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(mark)o(eted)g(this)h(mac)o(hine.)209 369 y Fi(V)l(ector)h(Register)h(Arc)o (hitecture)209 455 y Fk(This)i(mac)o(hine)g(is)g(no)g(longer)g(b)q(eing)g (pro)q(duced,)i(although)d(when)h(\014rst)f(in)o(tro)q(duced)i(in)f(1976)209 521 y(\(Los)13 b(Alamos\),)g(it)g(w)o(as)f(without)i(doubt)f(the)g(fastest)f (pro)q(cessor)h(in)h(the)f(w)o(orld)g(and)h(is)f(still)i(used)209 587 y(as)c(a)h(b)q(enc)o(hmark)g(for)f(high-sp)q(eed)j(computing.)19 b(Since)14 b(man)o(y)d(CRA)l(Y)h(customers)f(are)h(curren)o(tly)209 654 y(upgrading)18 b(their)h(systems)e(to)g(an)g(X-MP)l(,)h(there)f(are)h (opp)q(ortunities)h(to)e(buy)h(a)f(second-hand)209 720 y(CRA)l(Y-1S)f(at)f (kno)q(c)o(kdo)o(wn)g(prices.)209 855 y Fi(Arc)o(hitecture:)277 922 y Fk(A)h(unipro)q(cessor.)277 988 y(V)l(ector)f(pro)q(cessor,)g(uses)g (pip)q(elin)q(ing)j(and)e(c)o(haining)g(to)f(gain)g(sp)q(eed.)277 1054 y(12.5-nsec)g(clo)q(c)o(k.)21 b(F)l(ast)14 b(scalar.)277 1121 y(Uses)i(only)f(four)g(c)o(hip)h(t)o(yp)q(es)g(with)f(2)g(gates)f(p)q (er)i(c)o(hip.)277 1187 y(64-bit)g(w)o(ord)e(size)i(up)g(to)e(4)h(Mw)o(ords)f (of)h(storage.)277 1254 y(The)h(CRA)l(Y)g(1-S)f(has)g(bip)q(olar)h(\(in)g (units)g(of)f(4K)g(RAM\),)g(and)g(the)g(new)o(er)g(\(1982\))353 1320 y(CRA)l(Y)h(1-M)f(has)g(MOS)g(memory)g(\(in)g(units)h(of)f(16K)g(RAM\).) 277 1386 y(Logic)h(c)o(hips)g(-)g(ECL)f(with)g(a)g(gate)g(dela)o(y)h(of)e(.7) h(nsec.)277 1453 y(Main)h(memory)e(bank)o(ed)i(up)g(to)e(16)h(w)o(a)o(ys.)k (The)c(bank)g(busy)h(time)f(is)h(50)f(nsec)g(\(70)353 1519 y(nsec)h(on)f(the)g(1-M\))g(and)g(the)g(memory)g(access)g(time)h(\(latency\)) f(is)h(12)e(clo)q(c)o(ks)353 1586 y(\(150)g(nsec\).)277 1652 y(No)h(virtual)h(memory)277 1719 y(Register-to-register)g(mac)o(hine)277 1785 y(8)f(registers)g(of)g(length)h(64)e(\(64-bit\))h(w)o(ords)g(eac)o(h)277 1851 y(W)l(ord)g(addressable)h(\(64-bits\).)277 1918 y(No)f(half)h (precision.)277 1984 y(Double)g(precision)h(\(128)d(bits\))h(is)h(through)f (soft)o(w)o(are)e(and)j(is)f(extremely)h(slo)o(w)f(\(factors)f(of)353 2051 y(ab)q(out)h(\014ft)o(y)g(times)g(single)i(precision)g(\(64)d(bits\))h (are)g(common\).)209 2186 y(There)c(is)f(only)h(one)g(pip)q(e)g(from)f (memory-to-v)o(ector)f(registers,)h(resulting)i(in)f(a)f(ma)s(jor)f(b)q (ottlenec)o(k)209 2252 y(with)j(loads)h(and)f(stores)f(to)h(memory)f(from)g (registers.)19 b(Loads)12 b(can)g(b)q(e)h(c)o(hained)g(with)g(arithmetic)209 2318 y(op)q(erations;)i(stores)f(cannot.)209 2433 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)19 b Fk(An)d(extensiv)o(e)g(range)f(of)g(soft)o(w)o(are)e(exists)j(for)f(this)g (mac)o(hine.)21 b(Since)c(the)e(instruc-)209 2500 y(tion)f(set)g(is)g (compatible)h(with)f(the)f(X-MP)h(range,)f(this)h(soft)o(w)o(are)e(will)k (also)d(run)h(on)g(that)f(range.)209 2615 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)25 b Fk(Lo)o(w)18 b(v)o(ector)f(start-up)h(times)g(and)h(fast)e(scalar)i(p)q (erformance)f(mak)o(e)g(this)h(a)209 2681 y(v)o(ery)12 b(general-purp)q(ose)h (mac)o(hine.)19 b(Max.)g(p)q(erformance)12 b(160)f(M\015ops;)h(64-bit)g (arithmetic;)h(max.)973 2827 y(35)p eop %%Page: 36 38 37 bop 209 199 a Fk(attainable)16 b(sustained)g(p)q(erformance)f(150)g (M\015ops.)20 b(There)15 b(are)g(co)q(des)h(for)f(matrix)g(m)o(ultiplica-)209 266 y(tion)g(and)g(the)g(solution)g(of)f(equations)h(whic)o(h)h(get)e(close)h (to)g(this.)20 b(Maxim)o(um)14 b(scalar)h(rate)f(is)h(80)209 332 y(mips.)21 b(It)15 b(is)h(easy)f(to)f(attain)h(o)o(v)o(er)f(100)h (M\015ops)g(for)f(certain)i(problems,)f(ev)o(en)h(using)g(F)l(ortran.)209 447 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 600 y Fk(Cra)o(y)e(Researc)o(h)i(Inc.)209 666 y(1440)e(Northland)i(Driv)o(e)209 732 y(Mendota)f(Heigh)o(ts,)g(MN)g (55120)209 799 y(612-452-6650)973 2827 y(36)p eop %%Page: 37 39 38 bop 209 199 a Fi(CRA)l(Y-2)209 284 y(V)l(ector)17 b(Register,)g(P)o (arallel,)h(Shared-Memory)e(Arc)o(hitecture)209 399 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)21 b Fk(This)16 b(is)g(a)g(4-pro)q(cessor)f(\(quadran)o(t\))g(v)o(ector)g(mac)o (hine)i(with)f(pip)q(elinin)q(g)i(and)209 466 y(o)o(v)o(erlapping)d(but)g(no) g(c)o(haining.)21 b(There)15 b(are)f(more)g(segmen)o(ts)h(in)g(the)g(pip)q (es)h(than)e(in)i(the)f(other)209 532 y(CRA)l(Ys.)21 b(Multitasking)15 b(primitiv)o(es)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(same)g(syn)o(tax)f(as)h(the)g(X-MP)l(.)209 647 y(The)h(system)e(has)h(a)g(4.1-nsec)g(clo)q(c)o(k)h(cycle)g(time.)209 762 y(Memory)i(is)i(256)e(Mw)o(ords)g(of)g(256)h(K)g(DRAM)g(in)h(128)e (banks.)31 b(The)19 b(bank)h(busy)f(time)g(is)h(57)209 829 y(clo)q(c)o(ks,)c(and)g(the)g(scalar)f(memory)g(access)h(time)g(is)g(59)f (clo)q(c)o(ks.)22 b(Lo)q(cal)16 b(memory)f(is)h(16)f(Kw)o(ords,)209 895 y(4)h(clo)q(c)o(ks)g(from)f(lo)q(cal)i(memory)e(to)g(v)o(ector)g (registers.)21 b(V)l(ector)16 b(references)g(from)f(lo)q(cal)i(memory)209 962 y(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)h(with)f(unit)h(stride.)k(There)c(are)f(8)g(v)o(ector)f (registers)h(eac)o(h)g(with)h(64)f(elemen)o(ts.)209 1114 y(Ov)o(erheads)h (for)e(v)o(ector)h(op)q(erations)g(are)g(large:)279 1181 y(63)f(cycles)i(for) f(v)o(ector)g(load)279 1247 y(22)f(cycles)i(for)f(v)o(ector)g(m)o(ultiply)279 1313 y(22)f(cycles)i(for)f(v)o(ector)g(add)279 1380 y(63)f(cycles)i(for)f(v)o (ector)g(store)209 1532 y(Recen)o(t)g(enhancemen)o(ts)g(to)f(the)g(CRA)l(Y-2) h(include)h(a)e(512)g(Mw)o(ord)f(memory)h(and)g(mo)q(dels)h(with)209 1599 y(128)h(Mw)o(ord)f(static)i(RAM.)f(Other)h(impro)o(v)o(emen)o(ts)f (include)j(implemen)o(ting)g(functional)f(units)209 1665 y(in)13 b(VLSI)g(\(and)f(cutting)g(latency)h(time)f(b)o(y)g(half)t(\),)g(a)f(larger)h (instruction)h(bu\013er,)f(reduced)h(branc)o(h)209 1732 y(time,)i(and)h (faster)e(issue)i(rates)f(for)f(certain)i(sequences)g(of)f(instructions.)209 1847 y Fi(Con\014gurations:)28 b Fk(Cra)o(y)19 b(has)g(an)g(ongoing)g (commitmen)o(t)f(to)h(high-sp)q(eed)i(p)q(eripherals)g(and)209 1913 y(fast)e(net)o(w)o(ork)f(links.)33 b(HSX)20 b(is)f(a)g(100)f(Mb)o (ytes/sec)h(link)i(for)d(connecting)j(CRA)l(Ys)e(together.)209 1980 y(CRA)l(Ys)13 b(can)f(b)q(e)h(link)o(ed)h(to)e(Ultra)g(Corp)q(orations)g 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y(Stuttgart,)13 b(and)j(Ecole)g(P)o(olytec)o(hnique)g(\(P)o(aris\).)209 707 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 860 y Fk(Cra)o(y)e(Researc)o(h)i(Inc.)209 926 y(1440)e(Northland)i(Driv)o(e)209 993 y(Mendota)f(Heigh)o(ts,)g(MN)g (55120)209 1059 y(612-452-6650)973 2827 y(38)p eop %%Page: 39 41 40 bop 209 199 a Fi(CRA)l(Y-3)209 284 y(V)l(ector)17 b(Register)h(P)o (arallel)g(Arc)o(hitecture)209 399 y Fk(The)e(mac)o(hine)h(is)f(essen)o (tially)h(a)e(GaAs)g(v)o(ersion)h(of)g(the)f(CRA)l(Y-2)i(b)q(eing)g(dev)o (elop)q(ed)g(b)o(y)f(a)f(new)209 466 y(compan)o(y)21 b(under)i(Seymour)e(Cra) o(y)g(at)g(Colorado)g(Springs.)40 b(GaAs)21 b(comp)q(onen)o(ts)h(are)f(b)q (eing)209 532 y(dev)o(elop)q(ed)c(in)f(co)q(op)q(eration)g(with)f(Gigabit)h (Logic.)209 685 y Fi(Arc)o(hitecture:)277 751 y Fk(Ab)q(out)g(300)e(gates/c)o (hip)h(with)h(gate)e(dela)o(y)i(of)f(200)f(picosecs.)277 818 y(2)h(nsec)h(cycle)g(time)277 884 y(4)f(logical)i(functions/clo)q(c)o(k)f(p)q (erio)q(d.)277 950 y(Instruction)g(issue)g(ev)o(ery)f(clo)q(c)o(k.)277 1017 y(16)g(pro)q(cessors.)277 1083 y(512)g(Mw)o(ords)f(static)h(RAM)g(with)h (256)e(or)h(512)f(w)o(a)o(y)g(in)o(terlea)o(ving.)277 1150 y(Bank)i(busy)f(time)h(of)e(25)h(nsec)h(and)f(memory)g(cycle)h(time)g(of)f (50)f(nsec.)277 1216 y(2)h(p)q(orts)g(to)g(memory)f(p)q(er)i(CPU.)277 1283 y(T)l(otal)f(memory)g(bandwidth)h(will)h(b)q(e)f(16)e(times)i(CRA)l (Y-2.)277 1349 y(VR)g(tailgating)g(can)f(yield)i(similar)f(e\013ect)f(to)g(c) o(haining.)277 1415 y(P)o(eak)g(rate)g(of)f(ab)q(out)h(16)g(G\015ops.)277 1482 y(1000)f(Mb)o(yte/sec)h(c)o(hannels.)277 1548 y(Liquid)j(co)q(olan)o(t)d (immersion.)209 1701 y(CRA)l(Y-2)d(im)o(balance)h(remo)o(v)o(ed)d(b)o(y)i (increasing)g(scalar)g(sp)q(eed)g(to)f(four)g(times)g(that)g(of)g(a)g(CRA)l (Y-2)209 1767 y(on)k(eac)o(h)h(pro)q(cessor)f(giving)h(12)e(times)i(scalar)f (sp)q(eed.)21 b(Aim)16 b(is)f(100)g(times)g(a)g(CRA)l(Y-1.)209 1882 y Fi(Con\014guration:)26 b Fk(Boards)17 b(reduced)i(from)e(the)h (4"x8"x1")e(of)h(the)h(CRA)l(Y-2)g(to)f(1"x1"x0.1".)209 1949 y(There)g(are)f(four)g(mo)q(dules)i(to)e(eac)o(h)g(pro)q(cessor,)h(eac)o(h)f (mo)q(dule)i(con)o(taining)f(sixteen)h(1")e(cub)q(es.)209 2015 y(Ov)o(erall)h(dimensions)g(of)e(28")g(diameter)h(and)g(4")f(to)g(6")g(high,) i(with)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(dissipation)i(of)e(180)209 2081 y(KW)g(as)g(in)h (CRA)l(Y-2.)21 b(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)13 b(supplies)18 b(tak)o(e)c(10)h(cu)g(ft)g (and)g(liquid)j(co)q(olan)o(t)d(100)f(cu)i(ft.)209 2197 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:) j Fk(Op)q(erating)d(system)f(will)i(b)q(e)f(UNICOS,)f(CRI's)h(UNIX)g(system.) 209 2312 y Fi(Status:)34 b Fk(The)22 b(price)h(is)f(lik)o(ely)i(to)d(b)q(e)h (around)g($25M)f(to)g($30M)g(for)g(a)g(full)j(con\014guration,)209 2378 y(naturally)16 b(dep)q(enden)o(t)h(on)e(mark)o(et)f(forces)h(at)f(time)i (of)f(launc)o(h.)21 b(F)l(ull)16 b(pro)q(duction)g(b)o(y)f(1991.)973 2827 y(39)p eop %%Page: 40 42 41 bop 209 199 a Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 322 y Fk(Cra)o(y)14 b(Computer)h(Compan)o (y)209 388 y(P)l(.O.)g(Bo)o(x)g(17500)f(Colorado)g(Springs,)i(CO)f(80935)f (719-579-6464)973 2827 y(40)p eop %%Page: 41 43 42 bop 209 199 a Fi(CRA)l(Y)16 b(X-MP)209 284 y Fk(Compan)o(y)f(no)g(longer)g (mark)o(eting)g(this)h(mac)o(hine.)209 369 y Fi(V)l(ector)h(Register,)g(P)o (arallel,)h(Shared)g(Memory)d(Arc)o(hitecture)209 485 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)20 b Fk(This)c(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor)g(pip)q(elined)i(v)o(ector)d(mac)o(hine)h (has)f(the)h(same)f(arc)o(hitec-)209 551 y(ture)f(as)f(the)h(CRA)l(Y-1.)20 b(The)14 b(ma)s(jor)e(di\013erence)j(is)f(that)f(there)h(are)g(three)f(paths) h(from)f(memory)209 617 y(to)k(the)g(v)o(ector)g(registers,)g(and)h(the)f (clo)q(c)o(k)h(cycle)h(time)f(is)f(8.5)g(nsec)h(on)f(all)h(mac)o(hines)g (shipp)q(ed)209 684 y(after)d(August)g(1986)f(\(mac)o(hines)h(built)i(b)q (efore)e(August)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(a)g(cycle)i(time)e(of)g(9.5)f(nsec.\))209 799 y(The)19 b(curren)o(t)f(mac)o(hines)i(come)e(with)h(1,)g(2,)g(or)f(4)g (pro)q(cessors.)30 b(Gather/scatter)17 b(hardw)o(are)h(is)209 865 y(a)o(v)m(ailable)g(on)d(the)h(2-)g(or)g(4-pro)q(cessor)f(v)o(ersion)h (of)g(the)g(mac)o(hine.)22 b(The)16 b(gather/scatter)f(can)h(b)q(e)209 932 y(c)o(hained)j(to)f(a)f(load/store)g(op)q(eration.)29 b(Users)18 b(can)g(con)o(trol)f(all)i(pro)q(cessors)f(through)g(calls)h(in)209 998 y(F)l(ortran.)g(The)c(pro)q(cessors)g(share)g(memory)l(.)209 1113 y(Other)h(features:)209 1228 y(Memory)f(up)g(to)g(16)f(M)h(\(64-bit\))g (w)o(ords)209 1343 y(X-MP-2)g(MOS.)g(\(Bank)g(busy)h(time)f(is)h(68)e(nsec)i (and)g(memory)e(access)i(time)f(is)h(17)e(clo)q(c)o(ks.\))209 1459 y(X-MP-4)h(ECL.)g(\(Bank)g(busy)h(time)f(is)h(34)e(nsec)i(and)f(memory)g (access)g(time)h(is)g(14)e(clo)q(c)o(ks.\))209 1574 y(ECL)h(logic)h(with)g (.35-.5)e(nsec)i(gate)e(dela)o(y)i(and)f(16)g(gates/c)o(hip.)209 1689 y(Main)i(memory)f(-)h(ECL)g(4K)g(RAMs)f(with)h(25-nsec)g(access)g(time.) 25 b(\(In)o(terlea)o(ving)17 b(to)f(64)g(banks)209 1755 y(is)g(p)q (ossible.