their family life, their friends and their joys and sorrows. They write most of all about each other.\par Their younger daughter, Patience Thomson, provides anecdotes and vignettes, bringing her parents to life. She has also included extracts from previously unpublished letters and from articles which Alice Bragg wrote for National newspapers. The result is an unusual insight into the lives of two distinguished people. The two accounts reveal a fascinating interaction between these two characters, neither of whom could have achieved on this scale without the other. There is an underlying love story here which humanises and transforms. This is a unique book, adopting an original viewpoint, which will take the reader far beyond the scope of a normal biography.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Otto Robert Frisch receives several mentions in this book.", subject = "Bragg, Sir William Lawrence; Bragg, Alice Grace Jenny; Physicists; Great Britain; Biography; Physics; History; Crystallography", subject-dates = "1890--1971; 1899--1989", tableofcontents = "1. Meet my Mother and Father, Patience Thomson \\ 2. William Lawrence Bragg (in his own words), William Lawrence Bragg \\ 3. Alice Grace Jenny Bragg ``The half was not told'', Alice Grace Jenny Bragg", } @Book{Reed:2015:ABS, author = "Bruce Cameron Reed", booktitle = "The atomic bomb: the story of the {Manhattan Project}: how nuclear physics became a global geopolitical game-changer", title = "The atomic bomb: the story of the {Manhattan Project}: how nuclear physics became a global geopolitical game-changer", publisher = "Morgan and Claypool Publishers and IOP Publishing", address = "San Rafael, CA, USA and Bristol, UK", pages = "239 (est.)", year = "2015", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1088/978-1-6270-5991-6", ISBN = "1-62705-990-3 (print), 1-62705-991-1 (e-book), 1-62705-993-8 (mobi)", ISBN-13 = "978-1-62705-990-9 (print), 978-1-62705-991-6 (e-book), 978-1-62705-993-0 (mobi)", ISSN = "2053-2571 (print), 2054-7307 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "2053-2571", LCCN = "QC773.3.U5 R443 2015eb", bibdate = "Tue Dec 8 08:41:58 MST 2015", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", series = "IOP concise physics", URL = "http://iopscience.iop.org/book/978-1-6270-5991-6", abstract = "This volume, prepared by an acknowledged expert on the Manhattan Project, gives a concise, fast-paced account of all major aspects of the project at a level accessible to an undergraduate college or advanced high-school student familiar with some basic concepts of energy, atomic structure, and isotopes. The text describes the underlying scientific discoveries that made nuclear weapons possible, how the project was organized, the daunting challenges faced and overcome in obtaining fissile uranium and plutonium, and in designing workable bombs, the dramatic Trinity test carried out in the desert of southern New Mexico in July 1945, and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Version 20140601.", subject = "Atomic bomb; United States; History; Nuclear physics.; SCIENCE / Physics / Nuclear.; Atomic bomb.", tableofcontents = "Preface \\ Introduction and overview \\ Prologue \\ Some scientific preliminaries \\ The Manhattan Project: a survey \\ The background science \\ Energy units, nuclear reactions and decay processes \\ The neutron, artificial radioactivity and new elements \\ Nuclear fission: discovery \\ Nuclear fission: interpretation \\ Plutonium \\ The Manhattan Project \\ Szilard, Einstein, the President and MAUD \\ The Compton committee and the Manhattan Engineer District \\ Bomb design: Los Alamos \\ Uranium enrichment: the Clinton Engineer Works \\ Plutonium: the pile program \\ Trinity, Hiroshima and Nagasaki \\ Target selection \\ Postwar planning begins \\ The missions \\ Aftermath \\ The Legacy of Manhattan and current nuclear weapons deployments \\ Postwar political developments \\ The super and the P-5 \\ Nuclear tests, deployments