\))209 1870 y(High-sp)q(eed)e(connection)e(at)f(1024)f(Mb)o (ytes/sec)h(p)q(er)h(c)o(hannel)h(\(max.)18 b(2\))11 b(to)g(a)g(CRA)l(Y)h (SSD.)f(The)209 1937 y(SSD)i(comes)f(in)h(v)m(arious)g(sizes)g(up)g(to)f(512) g(Mw)o(ords)f(of)h(secondary)g(MOS)h(memory)l(.)19 b(Data)11 b(trans-)209 2003 y(fer)17 b(to)f(high)i(sp)q(eed)g(\(1200)e(Mb)o(yte\))g (DD-49)g(disk)h(tak)o(es)g(10)f(Mb)o(ytes/sec.)25 b(Recen)o(t)17 b(p)q(eripheral)209 2070 y(enhancemen)o(ts)f(as)f(rep)q(orted)g(under)h(the)f (CRA)l(Y-2.)209 2185 y Fi(Con\014guration:)20 b Fk(There)13 b(are)g(man)o(y)g(p)q(ossible)i(fron)o(t)d(ends)i(including)i(IBM,)d(CDC,)f (V)-5 b(AX,)13 b(and)209 2251 y(Ap)q(ollo.)209 2366 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)18 b Fk(P)o(eak)d(of)g(235)f(M\015ops)h(p)q(er)h(pro)q(cessor.)209 2481 y Fi(Status:)21 b Fk(Cost:)e($25M)14 b(to)g($30M)g(for)h(a)g(fully)h (con\014gured)g(system)f(at)f(presen)o(t-da)o(y)h(prices.)209 2596 y(Deliv)o(ery:)21 b(Announced)16 b(in)h(August)e(1982,)e(\014rst)i (system)g(deliv)o(ered)i(in)f(June)g(1983.)973 2827 y(41)p eop %%Page: 42 44 43 bop 209 199 a Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 322 y Fk(Cra)o(y)14 b(Researc)o(h)i(Inc.) 209 388 y(1440)e(Northland)i(Driv)o(e)209 455 y(Mendota)f(Heigh)o(ts,)g(MN)g (55120)209 521 y(612-452-6650)973 2827 y(42)p eop %%Page: 43 45 44 bop 209 199 a Fi(CRA)l(Y)16 b(Y-MP)209 284 y(V)l(ector)h(Register,)g(P)o (arallel,)h(Shared-Memory)e(Arc)o(hitecture)209 399 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)25 b Fk(This)19 b(is)g(a)f(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor)g(pip)q(elin)q(ed)j(v)o(ector)d (mac)o(hine.)29 b(It)18 b(has)g(a)g(similar)209 466 y(arc)o(hitecture)e(to)f (the)h(CRA)l(Y)g(X-MP)l(.)g(A)f(ma)s(jor)g(di\013erence)i(is)f(the)g(a)o(v)m (ailabilit)o(y)h(of)f(32-)f(as)g(w)o(ell)209 532 y(as)h(24-bit)h(addressing.) 24 b(The)17 b(cycle)h(time)f(is)g(6)f(nsec,)h(and)g(it)g(is)g(an)f(8)g(pro)q (cessor)h(mac)o(hine.)24 b(As)209 599 y(in)16 b(the)f(X-MP)g(there)h(are)f (three)g(paths)g(from)f(memory)h(to)g(the)g(v)o(ector)f(registers.)209 714 y(There)d(are)f(only)h(three)g(mo)q(dule)h(t)o(yp)q(es,)f(for)f(the)g 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b(dimensions)h(of)e(the)h(mac)o(hine)g (are)f(77")g(x)g(30")g(x)h(75")e(with)i(a)f(total)g(fo)q(otprin)o(t)g(of)g (98)g(sq)h(ft)209 2104 y(and)f(w)o(eighing)i(5,000)c(lb.)209 2219 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)30 b Fk(COS)22 b(and)f(UNICOS)h(are)e(b)q(oth)h (supp)q(orted.)38 b(In)22 b(addition)g(to)e(CFT77)g(a)g(new)209 2286 y(F)l(ortran)g(compiler)j(will)g(b)q(e)f(a)o(v)m(ailable.)40 b(P)o(erformance)21 b(to)q(ols)g(include)j(dynamic)e(and)g(static)209 2352 y(analysis,)15 b(tuning,)f(and)g(debugging)h(aids.)20 b(Can)13 b(run)i(in)f(X)g(or)f(Y)h(mo)q(de,)g(and)g(soft)o(w)o(are)e(can)i (also)209 2418 y(run)i(\(in)f(X)h(mo)q(de\))f(on)g(the)g(X-MP)l(.)209 2533 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)i Fk(P)o(eak)12 b(p)q(erformance)h(of)f(4)g (G\015ops.)19 b(Ov)o(erall)13 b(p)q(erformance)g(of)f(ab)q(out)g(30)g(times) 209 2600 y(a)i(CRA)l(Y-1.)20 b(Eac)o(h)14 b(pro)q(cessor)f(should)i(outp)q (erform)f(a)f(single)j(X-MP)d(pro)q(cessor)h(b)o(y)g(a)g(factor)f(of)209 2666 y(1.4)h(in)i(v)o(ector)f(mo)q(de)g(\(1.2)f(in)i(scalar\).)973 2827 y(43)p eop %%Page: 44 46 45 bop 209 199 a Fi(Status:)23 b Fk(1)16 b(CPU)g(running)i(in)f(1987;)f (\014rst)g(deliv)o(eries)i(in)f(1988;)f(nine)i(deliv)o(eries)g(in)f(1989;)f (full)209 266 y(pro)q(duction)g(and)g(p)q(ossible)h(enhancemen)o(ts)f(in)g (1990.)209 351 y(Cost:)j(Around)d($25M)e(for)g(a)h(fully)i(con\014gured)e (mac)o(hine.)209 436 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 571 y Fk(Cra)o(y)f(Researc)o(h)i (Inc.)209 637 y(1440)e(Northland)i(Driv)o(e)209 704 y(Mendota)f(Heigh)o(ts,)g (MN)g(55120)209 770 y(612-452-6650)209 866 y(Les)h(Da)o(vis)209 933 y(1100)e(Lo)o(w)o(ater)g(Rd.)209 999 y(Cra)o(y)g(Researc)o(h)i(Inc.)209 1066 y(Chipp)q(ew)o(a)g(F)l(alls,)g(Wisconsin)g(54701)209 1132 y(715-726-1211)973 2827 y(44)p eop %%Page: 45 47 46 bop 209 199 a Fi(CULLER)19 b(8)209 329 y Fk(The)d(compan)o(y)e(is)i(no)f (longer)h(in)g(business.)209 459 y Fi(Bus-connected)j(parallel)g(arc)o (hitecture)209 545 y(Compan)o(y)e(no)g(longer)h(in)g(business)209 660 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)28 b Fk(Proprietary)18 b(64-bit)i(dual)g(in)o(terlea)o (v)o(ed)g(\015oating-p)q(oin)o(t)g(pro)q(cessors.)32 b(Eac)o(h)209 726 y(pro)q(cessor)22 b(has)g(a)f(lo)q(cal)i(high-sp)q(eed)h(static)e(memory) f(of)g(32)h(Mb)o(ytes.)39 b(A)22 b(global)g(dynamic)209 792 y(memory)15 b(is)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(in)f(24)f(Mb)o(yte)g(incremen)o(ts.)209 908 y Fi(Con\014guration:)30 b Fk(The)20 b(CULLER)g(8)f(is)i(fron)o(t-ended)e (b)o(y)h(a)f(SUN)h(3)f(with)h(three)g(b)q(oard)g(set)209 974 y(p)q(erforming)e(at)g(37.5)e(M\015ops.)28 b(An)18 b(HSC)h(link)g(at)e(100)g (Mb)o(ytes/sec)h(in)o(terconnects)g(up)h(to)e(16)209 1040 y(computing)i(no)q (des.)32 b(Disk)19 b(storage)e(via)j(IBIS)g(1)e(Gb)o(yte)g(driv)o(es)i(with)f (a)f(12)h(Mb)o(yte/sec)f(data)209 1107 y(transfer)d(rate.)209 1222 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)k Fk(The)c(F77)f(and)i(C)e(compilers)j(share)d(a)h (common)g(bac)o(k-end)h(co)q(de)f(generator.)k(The)209 1288 y(compilers)14 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y(Lisp,)f(Simscript,)g(and)f(Ada.)22 b(DEC)15 b(F)l(ortran)g(extensions)h (are)g(supp)q(orted.)22 b(Auto-v)o(ectorizing,)209 332 y(and)15 b(a)e(full)j(suite)f(of)f(debugging)h(facilities,)h(including)h(a)d(sym)o(b)q (olic)h(debugger)g(and)f(monitoring)209 399 y(utilities,)j(are)e(a)o(v)m (ailable.)209 514 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)i Fk(The)12 b(p)q(eak)g(rating)f(of)h (the)g(P)o(egasus)f(mac)o(hine)h(is)h(250)e(mips.)19 b(A)12 b(single)h(P)o(egasus)209 580 y(pro)q(cessor)g(p)q(erforms)h(at)e(10)h (M\015ops)g(on)h(the)f(LINP)l(A)o(CK)i(b)q(enc)o(hmark,)f(and)f(there)h(are)f (up)h(to)f(10)209 646 y(pro)q(cessors)i(in)h(a)f(single)h(con\014guration.)21 b(A)15 b(12-pro)q(cessor)f(M6420)g(is)i(rated)f(at)f(120)g(mips.)209 762 y Fi(Status:)27 b Fk(The)19 b(\014rst)f(mac)o(hine)h(based)g(on)f(a)g (6410)f(CPU)h(w)o(as)g(deliv)o(ered)i(in)g(1983.)28 b(The)18 b(6420)209 828 y(CPU)f(w)o(as)f(\014rst)g(deliv)o(ered)i(in)g(1986,)e(and)h 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y(bilit)o(y)l(,)h(with)g(sp)q(eed)f(capacit)o(y)g(of)g(appro)o (ximately)g(of)f(1)h(mip)g(using)h(the)f(32032.)j(Eac)o(h)d(card)f(has)209 847 y(a)g(hardw)o(are)f(\015oating-p)q(oin)o(t)i(pro)q(cessor)f(and)g(hardw)o (are)g(memory)f(managemen)o(t)h(and)g(memory)209 913 y(protection)i(with)g(a) g(lo)q(cal)h(bus)f(in)o(terface)g(and)g(a)g(32-bit)g(VMEbus)g(I/O)g(in)o (terface.)22 b(Also,)16 b(eac)o(h)209 979 y(pro)q(cessor)e(b)q(oard)g(has)g (1)g(Mb)o(yte)f(or)h(4)f(Mb)o(ytes)h(of)f(ECC)h(RAM)g(in)h(addition)g(to)f (cac)o(he)g(memory)209 1046 y(and)19 b(128)g(K)g(of)g(R)o(OM.)g(An)g (optional)h(1)f(Mb)o(yte)g(of)f(RAM)i(\(later)f(planned)h(to)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g (up)g(to)g(8)209 1112 y(Mb)o(yte\))d(with)h(in)o(tegral)g(error)g(detection)g (and)g(correction)g(co)q(de)h(logic)f(is)h(a)o(v)m(ailable.)26 b(Also,)17 b(an)209 1179 y(optional)e(\015oating)f(p)q(oin)o(t)h(accelerator) f(\(1)g(M\015op\))f(is)i(a)o(v)m(ailable)h(on)e(eac)o(h)h(pro)q(cessor.)k (The)14 b(com-)209 1245 y(pan)o(y)j(en)o(visages)g(attac)o(hing)g(arra)o(y)f (pro)q(cessors)g(that)h(are)f(VME)h(compatible)h(suc)o(h)f(as)g(a)g(SKY)209 1312 y(W)l(arrior.)209 1427 y(Other)f(features:)277 1549 y(Standard)f(VME)g (bus)h(op)q(en)g(arc)o(hitecture)f(supp)q(orting)h(Euro)q(card)f(standard.) 277 1616 y(Comm)o(unication)h(rates)e(on)h(lo)q(cal)i(buses)f(of)e(160)h (Mbit/sec)g(eac)o(h.)277 1682 y(Comm)o(unication)h(rates)e(on)h(common)g(bus) h(of)f(380)f(Mbit/sec)h(eac)o(h.)277 1748 y(Time)h(to)f(get)f(on)h(lo)q(cal)i (bus)e(-)h(1)f(msec.)277 1815 y(Time)h(to)f(do)g(an)g(an)g(arbitrated)g (read/write)g(through)g(high-sp)q(eed)i(\(45)d(nsec\))353 1881 y(common)h(memory)g(-)g(170-185)e(nsec)277 1948 y(Direct)j(message)e(passing) i(in)o(to)f(another)g(pro)q(cessor's)g(memory)f(is)i(via)f(global)h(memory)l (.)209 2166 y Fi(Con\014guration:)21 b Fk(The)15 b(mac)o(hine)h(can)f(ha)o(v) o(e)f(\015exible)j(con\014guration)f(of)e(lo)q(cal)i(\(145)e(nsec\))h(and)209 2233 y(common)j(memory)g(\(45)f(nsec\).)29 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(a)g(VME)g(bus)h(in)o(terface.)209 381 y(The)g(minim)o(um)g(system)f(is)h(a)g (single)g(cabinet)h(mo)q(del)f(T)f(20)g(comprising)i(16)d(pro)q(cessing)j(no) q(des)209 447 y(with)d(a)f(maxim)o(um)g(p)q(eak)h(p)q(erformance)f(of)g(192)g (M\015ops.)19 b(It)13 b(w)o(eighs)h(around)f(300)g(lb,)h(consumes)209 514 y(1.7KW,)h(and)h(has)g(a)g(fo)q(otprin)o(t)f(of)h(5)g(sq.)22 b(ft,)15 b(with)i(dimensions)h(24.1"w)c(x)i(24"d)f(x)h(58"h.)22 b(The)209 580 y(largest)15 b(mo)q(del)g(is)h(a)e(T)h(40000)e(with)j(1024)d (cabinets)j(although)f(the)g(largest)f(so)h(far)f(deliv)o(ered)j(is)209 646 y(the)e(T)g(200)g(\(128)f(pro)q(cessors\))g(at)h(Los)g(Alamos.)209 762 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)j Fk(The)13 b(T)g(Series)i(runs)e(under)h(the)f(UL)l (TRIX)i(op)q(erating)e(system)g(on)g(the)g(MicroV)-5 b(AX)209 828 y(fron)o(t-end.)31 b(Comprehensiv)o(e)20 b(libraries)h(are)d(included)k (for)c(data)h(partitioning)h(and)f(distribu-)209 894 y(tion,)12 b(dynamic)g(con\014guration)f(of)g(pro)q(cessing)h(no)q(des)g(in)o(to)f (application)h(top)q(ologies,)g(structured)209 961 y(async)o(hronous)j(comm)o (unications)h(and)f(v)o(ectorized)h(mathematics.)209 1076 y Fi(Languages:)21 b Fk(F)l(ortran,)14 b(C,)g(and)i(OCCAM)f(2.)209 1191 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)i Fk(The)12 b(T)h(100)e(can)h(p)q(erform)g(a)g (matrix)g(m)o(ultiply)i(at)e(596)f(M\015ops)h(and)h(can)f(solv)o(e)209 1257 y(a)17 b(linear)i(system)e(at)f(135)h(M\015ops.)26 b(A)17 b(quan)o(tum)g(Mon)o(te)g(Carlo)g(b)q(enc)o(hmark)g(on)h(the)f(T)g(20)g(at) 209 1324 y(Daresbury)e(ran)g(only)h(1.7)e(times)h(slo)o(w)o(er)g(than)g(a)g (CRA)l(Y)h(1S.)209 1439 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 1561 y Fk(T)l(om)f(Bauer)209 1628 y(FPS)g(Computing)g(Inc.)209 1694 y(Bea)o(v)o(erton,)f(OR)i(97005)209 1761 y(1-800-547-1445)209 1857 y(Da)o(vid)f(A.)g(T)l(anquera)o(y)209 1923 y(FPS)g(Computing)g(U.K.)g(Limited)209 1990 y(Ap)q(ex)h(House)209 2056 y(London)g(Road)209 2123 y(Brac)o(knell)209 2189 y(Berks)f(R)o(G12)g 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y(sc)o(hedule)d(and)e(at)g(only)h (one-\014fth)f(of)g(the)g(planned)i(budget.)973 2827 y(71)p eop %%Page: 72 74 73 bop 209 199 a Fi(Loral)19 b(MPP)209 314 y(Bit-Slice)h(P)o(arallel)f(Arc)o (hitecture)209 429 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)28 b Fk(The)20 b(MPP)f(is)h(the)f(pro)q (duct)h(of)f(researc)o(h)g(and)h(dev)o(elopmen)o(t)g(designed)h(to)209 496 y(ev)m(aluate)12 b(the)f(application)i(of)e(a)g(computer)g(arc)o (hitecture)h(con)o(taining)g(thousands)f(of)f(pro)q(cessing)209 562 y(elemen)o(ts,)16 b(all)g(op)q(erating)f(concurren)o(tly)l(.)209 647 y(The)f(ma)s(jor)f(elemen)o(ts)h(are)g(the)g(arra)o(y)f(unit,)h(the)g (arra)o(y)f(con)o(trol)g(unit,)i(and)f(the)g(staging)g(bu\013er.)209 714 y(The)h(128x128)e(pro)q(cessing)j(elemen)o(t)f(has)g(nearest)f(neigh)o(b) q(our)i(connection)g(with)f(full-edge)i(clo-)209 780 y(sure.)j(The)c(16,384)d (pro)q(cessing)k(elemen)o(ts,)e(not)g(including)j(the)e(extra)e(columns)i (for)f(reliabilit)o(y)l(,)209 847 y(are)g(simple)i(bit-serial)f(pro)q 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Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)k Fk(Gould's)13 b(UTX/32)g(op)q(erating)g(system)g (com)o(bines)h(all)g(features)f(of)g(A)l(T&T)g(v)o(ersion)209 2388 y(V)j(and)h(BSD)f(4.3)g(with)g(extensions)h(for)f(sim)o(ultaneous)h (real-time)g(supp)q(ort.)24 b(UTX/32)15 b(on)h(the)209 2454 y(NP1)i(rates)f(as)h(a)g(`C2')e(class)j(op)q(erating)f(system.)28 b(Gould)19 b(supp)q(orts)f(IEEE)g(1003.1)e(-)i(POSIX)209 2521 y(standard.)209 2636 y Fi(Languages:)27 b Fk(Highly)19 b(optimized)h(C)e(and) g(F)l(ortran)f(77)g(compilers)j(are)d(a)o(v)m(ailable,)j(and)f(Ada,)209 2702 y(P)o(ascal,)e(LISP)l(,)i(COBOL,)f(BASIC,)f(and)h(Assem)o(bler)g(are)f (also)g(supp)q(orted.)27 b(Gould)18 b(Common)973 2827 y(73)p eop %%Page: 74 76 75 bop 209 199 a Fk(F)l(ortran)14 b(\(GCF\))g(is)i(an)f(extension)h(to)f(F)l (ortran)f(77)h(that)f(includes)k(most)c(VMS)i(extensions,)f(an)209 266 y(8x)g(in)o(trinsic)i(function)f(library)l(,)g(and)f(in)o(terlanguage)h (comm)o(unication)g(supp)q(ort.)209 351 y(Application)22 b(soft)o(w)o(are)c 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y(v)o(ector)15 b(pre-pro)q(cessor.)209 1046 y Fi(Status:)k Fk(The)12 b(Gould)g(NP1)g(w)o(as)f(launc)o(hed)i(in)g (Marc)o(h)e(1987,)g(and)h(the)g(\014rst)f(NP1)h(w)o(as)e(deliv)o(ered)209 1112 y(to)16 b(Purdue)h(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)h(in)f(June.)25 b(The)17 b(\014rst)f(UK)i(order)e(from)g(a)g(ma)s(jor)f(aerospace)i(compan)o(y)209 1179 y(has)e(just)h(b)q(een)g(receiv)o(ed.)22 b(The)16 b(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)g (of)f(Bath)h(has)f(placed)i(an)e(order)h(for)e(a)i(3-pro)q(cessor)209 1245 y(system)10 b(to)g(pro)o(vide)i(cen)o(tral)f(teac)o(hing)g(and)g (researc)o(h)f(facilities.)21 b(The)11 b(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)g(of)f(Edin)o (burgh)209 1312 y(has)17 b(also)g(installed)i(a)e(single-pro)q(cessor)i (system.)25 b(The)17 b(cost)g(v)m(aries)h(from)e(around)i($250K)e(for)209 1378 y(a)g(single)i(CPU)e(system)g(to)f($1.8M)g(for)h(a)g(fully)h (con\014gured)g(4)f(CPU)g(system)g(with)h(1)f(Gb)o(yte)g(of)209 1444 y(memory)l(.)209 1559 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 1682 y Fk(Gould)g(Inc.)209 1748 y(Computer)f(Systems)g(Division)209 1815 y(15378)f(Av)o(en)o(ue)i(of)e (Science)209 1881 y(San)h(Diego,)g(Calif.)21 b(92128-3407)209 1978 y(Northern)15 b(Headquarters)209 2044 y(Regen)o(t)h(House)209 2110 y(Heaton)f(Lane)209 2177 y(Sto)q(c)o(kp)q(ort)g(Cheshire)h(SK4)g(1BS)209 2243 y(England)209 2310 y(061-480-0907)209 2406 y(Graeme)f(Bo)o(ydell)973 2827 y(74)p eop %%Page: 75 77 76 bop 209 199 a Fi(Hitac)o(hi)19 b(S-810)f(and)g(S-820)209 284 y(V)l(ector)f(Register)h(Arc)o(hitecture)209 399 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)28 b Fk(The)19 b(S-810)g(comes)g(in)h(three)g(mo)q(dels:)29 b(the)19 b(S-810/5,)g(the)g(S-810/10,)g(and)209 466 y(S-810/20)g(\(not)g(a)o(v)m (ailable)j(in)f(the)f(United)h(States,)g(only)f(for)g(the)g(Japanese)h(mark)o (et\).)33 b(The)209 532 y(S-820)15 b(comes)h(in)h(t)o(w)o(o)d(mo)q(dels:)22 b(the)16 b(S-820/60)e(and)i(the)g(S-820/80.)k(These)c(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(a)o(v) m(ailable)209 599 y(outside)f(Japan.)209 714 y(Hitac)o(hi's)d(approac)o(h)g (has)g(b)q(een)h(to)e(emplo)o(y)h(indep)q(enden)o(t)i(scalar)e(and)g(v)o (ector)f(pro)q(cessors.)19 b(The)209 780 y(S-810/20)10 b(relies)j(on)f(their) g(curren)o(t)f(top-of-the-line)i(mainframe)f(\(the)f(M280H\))f(for)h(their)h (scalar)209 847 y(pro)q(cessor,)17 b(with)h(a)f(cycle)h(time)g(of)f(28)f (nsec,)i(and)g(runs)f(the)h(complete)f(IBM)h(370)e(instruction)209 913 y(set.)27 b(The)18 b(v)o(ector)f(unit)h(w)o(as)f(designed)i(with)f(a)f (cycle)i(time)f(of)f(14)g(nsec.)28 b(The)18 b(main)g(memory)209 979 y(capacit)o(y)d(of)g(the)g(S-810/20)f(is)i(256)e(Mw)o(ords.)209 1095 y(The)c(mo)q(del)i(20)d(has)h(four)g(\015oating-p)q(oin)o(t)h (add/logical)g(units)g(and)f(eigh)o(t)g(com)o(bination)h(m)o(ultiply/divide)q (-)209 1161 y(add)19 b(units.)32 b(In)20 b(addition,)h(there)e(are)g(t)o(w)o (o)e(load)j(pip)q(es)g(and)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(load/store)g(pip)q(es)j(to/from)209 1227 y(memory)l(,)15 b(eac)o(h)g(capable)h(of)f(loads/stores)f(at)h(a)g(rate) 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y(5nsec/m)e(to)e(3.8)h(nsec/m.)19 b(The)14 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(pip) q(es)i(has)f(b)q(een)g(increased)h(to)e(18)g(\(4)g(add/logical,)209 1923 y(4)i(m)o(ultiply/add,)h(1)f(divide,)i(1)e(mask,)f(4)h(load,)g(and)h(4)e (load/store\))h(on)g(the)g(mo)q(del)h(80.)k(On)15 b(the)209 1989 y(60)e(all)h(sets)e(of)h(4)g(pip)q(es)h(are)f(reduced)h(to)f(2.)19 b(There)13 b(are)g(512)f(32)h(\(64-bit\))f(w)o(ord)g(v)o(ector)h(registers.) 209 2104 y Fi(Con\014guration:)22 b Fk(A)15 b(memory)g(of)g(512)g(Mb)o(ytes)g (is)h(a)o(v)m(ailable,)h(and)f(an)f(expanded)i(memory)e(of)209 2170 y(up)i(to)f(12)g(Gb)o(ytes)g(with)h(a)g(transfer)e(rate)h(of)h(2)f(Gb)o (ytes/sec)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(supplied.)27 b(There)17 b(are)f(64)209 2237 y(I/O)g(c)o(hannels,)g(rated)f(at)f(6)h(Mb)o(ytes/sec)g(for)f(an)h(o)o (v)o(erall)h(transfer)e(rate)h(of)f(288)h(Mb)o(ytes/sec.)209 2352 y(All)i(mac)o(hines)f(are)e(air)i(co)q(oled.)209 2467 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)j Fk(The)d(scalar)g(sp)q(eed)h(of)e(the)h(Hitac)o(hi)g 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y(The)e(curren)o(t)h(mo)q(dels)f(su\016xed)h(b)o(y)f(S,)g(as)g(in)h (600-S,)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(a)g(cycle)h(time)g(of)e(15)h(-)g(18.5)f(nsec.)20 b(All)209 706 y(mac)o(hines)12 b(are)f(constructed)h(using)g(TCM)f(\(thermal) g(conduction)i(mo)q(dule\))f(circuitry)l(.)20 b(Memory)209 772 y(is)c(organized)f(in)i(w)o(afers,)c(eac)o(h)j(con)o(taining)g(110)e(1)h (Mbit)g(c)o(hips.)209 885 y(3090)g(Mo)q(del)h(120S)f(is)h(a)f(unipro)q (cessor)i(with)f(18.5)e(nsec)j(mac)o(hine)f(cycle,)h(up)f(to)f(64)g(Mb)o (ytes)g(of)209 951 y(cen)o(tral)g(memory)l(,)g(and)g(up)h(to)f(256)f(Mb)o (ytes)g(of)h(expanded)i(storage.)209 1063 y(3090)c(Mo)q(del)i(150S)e(is)i(a)f (unipro)q(cessor)h(with)f(17.75)f(nsec)i(mac)o(hine)g(cycle,)g(up)f(to)g(64)f (Mb)o(ytes)h(of)209 1130 y(cen)o(tral)h(memory)l(,)g(and)g(up)h(to)f(256)f (Mb)o(ytes)g(of)h(expanded)i(storage.)209 1242 y(3090)e(Mo)q(del)j(180S)d(is) i(a)g(unipro)q(cessor)g(with)g(15)f(nsec)h(mac)o(hine)g(cycle,)h(up)e(to)g (128)g(Mb)o(ytes)g(of)209 1309 y(cen)o(tral)e(memory)l(,)g(and)g(up)h(to)e (256)g(Mb)o(ytes)h(of)g(expanded)h(storage.)j(32)13 b(Mb)o(ytes)h(or)f(64)h (Mb)o(ytes)209 1375 y(of)h(cen)o(tral)g(memory)g(and)g(64)g(up)h(to)e(256)g (Mb)o(ytes)h(of)g(expanded)h(storage)209 1488 y(3090)i(Mo)q(del)i(200S)f(is)h (a)f(dy)o(adic)h(pro)q(cessor)g(with)f(15)g(nsec)h(mac)o(hine)g(cycle,)h(256) e(Mb)o(ytes)g(of)209 1554 y(cen)o(tral)c(storage,)f(and)h(up)h(to)f(1024)f (Mb)o(ytes)g(of)h(expanded)h(storage.)209 1666 y(3090)h(Mo)q(del)i(250S)e(is) i(a)e(t)o(w)o(o-w)o(a)o(y)f(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor)j(with)f(17.75)f(nsec)h(mac) o(hine)h(cycle,)h(up)e(to)209 1733 y(128)c(Mb)o(ytes)h(of)g(cen)o(tral)g (storage,)f(and)h(up)h(to)e(512)h(Mb)o(ytes)f(expanded)j(storage.)209 1845 y(Mo)q(del)c(280S)e(is)i(a)f(t)o(w)o(o-w)o(a)o(y)e(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor) j(with)f(15)f(nsec)i(mac)o(hine)g(cycle,)h(up)e(to)g(256)f(Mb)o(ytes)209 1912 y(of)k(cen)o(tral)g(storage,)f(and)h(up)h(to)e(512)h(Mb)o(ytes)f(of)h (expanded)h(storage.)209 2024 y(3090)10 b(Mo)q(del)h(300S)f(is)h(a)g(three-w) o(a)o(y)f(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor)h(with)g(15)f(nsec)h(mac)o(hine)h(cycle,)g (256)e(Mb)o(ytes)209 2091 y(of)15 b(cen)o(tral)g(storage,)f(and)h(up)h(to)e (1024)g(Mb)o(ytes)h(of)g(expanded)h(storage.)209 2203 y(3090)11 b(Mo)q(del)i(400S)f(is)h(a)f(four-w)o(a)o(y)f(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor)i(with)g (15)f(nsec)h(mac)o(hine)g(cycle,)g(512)f(Mb)o(ytes)209 2269 y(of)j(cen)o(tral)g(storage,)f(and)h(up)h(to)e(2)h(Gb)o(ytes)g(of)g(expanded) h(storage.)209 2382 y(3090)d(Mo)q(del)i(600S)f(is)h(a)f(six-w)o(a)o(y)g(m)o (ultipro)q(cessor)h(with)f(15)g(nsec)h(mac)o(hine)g(cycle,)g(512)f(Mb)o(ytes) 209 2448 y(of)h(cen)o(tral)g(storage,)f(and)h(up)h(to)e(2)h(Gb)o(ytes)g(of)g (expanded)h(storage.)209 2561 y(All)j(3090)d(15)h(nsec)h(mo)q(dels)h(ha)o(v)o (e)e(a)g(high-sp)q(eed)j(cac)o(he)e(of)f(128)g(Kb)o(ytes)g(p)q(er)h(pro)q (cessor.)27 b(The)209 2627 y(cac)o(he)19 b(is)h(system)f(con)o(trolled.)32 b(The)19 b(120,)g(150,)g(170,)g(and)g(250)f(mo)q(dels)i(all)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f (64)f(Kb)o(ytes)209 2694 y(cac)o(he)e(p)q(er)f(pro)q(cessor.)973 2827 y(77)p eop %%Page: 78 80 79 bop 209 199 a Fk(V)l(ector)15 b(F)l(acilit)o(y)h(\(VF\):)209 334 y(Optional)h(feature)d(to)h(all)h(3090)e(mo)q(dels.)209 400 y(Pip)q(elined)19 b(v)o(ector)14 b(pro)q(cessor)h(with)h(v)o(ector)e (registers.)209 467 y(Eac)o(h)h(VF)g(has)g(8)g(v)o(ector)f(\015oating-p)q (oin)o(t)i(registers)f(for)g(128)f(64-bit)i(elemen)o(ts)209 533 y(or)f(16)f(v)o(ector)h(\015oating-p)q(oin)o(t)h(registers)f(for)f (32-bit)i(elemen)o(ts.)209 600 y(The)g(120,)e(150,)f(170,)h(and)i(250)e(mo)q (dels)i(ha)o(v)o(e)f(256)f(elemen)o(ts)i(in)g(a)f(register.)209 666 y(F)l(or)g(the)g(VF,)g(171)f(v)o(ector)g(instructions)i(are)f(added.)209 732 y(In)h(the)f(VF,)g(32-bit)g(op)q(erands)h(are)f(treated)f(as)h(64-bit)g (op)q(erands.)209 897 y(Fixed-stride)j(addressing)g(on)f(v)o(ectors)f(is)h (allo)o(w)o(ed,)h(as)e(w)o(ell)i(as)e(indirect)j(addressing)e(or)g(mask)209 963 y(con)o(trol.)209 1116 y(Mo)q(dels)f(120,)e(150,)g(170,)g(and)h(180)g (can)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(1)g(VF)f(added.)209 1182 y(Mo)q(del)i(300)e(can)i(ha)o(v) o(e)e(one,)h(t)o(w)o(o,)f(or)h(three)g(VFs)g(added.)209 1249 y(Mo)q(del)h(400)e(can)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(one,)h(t)o(w)o(o,)f(three,)h(or)g(four) f(VFs)h(added.)209 1315 y(Mo)q(del)h(500)e(can)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(one,)h(t)o(w)o (o,)f(three,)h(four,)f(or)h(\014v)o(e)g(VFs)g(added.)209 1381 y(Mo)q(del)h(600)e(can)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(one,)h(t)o(w)o(o,)f(three,)h(four,)f (or)h(six)h(VFs)e(added.)209 1534 y(ES/3090)i(S)h(mo)q(dels)h(o\013er)f(up)g (to)g(40)f(p)q(ercen)o(t)i(increased)g(n)o(umerically)h(in)o(tensiv)o(e)g (computing)209 1600 y(v)o(ector)c(p)q(erformance)h(o)o(v)o(er)f(comparable)i (ES/3090)d(E)i(mo)q(dels)h(through)e(doubling)j(the)e(v)o(ector)209 1666 y(register)c(section)g(size)h(on)f(the)f(larger)h(mo)q(dels,)h (enhancemen)o(t)f(of)g(the)g(v)o(ector)f(divide)i(instruction)209 1733 y(\(3-5)h(times\),)g(increased)i(high-sp)q(eed)h(bu\013er,)e(decreased)g 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y(supp)q(ort)g(as)f(m)o(uc)o(h)h(as)g(40)f(Gb)o(ytes)g(of)g(formatted)g (data.)18 b(The)11 b(I/O)g(facilities)i(expand)e(the)g(iPSC/2)209 2503 y(arc)o(hitecture)19 b(to)e(include)j(parallel)g(arra)o(ys)d(of)g(5)h (1/4)f(in.)30 b(Winc)o(hester)18 b(disk)h(driv)o(es,)g(or)f(other)209 2570 y(p)q(eripheral)i(devices,)g(managed)e(b)o(y)g(I/O)h(pro)q(cessing)g(no) q(des)g(whic)o(h)g(are)f(part)g(of)g(the)g(Direct-)209 2636 y(Connect)13 b(comm)o(unications)h(net)o(w)o(ork.)k(The)c(arc)o(hitecture)f (sup)q(orts)g(up)h(to)e(7)h(Winc)o(hester)h(disks)209 2702 y(for)k(eac)o(h)h(I/O)f(no)q(de,)i(connected)f(via)g(an)g(SCSI)g(bus,)g(eac)o (h)g(with)g(formatted)e(storage)g(of)h(676)973 2827 y(81)p eop %%Page: 82 84 83 bop 209 199 a Fk(Mb)o(ytes,)23 b(in)h(con\014gurations)e(n)o(um)o(b)q (ering)i(up)f(to)e(127)h(I/O)h(no)q(des.)42 b(Th)o(us,)24 b(the)e(maxim)o(um) 209 266 y(capacit)o(y)15 b(for)g(the)g(arc)o(hitecture)h(is)f(343)g(Gb)o (ytes.)209 381 y(The)23 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(cabinet)f(\(\\full-size"\))i(with)e(standard)g(19-in.)29 b(rac)o(ks,)17 b(eac)o(h)i(holding)g(up)g(to)e(16)209 961 y(disks)f(and)f(8)g(I/O)h(no)q (des.)209 1076 y Fi(Con\014guration:)k Fk(The)14 b(iPSC/2)f(includes)j(a)d (fron)o(t-end)g(System)g(Resource)i(Manager)d(\(SRM\).)209 1142 y(The)18 b(SRM)g(acts)f(as)h(a)f(gatew)o(a)o(y)f(to)i(TCP/IP)f(Ethernet) h(net)o(w)o(orks,)f(as)g(a)g(compile)j(serv)o(er)d(for)209 1209 y(remote)12 b(hosts,)f(and)i(as)f(a)f(prime)i(host)f(for)f(directly)j (connected)f(terminals.)19 b(The)13 b(SRM)f(includes)209 1275 y(an)19 b(80386/80387)c(pro)q(cessor,)k(8)g(Mb)o(ytes)f(of)g(memory)l(,)h(a)f (140)g(Mb)o(yte)g(Winc)o(hester)h(disk,)h(1.2)209 1342 y(Mb)o(yte)13 b(\015opp)o(y)l(,)h(60)f(Mb)o(yte)g(cartridge)h(tap)q(e,)f(a)h(k)o(eyb)q (oard,)f(and)h(a)f(monitor,)g(in)i(addition)f(to)f(the)209 1408 y(TCP/IP)i(Ethernet)g(connection.)209 1523 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)20 b Fk(The)15 b(op)q(erating)h(system)f(for)g(the)g(SRM)h(is)g(Unix)g(V.3,)f (and)h(the)f(message-passing)209 1589 y(op)q(erating)h(system)f(on)h(eac)o(h) f(iPSC/2)h(no)q(de)g(is)g(In)o(tel's)g(NX/2)f(no)q(de)h(executiv)o(e.)22 b(The)16 b(Concur-)209 1656 y(ren)o(t)f(File)h(System)f(is)h(co-residen)o(t)g (with)f(NX/2.)209 1771 y Fi(Languages)k(a)o(v)m(ailable:)j Fk(The)16 b(languages)g(supp)q(orted)g(b)o(y)f(In)o(tel)h(for)f(the)h(iPSC/2) f(system)g(in-)209 1837 y(clude)20 b(F)l(ortran)d(77,)h(C,)g(Common)g(Lisp,)h (and)g(Ada.)29 b(Also)19 b(a)o(v)m(ailable)h(is)f(V)-5 b(AST-2,)19 b(a)f(F)l(ortran)209 1904 y(v)o(ectorizer)i(from)e(P)o(aci\014c)i(Sierra)g (Researc)o(h)g(for)e(VX)i(systems;)g(DECON,)f(a)g(concurren)o(t)h(de-)209 1970 y(bugger)14 b(for)g(the)h(iPSC/2;)f(and)h(the)f(iPSC/2)h(Sim)o(ulator)f (\(hosted)g(on)h(an)o(y)f(Unix)h(system\).)k(The)209 2037 y(collection)d(of)d (soft)o(w)o(are)f(to)q(ols)h(is)h(part)f(of)h(the)f(Concurren)o(t)h(W)l(orkb) q(enc)o(h,)g(a)f(dev)o(elopmen)o(t)h(en)o(vi-)209 2103 y(ronmen)o(t)h(hosted) h(on)g(Sun)g(w)o(orkstations.)21 b(The)16 b(en)o(vironmen)o(t)g(supp)q(orts)g (dynamic)g(allo)q(cation)209 2170 y(of)f(sub)q(cub)q(es)i(of)e(the)g(larger)g (system,)f(as)h(w)o(ell)h(as)f(remote)g(compilation)h(and)g(loading.)209 2285 y(Indep)q(enden)o(t)e(dev)o(elop)q(ers)g(ha)o(v)o(e)d(implemen)o(ted)j (other)e(en)o(vironmen)o(ts)g(for)f(the)i(iPSC/2,)f(includ-)209 2351 y(ing)h(In)o(terw)o(ork-I)q(I,)f(a)h(discrete)g(ev)o(en)o(t)f(sim)o (ulation)h(en)o(vironmen)o(t)g(from)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(Island)g(T)l(ec)o(hnolo-) 209 2417 y(gies,)i(and)h(Strand,)f(a)f(concurren)o(t)i(logic)g(language)f (from)g(AI)g(Limited)i(in)f(England.)209 2533 y(Numerical)i(libraries)h(are)d (a)o(v)m(ailable)j(for)d(man)o(y)g(basic)i(op)q(erations)f(including)i(the)e (solution)h(of)209 2599 y(linear)d(equations)f(\(LINP)l(A)o(CK,)f(130)g (M\015ops)g(on)g(a)h(64-no)q(de)f(iPSC/2)h(VX)f(in)i(64-bit)e(precision\))209 2665 y(and)g(FFTs)f(\(276)g(M\015ops)h(for)f(a)h(1024)f(x)h(1024)f(FFT)g(on)h (the)g(same)g(mo)q(del,)h(in)f(32-bit)g(precision\).)973 2827 y(82)p eop %%Page: 83 85 84 bop 209 199 a Fk(The)16 b(p)q(eak)f(p)q(erformance)g(of)g(the)h(maxim)o (um)f(128-no)q(de)g(VX)g(con\014guration)h(is)f(2560)f(M\015ops.)209 314 y Fi(Applications:)29 b Fk(Applications)21 b(soft)o(w)o(are)d(includes)j (NEKTON)e(\(\015uid)i(dynamics)e(and)h(heat)209 381 y(transfer\),)12 b(P)l(ASSA)o(GE)h(\(\015o)o(w)e(through)i(complex)g(stationary)f(and)h (rotating)f(passages\),)g(ADDS)209 447 y(\(die)19 b(design)h(system)e(for)f (the)i(metal)f(forming)h(industry\),)g(FLO)g(87)e(\(successor)i(to)e(the)i (FLO)209 514 y(57)d(aero)q(dynamics)i(co)q(de)f(from)g(Princeton\),)g(VSAER)o (O)h(\(subsonic)f(aero)q(dynamic)h(\015o)o(w\),)e(and)209 580 y(HYPERNEWTON)h(\(molecular)h(dynamics\).)26 b(Numerous)17 b(other)f(pac)o(k)m(ages)h(are)g(in)g(dev)o(elop-)209 646 y(men)o(t,)f(and)h (man)o(y)f(non-commercial)i(applications)h(and)d(utilities)j(are)e(a)o(v)m (ailable)h(through)e(the)209 713 y(user)f(group.)209 828 y Fi(Status:)23 b Fk(Systems)17 b(are)f(o\013ered)g(in)i(t)o(w)o(o)d(sizes)i (of)g(cabinets:)23 b(16")16 b(x)g(16")g(x)h(49",)e(3.4)h(KW,)g(215)209 894 y(lb)g(\(compact\),)e(and)h(21")g(x)g(26")f(x)h(62",)f(4.6)g(KW,)h(475)g (lb)h(\(full-size\).)209 1009 y(iPSC/2)i(systems)g(are)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)i (from)d($100,000,)g(with)h(discoun)o(ts)h(a)o(v)m(ailable)h(for)e(qualifying) 209 1076 y(educational)g(establishmen)o(ts.)25 b(Sample)17 b(prices)g(for)f(some)g(iPSC/2)h(con\014gurations)g(are)f(giv)o(en)209 1142 y(in)g(the)f(follo)o(wing)h(table:)476 1263 y(System)210 b(No)q(des)133 b(Memory)15 b(p)q(er)g(no)q(de)51 b(Price)p 451 1282 1203 2 v 476 1321 a(iPSC/2)15 b(D4)133 b(16)208 b(1)15 b(Mb)o(yte)238 b($)15 b(187K)476 1378 y(iPSC/2)g(D4)133 b(16)208 b(16)15 b(Mb)o(ytes)197 b($)15 b(433K)476 1434 y(iPSC/2)g(D6)133 b(64)208 b(16)15 b(Mb)o(ytes)197 b($)15 b(1.6M)476 1491 y(iPSC/2)g(D7)133 b(128)185 b(8)15 b(Mb)o(ytes)220 b($)15 b(2.1M)476 1547 y(iPSC/2)g(SX)h(D7)58 b(128)14 b(scalar)57 b(8)15 b(Mb)o(ytes)220 b($)15 b(3.5M)476 1604 y(iPSC/2)g(VX)h(D3)49 b(8)15 b(v)o(ector)94 b(1)15 b(Mb)o(yte)238 b($)15 b(234K)476 1660 y(iPSC/2)g(VX)h(D4)49 b(16)15 b(v)o(ector)71 b(4)15 b(Mb)o(ytes)220 b($)15 b(464K)476 1717 y(iPSC/2)g(VX)h(D7)49 b(128)14 b(v)o(ector)49 b(8)15 b(Mb)o(ytes)220 b($)15 b(4.1M)797 1956 y(I/O)h(No)q(des)50 b(Disk)15 b(Capacit)o(y)190 b(Price)p 409 1974 1287 2 v 434 2014 a(Concurren)o(t)15 b(I/O)50 b(1)238 b(2)15 b(disks,)g(1.3)g(Gb)o(ytes)94 b($)15 b(61K)434 2070 y(F)l(acilities)190 b(2)238 b(4)15 b(disks,)g(2.6)g(Gb)o(ytes)94 b($)15 b(94K)797 2127 y(8)238 b(16)15 b(disks,)g(10.4)f(Gb)o(ytes)49 b($)15 b(300K)797 2183 y(32)215 b(64)15 b(disks,)g(41.6)f(Gb)o(ytes)49 b($)15 b(1.2M)209 2337 y(The)j(V)-5 b(AST-2)17 b(v)o(ectorizer)h(is)g(priced) h(at)d($10K,)h(Lisp)i(v)m(aries)f(from)e($10K)h(to)g($30K,)g(and)g(Ada)209 2403 y(from)e($15K)f(to)h($60K.)f(The)i(iPSC)f(sim)o(ulator)g(is)h($395.)209 2518 y(The)h(\014rst)g(deliv)o(eries)i(of)d(the)h(iPSC/1)g(w)o(ere)g(made)g (in)h(July)g(1985;)e(the)h(\014rst)g(deliv)o(eries)i(of)d(the)209 2585 y(iPSC/2)f(w)o(ere)h(made)f(in)h(Decem)o(b)q(er)g(1987;)e(the)h(\014rst) g(deliv)o(eries)j(of)c(Concurren)o(t)h(I/O)h(facilities)209 2651 y(w)o(ere)f(made)g(in)h(Septem)o(b)q(er)g(1988.)973 2827 y(83)p eop %%Page: 84 86 85 bop 209 199 a Fk(Ov)o(er)15 b(134)g(iPSC)g(systems)g(w)o(ere)g(installed)i (w)o(orldwide)f(as)f(of)g(Octob)q(er)g(1988.)209 314 y(Curren)o(t)d(researc)o (h)h(en)o(vironmen)o(ts)f(using)i(iPSC/2)e(systems)h(include)i(Oak)d(Ridge,)i (MIT,)e(SER)o(C)209 381 y(\(England\),)k(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)g(of)f(Wisconsin,)i (Y)l(ale,)f(Cornell,)g(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)g(of)f(Illinois,)k(SUNY,)c(BRI)209 447 y(\(Canada\),)f(ONERA)i(\(F)l(rance\))e(and)i(GMD)e(\(German)o(y\).)209 532 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 655 y Fk(In)o(tel)i(Scien)o(ti\014c)h(Computers)209 721 y(15201)d(NW)h(Green)o(briar)g(PW)209 788 y(Bea)o(v)o(erton,)f(Oregon)h (97006)209 854 y(503-629-7600)e(F)-5 b(AX)15 b(503-629-9147)209 950 y(Applications)i(T)l(ec)o(hnology:)k(Da)o(vid)15 b(Scott)209 1017 y(Mark)o(eting)g(Manager:)k(Charlie)d(Bishop)209 1113 y(EUR)o(OPE)209 1210 y(In)o(tel)g(Scien)o(ti\014c)h(Computers)209 1276 y(In)o(tel)f(Corp)q(oration)f(\(UK\))g(Ltd)209 1343 y(Pip)q(ers)h(W)l(a) o(y)209 1409 y(Swindon)g(SN3)g(1RJ)209 1475 y(England)209 1542 y(0793-696578)d(T)l(elex)j(444447/8)d(F)-5 b(AX)15 b(0793-641440)209 1638 y(Europ)q(ean)h(Manager:)j(Da)o(vid)c(Mo)q(o)q(dy)209 1705 y(Applications)i(Engineer:)k(Ric)o(hard)16 b(Cham)o(b)q(erlain)973 2827 y(84)p eop %%Page: 85 87 86 bop 209 199 a Fi(In)o(ternational)19 b(P)o(arallel)g(Mac)o(hines)e(Inc.)23 b(\(IP-1\))209 284 y(P)o(arallel)c(Cross-Bar)d(Arc)o(hitecture)209 399 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)24 b Fk(The)18 b(IP-1)f(has)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(1)f (and)h(33)e(proprietary)i(MOS)f(tec)o(hnology)h(CPUs)209 466 y(whic)o(h)13 b(ha)o(v)o(e)f(access)g(to)f(a)h(common)g(memory)f(through)h 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b(are)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)j(with)e(from)f(170)f(Mb)o (ytes)h(to)g(11)g(Gb)o(ytes)g(of)h(disk)209 1112 y(space.)209 1227 y Fi(Con\014guration:)28 b Fk(I/O)20 b(is)f(handled)h(async)o(hronously) g(from)e(the)h(CPUs.)30 b(There)19 b(can)g(b)q(e)h(up)209 1294 y(to)c(52)h(I/O)g(p)q(orts.)25 b(The)17 b(IP-1)h(can)f(b)q(e)g(used)h(in)g (stand-alone)f(mo)q(de)h(but)f(can)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(fron)o(t-end)209 1360 y(mac)o(hines,)h(for)e(example)i(a)f(V)-5 b(AX)16 b(or)f(a)h(Sun.)23 b(Other)16 b(equipmen)o(t)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(in)o(terfaced)g(through)209 1427 y(standard)k(VMEbus)h(connections,)i(including)h(an)o(y)c(UNIX-based)i (w)o(orkstations)e(or)g(Prolog)209 1493 y(or)f(Lisp)h(based)f(sym)o(b)q(olic) h(pro)q(cessing)g(w)o(orkstations.)33 b(P)o(eripherals)21 b(include)h (1/2-inc)o(h)e(tap)q(e)209 1559 y(driv)o(es,)i(m)o(ultiple)h(disk)e(driv)o (es)g(running)h(in)f(parallel,)i(plotters)e(and)g(prin)o(ters,)g(and)g(a)g (close-)209 1626 y(coupled)f(high-sp)q(eed)g(comm)o(unication)e(in)o(terface) h(to)e(other)h(CPUs.)28 b(Ethernet)18 b(\(TCP/IP\))f(is)209 1692 y(supp)q(orted.)209 1807 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)23 b Fk(The)17 b(op)q(erating)h(system)f(is)g(compatible)i(with)e(UNIX)h(System)f(V.3,)g (supp)q(orting)209 1874 y(up)c(to)f(64)g(users,)g(with)h(real-time)g (extensions)g(a)o(v)m(ailable.)21 b(There)13 b(is)g(a)f(C-callable)i (parallel)g(math)209 1940 y(routine)i(library)l(,)g(v)o(ectorizing)g(C)g(and) f(F)l(ortran)g(77)f(compilers,)j(and)e(an)h(IP-1)f(virtual)i(mac)o(hine)209 2007 y(pac)o(k)m(age)e(for)g(soft)o(w)o(are)e(dev)o(elop)q(ers.)209 2122 y Fi(Applications:)19 b Fk(Applications)12 b(soft)o(w)o(are)d(includes)j (to)q(ols)e(for)g(database)f(managemen)o(t,)h(prin)o(ted)209 2188 y(circuit)22 b(b)q(oard)e(la)o(y)o(out,)g(oil)h(reserv)o(oir)f(sim)o (ulation,)i(seismic)f(data)f(analysis,)i(c)o(hemical)f(mo)q(d-)209 2255 y(elling,)e(computational)d(\015uid)i(dynamics,)f(aerospace)g(sim)o (ulations,)g(and)g(structural)f(analysis.)209 2321 y(In)o(ternational)i(P)o (arallel)g(Mac)o(hines)g(also)f(sp)q(ecialize)i(in)f(turnk)o(ey)f(systems)g (and)g(will)i(p)q(ort)e(an)o(y)209 2387 y(serious)f(application)h(dep)q (ending)g(on)e(mark)o(et)f(p)q(oten)o(tial.)209 2503 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)27 b Fk(P)o(eak)20 b(p)q(erformance)g(of)f(the)h(9-pro)q(cessor)f(system)g(is)i (150)d(M\015ops)i(double-)209 2569 y(precision)e(IEEE,)f(while)g(that)f(of)g (the)h(33)f(CPU)g(mac)o(hine)i(is)f(just)f(under)h(600)f(M\015ops)g(double-) 209 2635 y(precision)h(IEEE.)973 2827 y(85)p eop %%Page: 86 88 87 bop 209 199 a Fi(Status:)28 b Fk(The)19 b(IP-1-9)g(system)f(\(with)h(9)f (CPUs\))g(costs)h($220,000)d(with)j(p)q(eak)g(p)q(erformances)209 266 y(of)d(100)f(mips)h(and)g(150)f(M\015ops.)22 b(The)16 b(en)o(try)g(lev)o (el)h(IP-1-1,)e(rated)h(at)f(8)h(mips/16)f(M\015ops,)h(in)h(a)209 332 y(cabinet)e(with)g(a)f(21)f(slot)h(Euro)q(cage,)g(8)g(Mb)o(ytes)g(memory) l(,)f(a)h(128)g(Kb)o(yte)g(W)o(CS,)f(a)h(\(formatted\))209 399 y(170)20 b(Mb)o(yte)h(disk,)h(1)f(CR)l(T,)g(IPOS,)g(and)g(C)g(compiler,)i (costs)d($49,000.)35 b(The)21 b(33)g(CPU)f(264)209 465 y(mips/528)15 b(M\015ops)g(IP-1-33,)f(with)i(264)e(Mb)o(ytes)h(of)g(memory)f(costs)h(just)g (under)h($1M.)209 580 y(The)h(dimensions)i(of)e(the)g(standard)f(9-pro)q (cessor)h(con\014guration)g(are)g(49")f(x)h(20")g(x)g(22".)24 b(The)209 646 y(w)o(eigh)o(t)15 b(is)h(200)e(lb,)i(and)f(the)g(p)q(o)o(w)o (er)g(consumption)h(a)f(little)i(o)o(v)o(er)d(1)h(KW.)209 762 y(The)g(\014rst)g(mac)o(hine)h(w)o(as)e(deliv)o(ered)j(in)e(Octob)q(er)h (1985.)i(Man)o(y)d(sales)g(through)g(m)o(ultiple)h(OEM)209 828 y(con)o(tracts.)209 943 