and treaties \\ Epilogue", } @Book{Schmidt-Bocking:2016:OSVa, editor = "Horst Schmidt-B{\"o}cking and Karin Reich and Alan Templeton and Wolfgang Trageser and Volkmar Vill", booktitle = "{Otto Sterns Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen --- Band 1}", title = "{Otto Sterns Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen --- Band 1}", volume = "1", publisher = pub-SV, address = pub-SV:adr, year = "2016", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46953-8", ISBN = "3-662-46953-7", ISBN-13 = "978-3-662-46953-8", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Schmidt-Bocking:2016:OSVb, editor = "Horst Schmidt-B{\"o}cking and Karin Reich and Alan Templeton and Wolfgang Trageser and Volkmar Vill", booktitle = "{Otto Sterns Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen --- Band 2}", title = "{Otto Sterns Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen --- Band 2}", volume = "2", publisher = pub-SV, address = pub-SV:adr, year = "2016", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46962-0", ISBN = "3-662-46962-6", ISBN-13 = "978-3-662-46962-0", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Schmidt-Bocking:2016:OSVc, editor = "Horst Schmidt-B{\"o}cking and Karin Reich and Alan Templeton and Wolfgang Trageser and Volkmar Vill", booktitle = "{Otto Sterns Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen --- Band 3}", title = "{Otto Sterns Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen --- Band 3}", volume = "3", publisher = pub-SV, address = pub-SV:adr, year = "2016", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46960-6", ISBN = "3-662-46960-X", ISBN-13 = "978-3-662-46960-6", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Schmidt-Bocking:2016:OSVd, editor = "Horst Schmidt-B{\"o}cking and Karin Reich and Alan Templeton and Wolfgang Trageser and Volkmar Vill", booktitle = "{Otto Sterns Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen --- Band 4}", title = "{Otto Sterns Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen --- Band 4}", volume = "4", publisher = pub-SV, address = pub-SV:adr, year = "2016", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46964-4", ISBN = "3-662-46964-2", ISBN-13 = "978-3-662-46964-4", bibdate = "Wed May 2 21:41:47 2018", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Stuewer:2018:AIN, author = "Roger H. Stuewer", booktitle = "The Age of Innocence: Nuclear Physics Between the {First} and {Second World Wars}", title = "The Age of Innocence: Nuclear Physics Between the {First} and {Second World Wars}", publisher = pub-OXFORD, address = pub-OXFORD:adr, pages = "xv + 484", year = "2018", ISBN = "0-19-186658-X, 0-19-882787-3 (hardback), 0-19-256290-8 (e-book)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-19-186658-6, 978-0-19-882787-0 (hardback), 978-0-19-256290-6 (e-book)", LCCN = "QC773 .S78 2018", bibdate = "Sat Apr 6 07:28:02 MDT 2019", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib", abstract = "This history of nuclear physics sets the experimental innovations and theoretical breakthroughs in the field in the period between the two World Wars within the contexts of the lives and personalities of the physicists who made them and the physical, intellectual, and political environments of the countries and institutions in which they worked.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, shorttableofcontents = "Cambridge and the Cavendish \\ European and nuclear disintegration \\ Vienna and the Institute for Radium Research \\ The Cambridge--Vienna controversy \\ The quantum-mechanical nucleus \\ Nuclear electrons and nuclear structure \\ New Particles \\ New Machines \\ Nuclear physicists at the crossroads \\ Exiles and immigrants \\ Artificial radioactivity \\ Beta decay redux, slow neutrons, Bohr and his realm \\ New theories of nuclear reactions \\ The plague spreads to Austria and Italy \\ The new world", subject = "Nuclear physics; History; Nuclear physics.", tableofcontents = "1. Cambridge