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 1066 y Fk(T)l(ec)o(hnical:) 209 1132 y(Dr.)j(Robin)e(Chang)209 1198 y(Presiden)o(t)209 1265 y(In)o(ternational)f(P)o(arallel)g(Mac)o(hines,)g(Inc.)209 1331 y(700)e(Pleasan)o(t)h(Street)209 1398 y(New)g(Bedford,)g(MA)g(02740)209 1464 y(508-990-2977;)d(T)l(elex)17 b(888648)209 1560 y(Sales:)209 1627 y(Rob)q(ert)f(E.)e(Hydrisk)o(o)209 1693 y(Strategic)h(Mark)o(ets)f (Director)209 1760 y(In)o(ternational)i(P)o(arallel)g(Mac)o(hines)g(Inc.)209 1826 y(700)e(Pleasan)o(t)h(St.)209 1893 y(New)g(Bedford,)g(MA)g(02740)209 1959 y(508-990-2772;)d(F)l(ax:)20 b(508-9966726)973 2827 y(86)p eop %%Page: 87 89 88 bop 209 199 a Fi(Isis)209 314 y Fk(The)16 b(compan)o(y)e(is)i(no)f(longer) h(mark)o(eting)f(this)g(pro)q(duct.)209 429 y Fi(Pip)q(elined)k(v)o(ector)e (pro)q(cessor)g(with)h(m)o(ultiple)g(pro)q(cessing)g(elemen)o(ts)209 545 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)25 b Fk(The)18 b(Isis)h(sup)q(ercalculateur)h(w)o(as)e (designed)h(after)e(an)h(extensiv)o(e)h(surv)o(ey)f(of)209 611 y(F)l(renc)o(h)k(computational)f(scien)o(tists)h(to)f(ascertain)g(their)h (principal)i(requiremen)o(ts)d(for)g(a)g(su-)209 677 y(p)q(ercomputer.)32 b(Although)20 b(constructed)f(and)h(mark)o(eted)e(b)o(y)h(the)g(Bull)i (compan)o(y)l(,)f(it)f(can)h(b)q(e)209 744 y(though)o(t)15 b(of)f(as)h(a)g(F)l(renc)o(h)h(national)f(pro)s(ject.)209 859 y(RISC)h(arc)o(hitecture.)209 974 y(Cen)o(tral)i(pro)q(cessing)g(unit)h (consisting)g(of)e(four)h(indep)q(enden)o(t)i(scalar)e(elemen)o(ts)g (connected)h(to)209 1040 y(one)14 b(v)o(ector)f(unit.)20 b(Eac)o(h)14 b(scalar)g(pro)q(cessor)f(has)h(its)g(o)o(wn)f(units)i(for)e(\015oating-p)q (oin)o(t)h(and)g(in)o(teger)209 1107 y(op)q(erations,)h(256)f(general)i (registers)f(with)g(three)h(sim)o(ultaneous)g(accesses)f(and)g(a)g(cac)o(he)h (of)e(256)209 1173 y(instructions)k(to)e(handle)h(branc)o(h)g(conditions.)26 b(The)16 b(cycle)i(time)f(for)f(these)h(scalar)g(units)g(is)g(15)209 1240 y(nsec,)e(and)g(they)g(are)f(rated)g(at)g(33)g(mips.)20 b(The)15 b(scalar)g(unit)g(can)g(initiate)h(\(or)e(spa)o(wn)g(o\013)t(\))f (tasks)209 1306 y(to)i(the)g(v)o(ector)f(unit.)209 1421 y(There)19 b(are)f(8)f(to)h(32)g(elemen)o(tary)g(pro)q(cessors,)g(whic)o(h)i(can)e (function)h(sim)o(ultaneously)l(,)h(in)f(the)209 1488 y(v)o(ector)11 b(unit.)19 b(Elemen)o(ts)12 b(of)g(a)f(v)o(ector)g(are)g(normally)h(\(and)g 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Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)21 b Fk(Own)c(v)o(ersion)f(of)g(UNIX.)h (Batc)o(h)f(orien)o(ted,)g(Math)g(library)h(under)g(dev)o(elopmen)o(t.)209 266 y(BLAS,)f(IMSL,)f(and)h(NA)o(G)e(are)h(a)o(v)m(ailable.)209 381 y Fi(Languages:)21 b Fk(F)l(ortran)14 b(8x,)h(Assem)o(bler.)20 b(P)o(aci\014c)c(Sierra)f(V)-5 b(AST-2)16 b(is)f(a)o(v)m(ailable.)209 496 y Fi(Applications:)26 b Fk(Principal)19 b(applications)g(co)o(v)o(ered)f (b)o(y)f(the)g(surv)o(ey)g(included)j(\014nite-elemen)o(t)209 562 y(tec)o(hniques,)13 b(\014nite-di\013erence)g(metho)q(ds,)f(sp)q(ectral)g (metho)q(ds,)g(and)f(Mon)o(te)f(Carlo)h(calculations.)209 677 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 800 y Fk(Claude)16 b(Timsit)209 866 y(Bull)h(DR)l(TG)209 933 y(Rue)f(Jean)g(Jaures)209 999 y(78340)e(Les)i(Cla)o(y)o(es-sous-Bois)209 1066 y(F)l(rance)973 2827 y(88)p eop %%Page: 89 91 90 bop 209 199 a Fi(Kendell)19 b(Square)e(Researc)o(h)209 284 y(Shared)h(Memory)d(P)o(arallel)k(Pro)q(cessor)209 399 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)i Fk(The)16 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(ords/sec)f(48-bit)h(time)g(m)o(utliplex)i(bus.)k(This)14 b(bus,)209 592 y(the)f(MUXbus,)g(is)g(used)g(to)f(broadcast)g(data\015o)o(w)g(tok)o(ens) g(that)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(16)g(bits)h(of)f(tag)g(and)h(32)f(bits)209 658 y(of)h(data.)19 b(The)14 b(pro)q(cessing)g(subsystem)f(for)g(data)g (manipulation)i(and)f(compression)g(consists)g(of)209 725 y(from)h(1)f(to)h (64)g(Field)h(Programmable)f(Pro)q(cessors)f(\(FPPs\).)209 807 y(Eac)o(h)e(single-card)h(FPP)f(includes)i(.25)d(Mb)o(ytes)h(of)f(data)h (memory)f(and)h(.25)f(Mb)o(ytes)h(of)f(program)209 873 y(memory)l(.)19 b(Eac)o(h)14 b(FPP)g(has)g(a)g(throughput)g(of)f(appro)o(ximately)i(738K)e (parameters)h(p)q(er)g(second.)209 985 y Fi(Con\014guration:)25 b Fk(Real-time)19 b(I/O)f(con)o(trollers)g(\(e.g.,)e(telemetry)l(,)i (analogue)g(to)e(digital)j(con-)209 1051 y(v)o(erters,)g(MIL-STD-1553)f(and)h (RS232)g(serial)h(data,)e(disk,)i(and)f(tap)q(e\))g(share)g(the)g(data)f (\015o)o(w)209 1118 y(bus)e(with)f(the)h(parallel)g(pro)q(cessors.)209 1199 y(The)c(System)f(500)g(is)h(connected)g(to)f(color)g(graphics)h(w)o (orkstations)e(b)o(y)i(a)f(10)g(Mbit/sec)g(Ethernet)209 1266 y(net)o(w)o(ork)j(for)h(command,)f(con)o(trol,)h(and)g(displa)o(y)l(.)209 1377 y Fi(Applications:)27 b Fk(A)18 b(full)i(complemen)o(t)e(of)g(standard)f (telemetry)h(pro)q(cessing)h(algorithms,)f(in-)209 1444 y(cluding)e(bit)e (matc)o(hing,)f(engineering)j(unit)e(con)o(v)o(ersion,)g(fast)f(F)l(ourier)h (transforms,)e(and)i(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)209 1510 y(sp)q(ectral)i(densit)o(y)g(is) f(a)o(v)m(ailable.)209 1592 y(Applications)21 b(program)d(dev)o(elopmen)o(t)i (and)f(system)g(con)o(trol)g(is)g(through)g(an)g(Ethernet)g(link)209 1658 y(attac)o(hed)c(to)f(a)h(V)-5 b(AX)16 b(station)e(2000)g(under)i(Ultrix) g(and)g(an)f(X)g(Windo)o(w)g(System.)209 1770 y Fi(Languages:)31 b Fk(FPP)19 b(programs)g(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)i(dev)o(elop)q(ed)g(in)g(F)l(ortran)e (77,)h(C,)f(or)h(Assem)o(bler)g(on)209 1837 y(the)14 b(V)-5 b(AX)14 b(and)g(do)o(wnloaded)h(to)e(the)h(FPPs.)19 b(P)o(arallelizing,)d(v)o (ectorization,)e(and)g(optimization)209 1903 y(tec)o(hniques)h(are)d(used)i (b)o(y)f(the)h(compilers,)g(and)g(there)f(are)g(utilities)i(including)h(link) o(ers,)e(loaders,)209 1969 y(debugging)i(to)q(ols,)f(and)g(sim)o(ulators.)20 b(Hea)o(vy)15 b(use)h(of)e(c)o(haining)j(is)f(made)f(b)o(y)g(the)g (compilers.)209 2081 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)21 b Fk(Eac)o(h)16 b(FPP)g(is)h(based)g(on)f(a)g(W)l(eitek)h(XL)g(n)o(umerical)h(pro)q(cessor)e (with)h(a)f(rat-)209 2147 y(ing)22 b(of)e(8)g(mips)i(and)f(20)f(M\015ops.)37 b(The)21 b(p)q(erformance)g(on)f(the)h(single-precisi)q(on)i(LINP)l(A)o(CK) 209 2214 y(b)q(enc)o(hmark)16 b(on)f(a)g(single)h(FPP)f(is)h(1.5)e(M\015ops.) 209 2296 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 2398 y Fk(Loral)i(Instrumen)o(tation)209 2464 y(8401)e(Aero)h(Driv)o(e)209 2531 y(San)g(Diego,)g(CA)g(92123-1720)209 2597 y(619-560-5888)e(T)l(elex)j(695222)209 2694 y(P)o(aul)g(J.)f(F)l (riedman)g(-)h(mark)o(eting)f(manager)973 2827 y(90)p eop %%Page: 91 93 92 bop 209 199 a Fi(MEIK)o(O)209 284 y(P)o(arallel)19 b(MIMD)d(Arc)o (hitecture)209 399 y Fk(Meik)o(o)i(w)o(as)f(founded)h(in)h(1985)e(to)g (exploit)h(the)g(a)o(v)m(ailabilit)o(y)i(of)e(lo)o(w-cost,)f(high-p)q (erformance)209 466 y(micropro)q(cessors)f(to)f(build)i(parallel)h (computers.)j(Its)15 b(\014rst)h(pro)q(duct,)f(\\The)h(Computing)g(Sur-)209 532 y(face,")i(is)h(a)f(\015exible)i(parallel)g(computer)e(based)g(on)g(the)h (Inmos)f(transputer.)28 b(The)19 b(compan)o(y)209 599 y(founders)d(include)h (those)e(originally)i(resp)q(onsible)g(for)e(transputer)f(implemen)o(tation)j (at)d(Inmos)209 665 y(with)k(com)o(bined)g(exp)q(ertise)h(in)f(VLSI)g(pro)q (cessor)g(design,)g(system)f(design,)i(compiler)f(writing,)209 732 y(and)d(application)i(programming.)209 847 y Fi(Arc)o(hitecture:)i Fk(The)14 b(Computing)h(Surface)f(is)h(an)f(MIMD)g(parallel)h(pro)q(cessor.) 20 b(The)14 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)209 913 y(of)g(pro)q(cessors)h(in)h(a)e(system) h(is)g(v)m(ariable,)h(with)f(no)g(upp)q(er)g(limit.)22 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1928 y(quires)k(the)g(use)f(of)g(a)g(patc)o(h)g(panel)i(to)e(wire)g(up)h (con\014guration.)36 b(Electronic)21 b(con\014guration)209 1995 y(establishes)f(required)g(connectivit)o(y)f(for)f(a)g(giv)o(en)h (program)f(automatically)l(.)30 b(F)l(our)18 b(p)q(oin)o(t-to-)209 2061 y(p)q(oin)o(t)g(links)g(p)q(er)g(pro)q(cessor)f(allo)o(w)g(v)m(arious)h (top)q(ologies)f(suc)o(h)h(as)e(rings,)i(grids,)f(lo)o(w-order)g(h)o(y-)209 2128 y(p)q(ercub)q(es,)h(and)f(pip)q(elines)i(to)d(b)q(e)h(constructed.)24 b(Micro)q(co)q(ded)17 b(comm)o(unications)g(instructions)209 2194 y(in)f(the)f(pro)q(cessor)g(giv)o(e)h(v)o(ery)f(lo)o(w)g(set-up)g(costs) g(for)g(message)f(transfers.)209 2309 y(Comm)o(unication)i(p)q(erformance)f (is)h(as)f(follo)o(ws:)521 2475 y(Baud)g(rate)50 b(10)14 b(Mbits/s,)h(20)f (Mbits/s)521 2532 y(Data)g(rate)57 b(2.8)14 b(Mb)o(ytes/s)g(full)j(duplex)770 2588 y(1.7)d(Mb)o(ytes/s)g(unidirectional)k(\(20)c(Mbits/s\))973 2827 y(91)p eop %%Page: 92 94 93 bop 209 199 a Fi(Con\014guration:)30 b Fk(Mac)o(hine)21 b(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)h(hosted)g(from)f(V)-5 b(AX,)20 b(microV)-5 b(AX,)20 b(Sun)g(w)o(orkstation,)209 266 y(or)h(IBM)g(PC.)f(Self-hosted)i (systems)f(are)g(also)g(a)o(v)m(ailable.)39 b(Basic)21 b(system)g(has)g(dual) g(RS232)209 332 y(lines)h(plus)f(GPIB)g(in)o(terface)f(as)g(standard.)35 b(Additional)22 b(p)q(eripherals)g(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)i(added)g(with)209 399 y(appropriate)h(con)o(troller)g(b)q(oards.)40 b(Con)o(troller)22 b(b)q(oards)g(share)f(common)h(arc)o(hitecture)g(with)209 465 y(compute)15 b(no)q(des)h(and)g(use)f(same)g(pro)q(cessor.)209 580 y(Av)m(ailable)j(b)q(oards:)428 737 y(Mass)c(store)143 b(4)15 b(Mb)o(ytes/s)f(DMA)h(SCSI)h(in)o(terface,)f(T800)783 794 y(or)g(T414)f(pro)q(cessor,)h(8)f(Mb)o(ytes)h(RAM.)g(Allo)o(ws)783 850 y(an)o(y)g(SCSI)h(p)q(eripheral)h(to)e(b)q(e)g(connected.)783 907 y(Range)h(of)e(SCSI)i(devices)h(a)o(v)m(ailable)g(includes)783 963 y(disk)f(driv)o(es)g(up)f(to)g(600)f(Mb)o(yte)h(capacit)o(y)g(and)783 1019 y(v)m(arious)h(tap)q(e)f(and)g(cartridge)h(driv)o(es.)428 1076 y(Graphics)178 b(Programmable)15 b(graphics)g(con)o(troller.)783 1132 y(Supp)q(orts)h(v)m(arious)f(screen)h(formats.)783 1189 y(Maxim)o(um)f(pixel)i(rate)d(110)h(MHz.)20 b(P)l(AL/NTSC)783 1245 y(broadcast)15 b(qualit)o(y)g(graphics)h(a)o(v)m(ailable.)783 1302 y(2)f(Mb)o(yte)g(video)h(memory)l(,)e(con\014gurable)i(as)f(8)783 1358 y(or)g(24)f(bits)i(p)q(er)g(pixel.)21 b(T800,)14 b(T414)g(lo)q(cal)783 1415 y(pro)q(cessor.)20 b(4)15 b(Mb)o(ytes)f(lo)q(cal)j(memory)l(.)428 1471 y(F)l(rame)d(Grabb)q(er)50 b(1)15 b(Mb)o(yte)g(dual)h(p)q(orted)f(frame) g(store.)k(Inputs)783 1528 y(R)o(GB/mono)q(c)o(hrome.)g(Sample)d(rate)f(up)h (to)783 1584 y(80)f(MHz,)f(line)j(rate)e(up)g(to)g(70)g(kHz.)20 b(Lo)q(cal)783 1640 y(T800,)14 b(T414)g(pro)q(cessor.)428 1697 y(Data)g(P)o(ort)153 b(T800)14 b(or)h(T414)f(based)i(pro)q(cessing)g(no)q(de) f(with)783 1753 y(0.5)f(Mb)o(ytes)h(dual)h(p)q(orted)f(memory)g(and)783 1810 y(80)g(Mb)o(ytes/sec)f(parallel)j(I/O)f(p)q(ort.)428 1866 y(Lo)q(cal)g(Host)139 b(System)15 b(pro)q(cessor)g(self-hosted)h(systems.)783 1923 y(T800)e(pro)q(cessor)h(with)h(8)f(Mb)o(ytes)f(lo)q(cal)j(memory)l(.)783 1979 y(Ethernet)e(in)o(terface,)g(DMA)g(SCSI)h(in)o(terface)783 2036 y(and)f(dual)h(RS232)g(p)q(orts.)209 2232 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)j Fk(Basic,)d(remote)f(hosted)g(systems)g(run)g(the)h(Meik)o(o)f(Dev)o(elopmen) o(t)g(System,)g(MDS.)209 2298 y(This)20 b(pro)o(vides)g(editor,)g(parallel)h (link)o(er)g(and)e(loader,)h(and)g(run-time)g(monitor)f(for)g(a)g(single-)209 2365 y(user)h(system.)34 b(Multi-user)22 b(capabilit)o(y)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)h (under)e(MV)o(CS,)g(Meik)o(o)g(Multiple)i(Virtual)209 2431 y(Computing)17 b(Surfaces,)g(whic)o(h)g(allo)o(ws)g(the)f(mac)o(hine)i(to)e (b)q(e)h(partitioned)g(in)o(to)g(m)o(ultiple)h(inde-)209 2497 y(p)q(enden)o(t)j(domains.)35 b(Self-hosted)21 b(systems)e(under)i(b)q(eta)f (test)g(use)g(UNIX-lik)o(e)i(en)o(vironmen)o(t)209 2564 y(and)15 b(\014le)i(system.)209 2679 y Fi(Languages)i(a)o(v)m(ailable:)i Fk(C,)15 b(F)o(OR)l(TRAN)h(77,)e(P)l(ASCAL,)i(and)f(OCCAM)g(I)q(I.)973 2827 y(92)p eop %%Page: 93 95 94 bop 209 199 a Fi(F)l(ortran)17 b(c)o(haracteristics:)k Fk(F)o(OR)l(TRAN)c (77)e(is)g(standard)g(and)h(do)q(es)g(not)f(require)h(v)o(ectoriz-)209 266 y(ing.)j(V)l(arious)12 b(parallelization)i(strategies)c(are)h(used)h(dep) q(ending)i(on)d(data)f(parallelism)k(a)o(v)m(ailable)209 332 y(in)i(the)f(problem.)209 447 y Fi(Applications:)26 b Fk(Curren)o(t)18 b(applications)h(running)f(on)g(Computing)g(Surfaces)f(include)j(\014nite-) 209 514 y(elemen)o(t)e(analysis,)f(lattice)g(gauge)g(theory)f(sim)o (ulations,)h(ra)o(y)f(tracing,)h(molecular)h(mo)q(delling,)209 580 y(seismic)d(data)d(pro)q(cessing,)i(reserv)o(oir)g(sim)o(ulation,)g (image)f(pro)q(cessing,)h(and)g(\014ngerprin)o(t)g(recog-)209 646 y(nition.)209 762 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)i Fk(In)o(teger)c(p)q(erformance)f 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b(to)h(512)f(Mb)o(ytes)g(capacit)o(y)l(,)h(with)h(ECC)e(\(all)i(mo)q(dels\);) f(up)h(to)e(64-w)o(a)o(y)g(in)o(terlea)o(v)o(ed)209 2661 y(\(all)k(mo)q (dels\).)973 2827 y(94)p eop %%Page: 95 97 96 bop 209 199 a Fk(F)l(our-Gb)o(yte)15 b(demand-paged)h(virtual)f(address)h (space)f(p)q(er)h(pro)q(cess)209 314 y(Floating)f(P)o(oin)o(t:)20 b(IEEE)15 b(32-)g(and)g(64-bit)h(formats)209 429 y(Hardw)o(are)e(add,)h(m)o (ultiply)l(,)i(divide,)g(and)e(square)g(ro)q(ot)209 545 y(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)e (and)i(Co)q(oling:)20 b(Requires)c(2.5)d(to)h(7)g(KV)-5 b(A,)14 b(dep)q(ending)j(up)q(on)e(con\014guration.)20 b(Op)q(erates)209 611 y(from)15 b(10)f(to)h(35)f(C)h(with)h(air)f(co)q(oling.)209 726 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)j Fk(Op)q(erating)13 b(System:)18 b(Multi\015o)o(w's)12 b(adaptation)g(of)f(UNIX)i(bsd)g(4.3,)e(including)k (fast)209 792 y(\014le)e(system,)f(TCP/IP)l(,)g(net)o(w)o(ork)f(\014le)i (system,)f(disk)g(striping,)h(async)o(hronous)f(disk)h(I/O,)f(shared)209 859 y(libraries,)k(and)g(cop)o(y-on-write.)209 974 y(V)-5 b(AX)14 b(Compatibilit)o(y:)20 b(A)14 b(suite)g(of)f(to)q(ols)g(that)g(allo)o(w)h (the)f(TRA)o(CE)h(to)e(p)q(erform)i(as)f(an)g(adjunct)209 1040 y(to)i(an)g(existing)h(V)-5 b(AX/VMS-based)16 b(computing)f(en)o(vironmen)o (t.)209 1156 y(T)l(race)i(Sc)o(heduling)j(compacting)d(compilers)i(from)d (Multi\015o)o(w)i(exploit)g(the)g(\014ne-grained)g(par-)209 1222 y(allelism)g(presen)o(t)d(throughout)f(nearly)i(all)g(applications.)209 1337 y Fi(Languages:)21 b Fk(TRA)o(CE)14 b(F)l(ortran)g(compatibilit)o(y)i (spans)e(ANSI)i(F)l(ortran)d(66,)h(F)l(ortran)f(77,)h(and)209 1403 y(prop)q(osed)i(8X;)e(V)-5 b(AX/VMS)15 b(F)l(ortran;)f(Cra)o(y)g(F)l (ortran;)g(and)h(IBM)h(F)l(ortran.)209 1519 y(TRA)o(CE)f(C)f(impro)o(v)o(es)h (the)g(p)q(erformance)f(of)h(C)f(co)q(des)i(generally)l(,)f(including)j(the)d (UNIX)g(op)q(er-)209 1585 y(ating)g(system)g(and)g(related)h(utilities.)209 1700 y Fi(Applications:)23 b Fk(Though)15 b(users)h(often)f(fo)q(cus)h(up)q (on)h(highly)g(visible,)g(mathematics-in)o(tensiv)o(e)209 1766 y(applications,)g(O.S.)e(k)o(ernel)g(and)h(library)g(functions)g(are)f (comparably)g(imp)q(ortan)o(t.)209 1882 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)26 b Fk(Multi\015o)o(w)19 b(submits)g(that)f(pro)q(cessors)h(in)g(the)g (mini-sup)q(ercomputer)i(price)209 1948 y(range)f(ough)o(t)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(ev) m(aluated)h(in)g(the)f(same)f(terms)h(as)f(their)h(minicomputer)h(cousins:)30 b(b)o(y)209 2014 y(in)o(teractiv)o(e)17 b(p)q(erformance)f(across)g(a)g (broad)g(range)g(of)g(applications,)i(not)e(b)o(y)g(isolated)h(v)o(ector-)209 2081 y(izable)i(applications)g(alone.)27 b(With)17 b(the)h(adv)o(en)o(t)f(of) g(the)g(TRA)o(CE,)g(Multi\015o)o(w)h(con)o(tends)f(that)209 2147 y(there)h(is)h(no)f(reason)g(wh)o(y)g(mini-sup)q(ercomputers)j(should)e (not)f(b)q(e)h(treated)f(simply)h(as)f(faster)209 2214 y(sup)q (er-minicomputers.)209 2329 y(Benc)o(hmark)e(P)o(erformance)e(\(TRA)o(CE)h 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860 y(TRA)o(CE)g(28/200)f({)h(215)f (VLIW)i(MIPS,)f(120)f(M\015ops)h(/)g(SP)l(,)g(60)g(M\015ops)g(/)g(DP)209 1025 y Fi(Status:)29 b Fk(Multi\015o)o(w)20 b(announced)g(the)f(TRA)o(CE)g (pro)q(duct)h(family)g(April)h(21,)e(1987,)g(for)g(\014rst)209 1091 y(pro)q(duction)d(shipmen)o(t)g(in)g(mid-1987.)k(System)15 b(pac)o(k)m(ages)g(start)f(b)q(elo)o(w)i($300,000.)209 1206 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 1329 y Fk(Multi\015o)o(w)g(Computer)e(Inc.)209 1395 y(175)g(North)h(Main)h(Street)209 1462 y(Branford,)f(CT)f(06405)209 1558 y(V)l(oice)i(and)g(F)-5 b(AX:)14 b(203/488-6090)209 1625 y(V)l(oice)i(only:)21 b(800/777-1428)209 1691 y(UUCP:)15 b(decv)m(ax!y)o (ale!mfci!smith)209 1757 y(T)l(ec)o(hnical)i(Con)o(tact:)i(John)d(O'Donnell,) g(V.P)l(.)e(of)h(Engineering)209 1824 y(Sales)h(Con)o(tact:)j(Rob)q(ert)c (Smith,)h(V.P)l(.)e(of)h(Sales)h(and)f(Mark)o(eting)973 2827 y(96)p eop %%Page: 97 99 98 bop 209 199 a Fi(MYRIAS)209 284 y(Shared-Memory)16 b(P)o(arallel)j(Arc)o (hitecture)209 399 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)i Fk(Myrias)16 b(o\013ers)f(the)i(P)o (arallel)g(Application)h(Managemen)o(t)d(System)h(\(P)l(AMS\))209 466 y(and)h(the)g(Scalable)i(P)o(arallel)e(Sup)q(ercomputer)h(\(SPS-2\).)25 b(P)l(AMS)17 b(is)g(a)g(soft)o(w)o(are)e(en)o(vironmen)o(t)209 532 y(that)i(facilitiates)j(the)e(dev)o(elopmen)o(t)g(of)g(applications)h(on) f(a)g(shared-memory)f(parallel)j(arc)o(hi-)209 599 y(tecture,)14 b(and)g(pro)o(vides)g(run)h(time)f(optimization)h(of)e(the)h(system)g(during) h(execution)g(of)e(sev)o(eral)209 665 y(programs.)19 b(The)c(SPS-2)h(is)f (the)h(hardw)o(are)e(system)h(in)h(whic)o(h)g(P)l(AMS)f(is)h(implemen)o(ted.) 209 780 y(The)h(SPS-2)f(consists)g(of)g(pro)q(cessing)h(elemen)o(ts)g (\(PE's\),)e(a)g(Master)h(Con)o(troller,)g(Disk)g(subsys-)209 847 y(tems,)22 b(and)f(asso)q(ciated)g(p)q(eripheral)i(devices.)39 b(A)21 b(PE)g(pro)o(vides)g(pro)q(cessing)h(resource)f(\(Mo-)209 913 y(torola)14 b(MC68020)f(CPU,)h(68851)f(MMU,)h(68882)f(FPU\))h(and)h (memory)f(resource)h(\(4)f(MBytes)g(of)209 979 y(SECDED)f(DRAM\).)g(PE's)g (are)g(connected)h(hierarc)o(hically:)22 b(four)13 b(PE's)g(share)g(a)h (single)g(bus)g(on)209 1046 y(a)j(m)o(ultiple-pro)q(cessing)k(elemen)o(t)d(b) q(oard)f(with)h(16)f(Mb)o(ytes)g(of)g(memory;)h(up)g(to)e(16)h(m)o(ultiple-) 209 1112 y(pro)q(cessing)h(\(MP\))e(elemen)o(t)h(b)q(oards)g(share)g(t)o(w)o (o)e(33)h(MByte/sec)h(bac)o(kplane)h(buses)f(in)h(a)e(card)209 1179 y(cage;)e(eac)o(h)f(card)h(cage)f(has)g(\014v)o(e)h(11)f(MByte/sec)g (comm)o(unications)i(c)o(hannels)f(for)f(in)o(terconnec-)209 1245 y(tion)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(cages)g(or)f(to)g(the)h(Master)f(Con)o (troller.)19 b(MP)c(b)q(oards)f(can)h(b)q(e)h(exc)o(hanged)f(within)209 1312 y(a)e(cage)h(for)f(input/output)h(\(I/O\))g(b)q(oards)f(that)g(eac)o(h)h (connect)g(to)f(high-sp)q(eed)j(I/O)e(con)o(trollers)209 1378 y(at)h(up)g(to)g(20)f(MBytes/sec.)209 1493 y(P)l(AMS)j(de\014nes)g(a)f (virtual)h(mac)o(hine)g(whic)o(h)g(presen)o(ts)f(a)g(constan)o(t)g(in)o (terface)g(to)g(applications.)209 1559 y(The)21 b(virtual)g(mac)o(hine)h(con) o(tains)f(a)f(transparen)o(t)g(con)o(trol)h(mec)o(hanism)g(that)f (automatically)209 1626 y(sc)o(hedules)d(parallel)g(tasks)e(on)h(PEs,)f (enables)i(tasks)d(to)h(access)h(data,)f(lev)o(els)i(loads)f(across)e(pro-) 209 1692 y(grams)f(and)g(PE's)g(shared)g(b)o(y)h(a)f(program,)f(and)i(merges) f(the)g(results)h(of)f(parallel)i(computation.)209 1759 y(The)i(system)g (uses)g(virtual)g(memory)g(\(32)f(bit\))h(addressing,)h(within)g(whic)o(h)f (eac)o(h)g(PE)g(can)g(ad-)209 1825 y(dress)g(a)g(1024-Gb)o(yte)e(address)i (space.)25 b(The)17 b(hierarc)o(hically)i(in)o(terconnected)f(PE's)e(pro)o (vide)i(a)209 1892 y(transparen)o(t)13 b(hierarc)o(hical)j(memory)d(cac)o(he) h(for)g(eac)o(h)g(parallel)h(task.)k(Th)o(us,)14 b(although)g(there)g(is)209 1958 y(no)h(shared)h(cen)o(tral)f(memory)l(,)f(eac)o(h)i(parallel)g(task)f (can)g(access)h(a)e(large)i(address)f(space.)209 2073 y(Indep)q(enden)o(t)21 b(parallel)g(tasks)d(inherit)i(memory)e(images)h(from)f(their)i(paren)o(t)e (\(the)h(task)f(that)209 2140 y(in)o(v)o(ok)o(es)j(parallelism\),)i(and)d (execute)i(in)f(distinct)h(memory)e(spaces.)36 b(Sibling)23 b(tasks)c(do)i(not)209 2206 y(generally)d(a\013ect)d(eac)o(h)i(others')f (memory)f(spaces,)i(although)g(a)f(mec)o(hanism)h(is)g(pro)o(vided)g(that)209 2272 y(enables)f(comm)o(unication)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(them.)209 2387 y Fi(Con\014guration:)30 b Fk(64)19 b(PEs)g(and)h(256)e(MBytes)h(minim)o (um.)34 b(There)20 b(is)g(no)g(kno)o(wn)f(tec)o(hnical)209 2454 y(maxim)o(um.)209 2569 y(Disk)14 b(con)o(trollers)g(supp)q(ort)g(strip)q (ed)g(disks)h(that)e(transfer)g(at)g(up)h(to)f(20)g(Mb)o(ytes/sec)g(in)o(to)h (cac)o(he)209 2635 y(memory)l(.)22 b(Con)o(trollers)16 b(can)g(connect)h(to)e (up)i(to)e(4)h(I/O)h(b)q(oards)f(that)f(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)i(in)g(the)f(same)g (or)209 2702 y(di\013eren)o(t)11 b(cages.)18 b(T)l(ransfer)10 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b(v-pip)q(e)86 b(8)14 b(v-pip)q(e)63 b(16)15 b(v-pip)q(e)86 b(4)15 b(v-pip)q(e)470 478 y(Length)g(regs)50 b(20K)15 b(v-reg)49 b(40K)15 b(v-reg)50 b(80K)15 b(v-reg)50 b(20K)15 b(v-reg)209 674 y(Can)f(b)q(e)h(used)g(as)e(stand-alone)i(mac)o (hine)g(or)f(can)g(link)i(to)d(other)h(equipmen)o(t)h(through)f(a)g(h)o(yp)q (er-)209 741 y(c)o(hannel.)30 b(Separate)18 b(I/O)h(pro)q(cessors)f(with)g (an)h(o)o(v)o(erall)f(rate)g(of)f(up)i(to)f(192)f(Mb)o(ytes/sec)h(are)209 807 y(included)g(in)e(the)f(standard)g(con\014guration.)209 922 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)260 1026 y({)23 b Fk(Uses)17 b(the)f(NEC)h(standard) f(op)q(erating)h(system)f(and)h(UNIX)g(called)h(SX-UX)f(is)g(also)g(sup-)309 1092 y(p)q(orted.)260 1175 y Fi({)23 b Fk(Do)q(es)15 b(not)g(run)g(the)h(IBM) f(instruction)h(set)f(\(unlik)o(e)i(other)e(Japanese)g(computers\))209 1279 y Fi(Languages:)260 1383 y({)23 b Fk(F)l(ortran)e(77)g(with)h(automatic) f(v)o(ectorization.)40 b(P)o(erformance)21 b(tuning)h(to)q(ols)g(a)o(v)m (ailable)309 1449 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b(\014lls)i(a)e(28")f(rac)o(k.)25 b(A)17 b(full)h(64-pro)q(cessor)f(40-M\015op)f(con\014guration)i(\014lls)g(5) f(suc)o(h)209 1940 y(rac)o(ks.)i(By)d(comparison,)f(the)g(US-made)h (30-M\015op)e(Numerix)i(432)f(\014lls)h(half)g(of)f(a)f(22")h(rac)o(k.)209 2055 y Fi(Languages:)30 b Fk(The)20 b(basic)g(programming)f(language)h(for)f (the)h(PS-2000)f(is)h(assem)o(bly)l(,)g(whic)o(h)209 2122 y(re\015ects)c(the) f(PS-2000)f(microinstruction)j(set.)209 2237 y Fi(Applications:)j Fk(While)13 b(the)f(bulk)g(of)f(the)h(applications)h(of)f(the)f(PS-2000)g (app)q(ear)h(to)f(b)q(e)h(seismic)209 2303 y(data)f(pro)q(cessing,)h(other)f (problems)h(suc)o(h)g(as)e(near-sonic)i(gas)f(\015o)o(w)g(studies)h(and)f(n)o (uclear)h(reactor)209 2370 y(sim)o(ulations)k(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)h(rep)q (orted.)209 2485 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)21 b Fk(The)c(PS-3000)f(arra)o(y)f(pro) q(cessor)h(is)h(designed)h(to)e(augmen)o(t)g(the)h(computing)209 2551 y(capabilit)o(y)i(of)d(the)i(SM-1210)e(computer,)h(whic)o(h)h(is)g 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y(\(2\))k(matrix)h(pro)q(cessing)h(unit)g (\(Systolic)f(pro)q(cessor\))g(with)g(2)g(to)f(8)h(Mb)o(ytes)f(of)h(lo)q(cal) h(memory)l(,)209 669 y(\(3\))d(mass)h(storage)f(system,)g(an)h(I/O)h(in)o (terface)f(system)g(for)g(access)g(to)f(high-sp)q(eed)k(data)c(stor-)209 735 y(age)j(p)q(eripherals,)j(\(4\))d(system)g(memory)g(\(64)g(to)g(2048)g (Mb)o(ytes)g(SECDED\),)f(and)i(\(5\))e(Saxp)o(y)209 802 y(In)o(terconnect)f (-)f(a)g(con)o(trol)g(and)g(data)g(bus)g(\(320)f(Mb)o(ytes/sec)h(transfer)g (rate\).)209 884 y Fi(Con\014guration:)27 b Fk(P)o(ossible)20 b(con\014gurations)e(for)g(the)h(Matrix)f(Pro)q(cessor)g(are)g(sho)o(wn)g(in) h(the)209 950 y(table)d(b)q(elo)o(w.)358 1085 y(Mo)q(del)g(name)145 b(M\015ops)50 b(No.)19 b(of)c(cabinets)51 b(Matrix)14 b(Pro)q(cessor)h(zones) p 333 1103 1439 2 v 358 1143 a(MA)l(TRIX)h(1/250)136 b(250)189 b(3)410 b(8)358 1199 y(MA)l(TRIX)16 b(1/500)136 b(500)189 b(3)398 b(16)358 1256 y(MA)l(TRIX)16 b(1/750)136 b(750)189 b(4)398 b(24)358 1312 y(MA)l(TRIX)16 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($695,000)f(to)i($1.9M.)f(A)h(fully)i(con\014gured)f(system)209 266 y(including)18 b(a)d(MA)l(TRIX)h(1/1000)d(w)o(ould)j(cost)f(around)g ($3M.)209 381 y(Beta)21 b(units)g(installed)i(in)f(April)g(1987.)36 b(Customers)20 b(include)j(Martin)e(Marietta)f(Baltimore)209 447 y(Aerospace.)g(First)15 b(pro)q(duction)h(deliv)o(ery)h(made)e(in)h(Marc) o(h)e(1988.)209 562 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 685 y Fk(Saxp)o(y)h(Computer)g(Corp) q(oration)209 751 y(255)f(San)i(Geronimo)f(W)l(a)o(y)209 818 y(Sunn)o(yv)m(ale,)i(CA)e(94086)209 884 y(408-732-6700)209 980 y(Presiden)o(t)h(and)f(CEO:)g(T)l(on)o(y)g(Y)l(ates)209 1047 y(VP)l(,)g(Mark)o(eting:)k(Joseph)d(E.)f(Straub)209 1113 y(VP)l(,)g(Chief)h(Scien)o(tist:)21 b(Dr.)e(Rob)q(ert)d(Sc)o(hreib)q(er)209 1180 y(Director,)f(Adv)m(anced)h(T)l(ec)o(hnology)g(Group:)j(Dr.)h(Ben)c(F)l (riedlander)961 2827 y(109)p eop %%Page: 110 112 111 bop 209 199 a Fi(SCS-30/XM)17 b(and)h(SCS-40/XM)209 314 y Fk(The)e(compan)o(y)e(is)i(no)f(longer)h(mark)o(eting)f(this)g(pro)q(duct.) 209 429 y Fi(V)l(ector)i(Register)h(Arc)o(hitecture)209 545 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)260 678 y({)23 b Fk(register-to-register)f(CRA)l (Y-compatible)i(arc)o(hitecture)f(\(all)g(CRA)l(Y)g(soft)o(w)o(are)d(should) 309 745 y(run)c(on)f(this)g(mac)o(hine\))260 828 y Fi({)23 b Fk(micro)q(co)q(de)16 b(driv)o(en)g(em)o(ulator)f(to)g(em)o(ulate)g(the)h (CRA)l(Y)f(X-MP)g(instruction)i(set.)260 911 y Fi({)23 b Fk(64-bit)15 b(scien)o(ti\014c)i(computer)e(with)h(pip)q(elined)q(,)h(async)o(hronous)e (functional)i(units.)260 994 y Fi({)23 b Fk(m)o(ultiple)17 b(pip)q(elined)i(functional)d(units.)260 1077 y Fi({)23 b Fk(45)15 b(nsec)g(cycle)i(time.)260 1160 y Fi({)23 b Fk(5)15 b(v)o(ector,)f(1)h (scalar,)g(and)g(an)g(address)h(calculation)g(can)g(execute)g(concurren)o (tly)l(.)260 1243 y Fi({)23 b Fk(transfer)12 b(rate)g(from)g(registers)g(to)g (functional)i(units)g(of)e(up)h(to)f(6)g(w)o(ords/)g(clo)q(c)o(k)h(cycle)h (\(1.07)309 1309 y(Gb)o(ytes/sec\).)260 1392 y Fi({)23 b Fk(256)16 b(w)o(ord)f(bu\013er)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(memory)f(and)g(instruction)h(deco)q (de)h(logic)f(allo)o(ws)f(execution)309 1459 y(of)f(one)g(instruction)h(p)q (er)g(cycle)g(\(t)o(w)o(o)e(cycles)i(for)f(conditional)i(branc)o(h\).)260 1542 y Fi({)23 b Fk(supp)q(orts)15 b(\015exible)j(hardw)o(are)c(c)o(haining)j (of)d(functional)j(units)f(and)f(memory)g(references.)209 1676 y Fi(Con\014guration:)260 1779 y({)23 b Fk(32,)17 b(64,)h(128,)f(256,)g(512,) g(and)h(1000)e(Mb)o(yte)h(\014eld-upgradable)j(memory)d(con\014gurations)309 1846 y(with)f(4-16)e(banks.)260 1929 y Fi({)23 b Fk(four)14 b(p)q(orts)g(to)g(memory)g(\(lik)o(e)h(the)g(CRA)l(Y)g(X-MP)l(,)f(i.e.,)g(2)g (v)o(ector)g(loads)h(and)f(a)g(store)g(can)309 1995 y(b)q(e)i(going)f(on)g (at)g(the)g(same)g(time.\))260 2078 y Fi({)23 b Fk(will)16 b(in)o(terface)f(to)e(a)h(fron)o(t)g(end,)g(either)h(V)-5 b(AX)15 b(11/780,)d(V)-5 b(AX)15 b(11/750,)d(or)i(Hyp)q(erc)o(hannel.)260 2161 y Fi({)23 b Fk(2-10)14 b(programmable)h(I/O)g(c)o(hannels,)g(eac)o(h)g (with)g(16)g(Kb)o(yte)g(bu\013er)f(and)h(a)g(transfer)f(rate)309 2228 y(of)20 b(20)g(Mb)o(yte/sec.)35 b(T)l(ransfer)21 b(rate)e(of)h (bu\013ers)h(to)f(cen)o(tral)g(memory)g(is)h(1)g(w)o(ord/clo)q(c)o(k)309 2294 y(p)q(erio)q(d)c(\(178Mb)o(ytes/sec\).)260 2377 y Fi({)23 b Fk(DD-550)18 b(disk)h(driv)o(e)g(holds)h(550)e(Mb)o(ytes)g(and)h(can)f (sustain)i(read/write)e(data)g(transfer)309 2443 y(rate)c(of)h(10)f(Mb)o (yte/sec)g(with)h(an)g(a)o(v)o(erage)e(access)i(time)g(\(seek)g(plus)h (latency\))f(of)f(24)g(msec)260 2527 y Fi({)23 b Fk(maxim)o(um)g(of)f(eigh)o (t)h(driv)o(es)g(can)f(b)q(e)i(attac)o(hed)e(to)g(eac)o(h)g(of)g(the)h(eigh)o (t)g(optional)g(I/O)309 2593 y(c)o(hannels.)961 2827 y(110)p eop %%Page: 111 113 112 bop 209 199 a Fk(Other)16 b(features:)260 303 y Fi({)23 b Fk(Size:)e(55)15 b(x)g(55)g(x)g(60)f(inc)o(hes)260 385 y Fi({)23 b Fk(F)l(orced)15 b(air)h(co)q(oling.)260 468 y Fi({)23 b Fk(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)14 b(consumption:)21 b(208)14 b(3-phase)h(11-16.5)f(KV)-5 b(A)260 551 y Fi({)23 b Fk(W)l(eigh)o(t:)d(1)15 b(ton)209 654 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)260 758 y({)23 b Fk(SCENIX)16 b(\(UNIX)f(V5.3)g (complian)o(t\),)g(SCS/COS)h(and)f(CTSS.)260 840 y Fi({)23 b Fk(soft)o(w)o(are)14 b(licensing)j(agreemen)o(t)e(with)g(CRA)l(Y.)260 923 y Fi({)23 b Fk(I/O)c(and)f(net)o(w)o(ork)f(connections)i(p)q(erformed)g (b)o(y)f(SCS)g(I/O)h(Net)o(w)o(ork)e(No)q(des)h(\(IONNs\))309 989 y(whic)o(h)f(ha)o(v)o(e)f(Direct)g(Memory)f(access)h(to)f(an)o(y)h(SCS)g (pro)q(cessor)g(memory)f(setting)h(on)g(the)309 1056 y(SCS)g(178)e(Mb)o(yte)h (net)o(w)o(ork.)260 1138 y Fi({)23 b Fk(m)o(ultiuser,)16 b(m)o (ultiprogramming)f(OS)h(supp)q(orts)f(in)o(teractiv)o(e)h(job)f(execution.) 209 1242 y Fi(Languages:)260 1345 y({)23 b Fk(F)l(ortran)15 b(77.)23 b(F)l(ortran)15 b(compilation)i(exp)q(ected)h(at)d(20,000)g(to)g (40,000)g(lines)i(p)q(er)g(min)o(ute.)309 1412 y(F)l(ortran)d(v)o(ectorizing) i(compiler.)21 b(In)o(teractiv)o(e)16 b(debugger.)260 1494 y Fi({)23 b Fk(Assem)o(bler.)260 1577 y Fi({)g Fk(V)l(ectorizing)17 b(C)e(compiler.)209 1681 y Fi(Applications:)260 1784 y({)23 b Fk(MSC/NASTRAN)260 1867 y Fi({)g Fk(GA)o(USSIAN)16 b(86)260 1949 y Fi({)23 b Fk(ANSYS)260 2032 y Fi({)g Fk(ABA)o(QUS)260 2115 y Fi({)g Fk(FID)o(AP)260 2197 y Fi({)g Fk(o)o(v)o(er)14 b(150)h(more)g(applications)h(p)q(orted)g(from)e(the)h(CRA)l(Y)h(X-MP)l(.)209 2301 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)260 2404 y({)23 b Fk(SCS-40/XM)18 b(p)q(eak)i(v)o(ector)e(rate)g(of)g(44)h(M\015ops)f(and)h(p)q(eak)g(scalar)g (rate)f(of)h(22)f(mips)i(in)309 2471 y(64-bit)15 b(arithmetic.)260 2553 y Fi({)23 b Fk(SCS-30/XM)18 b(p)q(eak)i(v)o(ector)e(rate)g(of)g(33)h (M\015ops)f(and)h(p)q(eak)g(scalar)g(rate)f(of)h(16)f(mips)i(in)309 2620 y(64-bit)15 b(arithmetic.)260 2702 y Fi({)23 b Fk(LINP)l(A)o(CK)16 b(timings)g(around)f(1/4)g(the)g(p)q(erformance)g(of)g(a)g(single)i(CPU)e (X-MP)l(.)961 2827 y(111)p eop %%Page: 112 114 113 bop 260 199 a Fi({)23 b Fk(Matrix)15 b(v)o(ector)f(op)q(erations)i (\(subroutine)f(SMXPY\).)260 282 y Fi({)23 b Fk(around)15 b(37.6)f(M\015ops)h (\(sim)o(ulated\).)209 416 y Fi(Status:)21 b Fk(Protot)o(yp)q(e)14 b(a)o(v)m(ailable)j(11/85;)c(\014rst)i(customer)g(shipmen)o(t)h(4/86)209 531 y(Cost:)j(Base)c(system)g($295,000.)209 646 y(Mark)o(et)h(target)f(is)j (to)e(pro)o(vide)h(a)g(CRA)l(Y-compatible)i(general-purp)q(ose)f(scien)o (ti\014c)g(computer)209 713 y(that)f(computes)g(at)g(1/4)g(the)g(CRA)l(Y)h (X-MP)l(,)f(but)h(has)f(the)h(price)g(of)f(a)g(sup)q(er-mini)j(and)e(th)o(us) 209 779 y(the)d(price/p)q(erformance)i(of)d(a)h(sup)q(ercomputer.)209 894 y Fi(Con)o(tact:)209 1047 y Fk(Scien)o(ti\014c)i(Computer)e(Systems)209 1113 y(10180)f(Barnes)h(Can)o(y)o(on)g(Road)209 1179 y(San)g(Diego,)g(CA)g (92121)209 1246 y(619-546-1212)209 1342 y(Presiden)o(t:)21 b(Barry)14 b(Rosen)o(baum)209 1439 y(Pierre)i(Hassid)209 1505 y(Scien)o(ti\014c)h(Computer)e(Systems)g(Corp)q(oration)209 1572 y(5)g(Villa)i(Alexandrine)209 1638 y(92100)d(Boulogne)i(Billancourt)209 1704 y(F)l(rance)209 1771 y(+33-1-48.25.73.47)961 2827 y(112)p eop %%Page: 113 115 114 bop 209 199 a Fi(Sequen)o(t)17 b(Balance)i(8000)f(and)g(Balance)h(21000) 209 284 y(P)o(arallel)g(Bus)e(Arc)o(hitecture)209 399 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)32 b Fk(Tw)o(o)21 b(pro)q(ducts,)h(Balance)h(8000)d(and)i(Balance)g(21000,)f (emplo)o(ying)i(same)209 466 y(system)15 b(comp)q(onen)o(ts)g(and)h (di\013eren)o(tiated)f(only)h(b)o(y)f(capacit)o(y)l(.)209 581 y(F)l(amily)20 b(has)g(2-30)f(NS)g(32032)f(pro)q(cessors)i(running)g(at)f(10) g(MHz,)h(eac)o(h)g(with)g(\015oating-p)q(oin)o(t)209 647 y(unit,)f(memory)f (managemen)o(t)g(unit,)h(and)f(8-Kb)o(yte)h(cac)o(he)f(sharing)h(a)f(global)g (memory)g(via)h(a)209 713 y(64-bit)g(wide)h(pip)q(elined)j(pac)o(k)o(et)18 b(bus)h(supp)q(orting)h(m)o(ultiple,)i(o)o(v)o(erlapp)q(ed)d(memory)g(and)g (I/O)209 780 y(transactions)14 b(with)h(a)f(sustained)h(data)f(transfer)g (rate)g(of)g(up)h(to)f(53.3)f(Mb)o(yte/sec)h(enhanced)i(to)209 846 y(supp)q(ort)f(future)h(generations)f(of)g(system)f(mo)q(dules.)209 961 y(Memory:)32 b(The)22 b(mac)o(hine)g(has)g(up)g(to)e(28)h(Mb)o(ytes)g(of) g(ph)o(ysical)i(memory)l(,)g(a)e(4-Mb)o(yte)g(I/O)209 1028 y(address)d(space,)g(and)g(a)f(16-Mb)o(yte)f(virtual)j(memory)e(address)g (space)h(for)f(eac)o(h)h(user)f(pro)q(cess.)209 1094 y(Memory)h(can)h(b)q(e)h (t)o(w)o(o-w)o(a)o(y)d(in)o(terlea)o(v)o(ed,)j(and)f(there)g(can)h(b)q(e)f (up)h(to)e(4)h(memory)f(con)o(trollers)209 1161 y(whic)o(h)f(eac)o(h)g (manage)e(2)h(to)g(8)g(Mb)o(ytes)g(using)h(256)e(Kbit)j(RAM)e(comp)q(onen)o (ts.)23 b(Pro)q(cessor)16 b(and)209 1227 y(memory)f(b)q(oards)g(can)g(go)g (in)h(an)o(y)f(slot)g(on)g(the)g(SB8000)g(bus.)209 1342 y Fi (Con\014guration:)36 b Fk(A)22 b(Sequen)o(t-designed)j(IC)e(c)o(hip)g (\(SLIC,)g(System)f(Link,)k(and)c(In)o(terrupt)209 1408 y(Con)o(troller\))15 b(resides)h(on)f(eac)o(h)g(b)q(oard)g(to)g(manage)g(in)o(terpro)q(cessor)g (comm)o(unication,)g(sync)o(hro-)209 1475 y(nization,)24 b(in)o(terrupts,)f (diagnostics,)g(and)f(con\014guration)g(con)o(trol.)38 b(There)22 b(is)g(an)g(extensiv)o(e)209 1541 y(diagnostic)16 b(subsystem.)209 1626 y(Industry-standard)g(I/O,)f(in)o(terfaces:)209 1711 y(MUL)l(TIBUS)c(-)g (has)f(terminal)h(m)o(ultiplexor)g(and)f(other)g(con)o(trollers.)19 b(Ethernet)10 b(-)g(at)f(10)h(Mbits/sec.)209 1778 y(Connection)16 b(to)f(PC)f(as)h(virtual)h(disk)g(through)f(Ethernet.)209 1893 y(SCSI)h(-)f(at)f(2.5)g(Mb)o(yte/sec.)19 b(O\013ers)14 b(5-1/4)g(in.)21 b(disk)15 b(driv)o(es)h(\(72)e(and)h(150)f(Mb)o(ytes)g(formatted\))209 1959 y(and)h(streamer)g(tap)q(e)g(driv)o(es)h(with)f(adaptor)g(b)q(oards)g (for)f(the)i(SCSI)g(bus.)209 2074 y(DCC)f(-)g(a)g(v)o(ery-high-p)q (erformance)i(SMD)e(and)g(SMD-E)g(disk)h(con)o(troller)g(supp)q(orting)g(up)g (to)f(8)209 2140 y(disks)h(allo)o(wing)h(t)o(w)o(o)d(sim)o(ultaneous)j(data)e (transfers)g(at)g(up)h(to)f(3)g(Mb)o(yte/sec)h(and)g(o)o(v)o(erlapp)q(ed)209 2207 y(seeks)21 b(on)g(all)g(driv)o(es.)37 b(P)o(erformance)21 b(enhanced)h(b)o(y)e(rotational)h(p)q(osition)g(sensing)h(and)f(slip)209 2273 y(sector)15 b(bad)g(blo)q(c)o(k)h(handling.)209 2388 y(P)o(eripherals)g (include)h(1/2")d(1600)f(and)i(6250)f(bpi)i(tap)q(e)f(driv)o(es)g(and)g(396,) e(264,)h(and)h(540)f(Mb)o(yte)209 2455 y(disk)i(driv)o(es.)209 2570 y(The)j(Balance)g(8000)e(pac)o(k)m(aged)i(system)f(includes)j(a)d (9-slot)g(SB8000)g(bus)g(bac)o(kplane)i(and)e(an)209 2636 y(8-slot)f(MUL)l (TIBUS)i(bac)o(kplane)f(and)f(can)h(tak)o(e)e(up)i(to)f(six)h(dual-pro)q (cessor)g(b)q(oards)f(\(12)f(pro-)209 2702 y(cessors\).)961 2827 y(113)p eop %%Page: 114 116 115 bop 209 199 a Fk(Other)16 b(features:)277 266 y(T)l(able)g(heigh)o(t)g (pac)o(k)m(aging.)277 332 y(Dimensions)h(30.5"h)d(x)h(23.25"w)e(x)i(28.625"d) 277 399 y(SB800)g(c)o(hassis)h(15.5")d(x)i(10.5")f(x)h(13.5")277 465 y(MUL)l(TIBUS)i(c)o(hassis)e(14.2")f(x)h(6.68")f(x)h(8.5")277 531 y(11)g(amps)g(max)g(at)f(60Hz)h(115V)-5 b(A)o(C.)277 598 y(Maxim)o(um)15 b(con\014guration)h(dissipates)g(1500)e(W)l(atts)209 787 y(The)d(Balance)g(21000)e(pac)o(k)m(aged)i(system)f(with)h(a)f(26)g(slot) g(bac)o(kplane)h(and)g(a)f(12)g(slot)g(MUL)l(TIBUS)209 853 y(supp)q(orts)k(a)g(full)i(con\014guration)e(of)g(30)f(pro)q(cessors)h(\(15)f (dual)i(pro)q(cessor)f(b)q(oards\).)19 b(Dimensions)209 919 y(are)c(67"h)g(x)g(27.5"w)e(x)i(38"d)209 1035 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)34 b Fk(The)23 b(op)q(erating)g(system,)h(called)h(D)o(YNIX,)d(is)i(a)e(v)o (ersion)h(of)g(UNIX)g(supp)q(ort-)209 1101 y(ing)d(a)g(dual)g(univ)o(erse)h (for)e(System)h(V.2)f(and)h(BSD)g(4.2)e(UNIX)j(applications,)h(enhanced)f (for)209 1167 y(application-transparen)o(t)11 b(m)o(ultipro)q(cessing)h(and)e (user-con)o(trolled)i(parallel)f(pro)q(cessing.)19 b(Among)209 1234 y(the)e(enhancemen)o(ts)h(are)e(a)h(completely)h(reen)o(tran)o(t)e(k)o (ernel,)h(tuneable)h(virtual)g(memory)l(,)e(user-)209 1300 y(lev)o(el)h(shared)f(memory)l(,)f(and)h(sync)o(hronization)h(services.)22 b(All)c(pro)q(cessors)d(run)h(a)g(shared)f(cop)o(y)209 1367 y(of)f(the)h(op)q(erating)g(system.)20 b(The)15 b(con\014guration)g(is)g (symmetric,)f(and)h(load)g(balancing)i(is)e(auto-)209 1433 y(matic)g(and)h(dynamic.)209 1548 y(Supp)q(orts)f(X.25)e(and)i(ARP)l(ANET)g (TCP/IP)f(proto)q(cols)g(plus)i(all)f(the)f(net)o(w)o(orking)g(facilities)j (of)209 1615 y(UNIX)f(4.2.)j(Supp)q(ort)c(is)h(also)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(for)e (customer-pro)o(vided)h(application)g(accelerators.)209 1730 y Fi(Languages:)26 b Fk(Ada,)17 b(C,)g(F)l(ortran)g(77,)g(ANSI-standard)h(P)l (Ascal,)g(Assem)o(bly)h(language,)f(Lisp,)209 1796 y(Prolog,)d(Mo)q(dula-2,)g (Cob)q(ol,)g(Mumps,)g(Basic.)21 b(P)o(arallel)16 b(programming)f(library)h (callable)h(from)209 1863 y(an)o(y)e(language.)22 b(Extensions)16 b(to)f(F)l(ortran,)f(C,)h(and)h(P)o(ascal)f(to)g(allo)o(w)h(shared)g(common)f (blo)q(c)o(ks.)209 1929 y(Prepro)q(cessor)g(for)g(F)l(ortran)f(to)g (parallelize)k(DO-lo)q(ops.)209 2044 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)g Fk(En)o(try-lev)o(el)e(Balance)g(8000)e(similar)i(in)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)e(to)h (Micro)o(v)m(ax)g(I)q(I.)g(F)l(ully)i(p)q(op-)209 2110 y(ulated)i(B21000)f (seen)h(as)f(three)h(times)f(a)h(V)-5 b(AX)18 b(8650)g(\(21)f(mips\))i(in)h (p)q(o)o(w)o(er.)29 b(Designed)20 b(as)e(a)209 2177 y(high)e(throughput)f (system,)g(with)g(supp)q(ort)g(for)g(parallel)i(pro)q(cessing)f(at)e(user)i (lev)o(el.)209 2292 y Fi(Status:)23 b Fk(Incorp)q(orated)17 b(in)g(Jan)o(uary)g(1983)e(\(original)i(name)g(of)f(compan)o(y)g(w)o(as)g (Sequel\).)25 b(Eu-)209 2358 y(rop)q(ean)18 b(subsidiary)g(established)h(in)g (UK)e(in)h(Marc)o(h)f(1986.)25 b(Sequen)o(t)18 b(Europ)q(e)g(no)o(w)f(\(Jan)o (uary)209 2425 y(1988\))i(has)i(subsidiaries)h(in)g(the)e(Netherlands)i (\(Amsterdam\),)e(W)l(est)h(German)o(y)e(\(Munic)o(h\),)209 2491 y(and)c(United)i(Kingdom)f(\(London\).)k(Shipmen)o(ts)c(b)q(egan)f (12/84.)209 2606 y(En)o(try)j(price)h(for)f(Balance)h(8000)e(system)h(\(2)f 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b(con\014guration)g(is)g (symmetric,)f(and)h(load)g(balancing)i(is)e(auto-)209 1797 y(matic)g(and)h(dynamic.)209 1912 y Fi(Languages:)k Fk(C,)12 b(F)l(ortran,)g(and)i(P)o(ascal)f(are)f(fully)j(supp)q(orted)e(and)h(ha)o(v)o (e)e(supp)q(ort)h(for)g(parallel)209 1979 y(programming.)24 b(A)17 b(parallel)h(programming)e(library)i(is)f(callable)i(from)d(an)o(y)g (language.)25 b(There)209 2045 y(are)16 b(extensions)h(to)e(F)l(ortran,)g(C,) g(and)h(P)o(ascal)g(to)g(allo)o(w)g(shared)g(common)g(blo)q(c)o(ks.)23 b(There)16 b(is)h(a)209 2111 y(prepro)q(cessor)h(for)e(F)l(ortran)h(to)f (parallelize)k(DO-lo)q(ops.)28 b(Pdb)o(x,)17 b(a)h(v)o(ersion)f(of)g(the)h (db)o(x)f(source)209 2178 y(lev)o(el)d(debugger)f(that)g(has)f(b)q(een)i (enhanced)g(to)f(supp)q(ort)f(the)h(debugging)h(of)f(parallel)h(programs,)209 2244 y(is)i(a)o(v)m(ailable.)209 2359 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)29 b Fk(F)l(rom)19 b(8)h(to)g(108)f(mips.)36 b(The)21 b(S27)f(runs)g(at)g(5)g (M\015ops)g(\(single)h(precision\))209 2426 y(on)16 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y(cally)h(detect)g(parallelism)h(and)e(use)h(v)o(ector)f (pro)q(cessing.)20 b(The)c(F)l(ortran)e(compiler)i(has)f(most)g(of)209 2320 y(the)h(p)q(opular)h(VMS)e(extensions.)23 b(An)16 b(execution)h (pro\014ler)f(and)g(a)g(m)o(ulti-stream)g(sym)o(b)q(olic)h(de-)209 2387 y(bugger)c(are)f(a)o(v)m(ailable.)21 b(A)12 b(concurrency)i(library)f (is)h(a)o(v)m(ailable)g(for)e(man)o(ual)h(con)o(trol)f(of)g(program)209 2453 y(concurrency)l(.)22 b(A)15 b(Stellar)h(Assem)o(bler)g(language)g(is)g (a)o(v)m(ailable.)22 b(Ada)15 b(and)h(LISP)g(compilers)h(are)209 2519 y(under)f(dev)o(elopmen)o(t.)209 2634 y Fi(Applications:)28 b Fk(Ma)s(jor)17 b(applications)j(targeted)d(include)k(computer-aided)f (design)f(and)g(en-)209 2701 y(gineering,)j(molecular)e(mo)q(delling,)i (computer)d(animation,)i(image)e(pro)q(cessing,)i(geoph)o(ysical)961 2827 y(124)p eop %%Page: 125 127 126 bop 209 199 a Fk(mo)q(delling,)19 b(sim)o(ulation)f(and)f(analysis,)g (\015uid)i(dynamics,)e(aero)q(dynamics,)h(astroph)o(ysics,)e(and)209 266 y(meteorology)l(.)31 b(Stellar)20 b(has)f(reac)o(hed)h(agreemen)o(ts)e (for)g(the)i(p)q(orting)f(of)g(o)o(v)o(er)f(45)g(third-part)o(y)209 332 y(soft)o(w)o(are)d(applications,)k(and)e(discussions)i(are)e(ongoing)g (with)g(o)o(v)o(er)f(70)g(application)j(soft)o(w)o(are)209 399 y(v)o(endors.)209 514 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)e Fk(P)o(eak)c(rates)g(of)f (20-25)g(mips)i(and)f(up)h(to)f(40)f(M\015ops)h(in)h(double)g(precision)h (\(64-)209 580 y(bit)h(w)o(ords\).)j(Graphics)c(maxim)o(um)g(rate)g(of)g (600,000)e(3D)i(v)o(ectors/sec)f(and)i(150,000)d(Gouraud)209 646 y(shaded)j(p)q(olygons/sec.)k(It)c(is)f(planned)i(to)d(o\013er)h(o)o(v)o (er)f(100)h(mips)g(pro)q(cessing)h(b)o(y)g(1990.)209 762 y Fi(Status:)30 b Fk(The)21 b(cost)e(of)h(a)g(con\014guration)g(whic)o(h)h (includes)h(the)e(three)g(pro)q(cessing)h(units,)h(16)209 828 y(Mb)o(ytes)10 b(of)h(memory)l(,)f(a)h(380)f(Mb)o(yte)g(disk,)i(cartridge)f 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y(Little)g(East)o(wic)o(k)209 2207 y(Lo)o(w)o(er)f(F)l(arm)f(Road)209 2273 y(E\016ngham,)h(Surrey)g(KT24)g(5JJ)209 2340 y(England)209 2406 y(0372-58707)209 2503 y(Hans)g(Holler)209 2569 y(German)o(y)g(Mark)o (eting)f(and)h(Sales)209 2635 y(Hagenauer)g(Strasse)g(42)209 2702 y(6200)f(Wiesbaden)961 2827 y(125)p eop %%Page: 126 128 127 bop 209 199 a Fk(WEST)15 b(GERMANY)209 266 y(49-61-22037)209 362 y(Mak)o(ota)f(Y)l(amada)209 429 y(Japan)i(Sales)f(and)h(Mark)o(eting)209 495 y(Kihoh)g(Bldg.)21 b(1F)209 561 y(2-2)15 b(Ko)s(ji-mac)o(hi)209 628 y(Chiy)o(o)q(da-ku)209 694 y(T)l(oky)o(o,)f(JAP)l(AN)209 761 y(81)h(3)g(237)f(0131)209 857 y(Europ)q(ean)i(mark)o(eting)e(divided)k (in)o(to)d(three)g(regions)h(cen)o(tered)f(on)g(UK,)h(F)l(rance,)f(and)209 923 y(German)o(y)l(.)961 2827 y(126)p eop %%Page: 127 129 128 bop 209 199 a Fi(Sup)q(ertek)17 b(S-1)209 284 y(V)l(ector)g(Pro)q(cessor) 209 399 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)j Fk(Basic)15 b(c)o(hip)i(used:)j(Proprietary)15 b(CPU)g(based)g(on)g(TTL/CMOS)h(logic)g(c)o(hips)209 466 y(Memory:)j(Shared)d (memory)209 532 y(Connectivit)o(y:)21 b(four-p)q(ort,)14 b(16-w)o(a)o(y)g(in) o(terlea)o(v)o(ed)209 599 y(Memory)h(sizes:)20 b(up)c(to)e(128)h(Mb)o(ytes)f (real)i(memory)209 665 y(Floating-p)q(oin)o(t)g(unit:)21 b(Cra)o(y)14 b(format)209 847 y Fi(Con\014guration:)209 913 y Fk(Stand-alone)i(or)f(net)o (w)o(ork)o(ed)f(via)i(Ethernet)f(or)f(HYPER)o(Channel)209 979 y(P)o(eripherals:)21 b(disks)16 b(\(800)e(MB)h(eac)o(h,)g(2.5)f(MB/sec)h (SMD\))209 1046 y(\(680)f(MB)h(eac)o(h,)g(12.5)f(MB/sec)h(PTD\))209 1112 y(T)l(ap)q(e:)20 b(9-trac)o(k,)14 b(6250)g(BPI)209 1294 y Fi(Soft)o(w)o(are:)19 b Fk(CTSS)c(\(Cra)o(y)f(Time)i(Sharing)g(System\))209 1360 y(VECTRIX)g(\(IEEE)f(POSIX)h(complian)o(t,)g(Sup)q(ertek)g(proprietary)f (Unix\))209 1542 y Fi(Languages:)21 b Fk(CFT)15 b(1.13)e(\(Cra)o(y)h(F)l (ortran)g(Compiler\))209 1608 y(Sup)q(ertek)i(F)l(ortran)e(Compiler)209 1675 y(Sup)q(ertek)i(C)f(Compiler)209 1856 y Fi(F)l(ortran)h(c)o (haracteristics:)k Fk(F)l(ortran-77)13 b(v)o(ectorizor)g(with)i(in)o (teractiv)o(e)f(debugging)h(facilities)209 2038 y Fi(Applications:)209 2104 y Fk(Appro)o(ximately)h(200)e(pac)o(k)m(ages)209 2219 y Fi(P)o(erformance:)29 b Fk(P)o(eak:)g(36)20 b(M\015ops,)h(Benc)o(hmark:)31 b(26.5)19 b(M\015ops)h(\(LINP)l(A)o(CK)h(300)e(x)i(300,)209 2286 y(all-F)l(ortran\))209 2467 y Fi(Status:)g Fk(Deliv)o(ery)16 b(of)e(\014rst)h(mac)o(hine:)21 b(July)16 b(1988)209 2533 y(Cost:)j($250,000) 13 b(base)i(price)209 2600 y(Prop)q(osed)g(mark)o(ets:)k(mainly)d(scien)o (ti\014c/engineeri)q(ng)961 2827 y(127)p eop %%Page: 128 130 129 bop 209 199 a Fi(Connection)19 b(Mac)o(hine)f(Mo)q(del)g(CM-2)209 284 y(Data)h(P)o(arallel)f(Sup)q(ercomputer)g(\(SIMD\))209 399 y(Arc)o(hitecture:)h Fk(The)13 b(Connection)h(Mac)o(hine)g(arc)o (hitecture)f(assigns)h(a)e(pro)q(cessor)h(to)g(eac)o(h)g(ele-)209 466 y(men)o(t)f(of)h(the)f(program's)f(data.)19 b(F)l(or)12 b(example,)h(a)f(4096)g(x)g(4096)g(arra)o(y)f(has)i(16)f(million)j(elemen)o (ts)209 532 y(of)i(data.)27 b(Hence)18 b(it)g(requires)g(16)f(million)j(pro)q (cessors.)27 b(Virtual)19 b(pro)q(cessing)f(arc)o(hitecture)g(al-)209 599 y(lo)o(ws)e(the)f(systems)g(soft)o(w)o(are)f(to)h(sub)q(divide)j(ph)o (ysical)f(pro)q(cessors)f(in)o(to)f(the)h(requisite)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)209 665 y(of)f(virtual)i(pro)q(cessors.)24 b(CM-2)16 b(systems)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(a)g (maxim)o(um)h(of)f(65,536)f(ph)o(ysical)j(pro)q(cessors.)209 732 y(A)f(proprietary)f(c)o(hip)i(implemen)o(ts)g(16)e(ph)o(ysical)i(pro)q (cessors.)24 b(Eac)o(h)17 b(pro)q(cessor)f(has)h(8K)g(b)o(ytes)209 798 y(of)d(lo)q(cal)h(memory)l(,)e(for)h(a)f(system-wide)i(total)e(of)h(512)f (Mb)o(ytes.)19 b(Information)13 b(is)i(passed)f(among)209 864 y(pro)q(cessors)g(b)o(y)h(a)f(v)o(ery)g(high)h(sp)q(eed)h(\(3)e (Gigabits/second\))h(comm)o(unications)g(path.)k(All)d(ph)o(ys-)209 931 y(ical)f(pro)q(cessors)f(ma)o(y)f(send)h(messages)g(in)g(parallel.)21 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2255 y(sionalit)o(y)19 b(or)e(otherwise)g(alter)h(an)f(arra)o(y)l(.)26 b(Since)19 b(there)f(is)g(a)f(single)i(program)d(\(that)h(op)q(erates)209 2321 y(on)g(all)i(data)d(at)h(once\),)h(no)f(sp)q(ecial)i(sync)o(hronization) g(commands)e(or)g(debugging)h(tec)o(hniques)209 2387 y(are)d(required.)209 2503 y Fi(Applications:)21 b Fk(Applications)15 b(running)f(curren)o(tly)g (on)f(CM-2)f(include)k(molecular)e(dynamics,)209 2569 y(\015uid)21 b(\015o)o(w,)f(3-D)g(elastic)h(w)o(a)o(v)o(e)d(sim)o(ulation,)k(do)q(cumen)o (t)e(retriev)m(al,)i(medical)f(imaging,)g(\014nite)209 2635 y(elemen)o(t)d(stress)f(analysis,)h(ob)s(ject)f(recognition,)i(cellular)g (automata,)d(VLSI)j(sim)o(ulation,)f(and)209 2702 y(fundamen)o(tal)e(ph)o (ysics)g(sim)o(ulation.)961 2827 y(128)p eop %%Page: 129 131 130 bop 209 199 a Fi(P)o(erformance:)18 b Fk(P)o(eak)c(hardw)o(are)g(p)q (erformance)h(is)g(31)f(G\015ops.)20 b(Rated)15 b(p)q(erformance)f(is)h(2500) 209 266 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