and the Cavendish / 1 \\ Thomson / 1 \\ Rutherford / 7 \\ The Fourth Cavendish Professor / 12 \\ Rutherford Reigns Supreme / 15 \\ Notes / 19 \\ 2. European and Nuclear Disintegration / 22 \\ The Great War / 22 \\ Mobilization / 22 \\ The Manifesto of the Ninety-Three / 24 \\ The Horror of the War / 26 \\ Armistice and Aftermath / 27 \\ The Human Cost of the War / 28 \\ Rutherford's Discovery of Artificial Nuclear Disintegration / 29 \\ Chadwick / 35 \\ Rutherford's Satellite Model of the Nucleus / 39 \\ Notes / 42 \\ 3. Vienna and the Institute for Radium Research / 44 \\ Vienna / 44 \\ The Great Inflation / 46 \\ Meyer / 48 \\ The Institute for Radium Research / 50 \\ Meyer as Director / 56 \\ Notes / 58 \\ 4. The Cambridge--Vienna Controversy / 61 \\ Challenge from Vienna / 61 \\ Stalemate / 67 \\ Rutherford's Satellite Model and Natural Radioactivity / 72 \\ Private Expose / 75 \\ Aftermath / 79 \\ Notes / 81 \\ 5. The Quantum-Mechanical Nucleus / 85 \\ Quantum Mechanics / 85 \\ Physics in Leningrad / 85 \\ Gamow / 91 \\ Alpha Decay / 96 \\ Simultaneous Discovery / 101 \\ Cambridge and Copenhagen / 105 \\ Return to Leningrad / 109 \\ Notes / 110 \\ 6. Nuclear Electrons and Nuclear Structure / 114 \\ Nuclear Electrons / 114 \\ Contradictions / 116 \\ Gamow's Liquid-Drop Model / 119 \\ Bothe / 126 \\ Marie Curie and the Institut du Radium / 131 \\ Frederic Joliot and Irene Curie / 136 \\ The Rome Conference / 140 \\ Notes / 143 \\ 7. New Particles / 148 \\ Urey and the Deuteron / 148 \\ Chadwick and the Neutron / 155 \\ Anderson and the Positron / 166 \\ Dirac / 170 \\ Blackett / 172 \\ Notes / 178 \\ 8. New Machines / 183 \\ Cockcroft / 183 \\ Walton / 186 \\ Cockcroft--Walton Accelerator / 190 \\ Lawrence and Tove / 199 \\ Cyclotron / 203 \\ Five Nobel Prizes in Physics / 211 \\ Notes / 211 \\ 9. Nuclear Physicists at the Crossroads / 216 \\ Refugees / 216 \\ British Response / 217 \\ American Response / 221 \\ The Neutron: Compound or Elementary? / 224 \\ The Seventh Solvay Conference / 228 \\ Nuclear Questions / 232 \\ Aftermath / 234 \\ Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay / 234 \\ The Demise of Lawrence's Low-Mass Neutron / 237 \\ The Neutron: An Unstable Elementary Particle / 240 \\ Notes / 242 \\ 10. Exiles and Immigrants / 248 \\ Nazi Dogma Denounced and Defended / 248 \\ Illustrious Immigrants / 252 \\ Gamow / 253 \\ Schr{\"o}dinger / 254 \\ Goldhaber and Scharff Goldhaber / 254 \\ Elsasser / 256 \\ Peierls / 261 \\ Frisch / 263 \\ Bloch / 266 \\ Bethe / 268 \\ Welcome to America / 273 \\ Notes / 273 \\ 11. Artificial Radioactivity / 278 \\ Curie and Joliot / 278 \\ Discovery / 279 \\ Reception / 282 \\ Fermi / 284 \\ Discovery / 297 \\ Reception / 302 \\ Death of Marie Curie / 303 \\ Notes / 305 \\ 12. Beta Decay Redux, Slow Neutrons, Bohr and his Realm / 310 \\ Travels / 310 \\ The London--Cambridge Conference / 311 \\ Rutherford / 311 \\ Beck, Sitte, and Beta Decay / 312 \\ Artificial Radioactivity and Other Fields / 316 \\ Discovery of Slow Neutrons / 317 \\ Serendipity / 321 \\ Bohr and the Bohr Institute / 322 \\ Franck, Hevesy, and Exodus / 328 \\ Notes / 332 \\ 13. New Theories of Nuclear Reactions / 335 \\ The Compound Nucleus / 335 \\ Trip Around the World / 338 \\ Breit / 340 \\ Wigner / 344 \\ Nucleus+ Neutron Resonances / 349 \\ Death of Corbino / 350 \\ Death of Rutherford / 350 \\ Notes / 358 \\ 14. The Plague Spreads to Austria and Italy / 361 \\ Anschluss / 361 \\ Illustrious Austrian--Hungarian Exiles / 362 \\ Schr{\"o}dinger / 362 \\ Meyer / 364 \\ Blau / 366 \\ Rona / 368 \\ Meitner / 370 \\ Illustrious Italian Exiles / 376 \\ Rossi / 376 \\ Segre / 380 \\ Fermi / 384 \\ Notes / 389 \\ 15. The New World / 393 \\ Nuclear Fission / 393 \\ Discovery / 394 \\ Interpretation / 396 \\ Bohr and Fermi in America / 402 \\ Notes / 407 \\ Archives / 411 \\ Oral History Interviews / 412 \\ Websites / 413 \\ Journal Abbreviations / 415 \\ Bibliography / 418 \\ Name Index / 455 \\ Subject Index / 465", } .