%!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Creator: dvips 5.526 Copyright 1986, 1994 Radical Eye Software %%Title: us.dvi %%CreationDate: Fri Nov 17 14:53:51 1995 %%Pages: 11 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%EndComments %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips us -o us.ps %DVIPSParameters: dpi=300, comments removed %DVIPSSource: TeX output 1995.11.17:1453 %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro /TeXDict 250 dict def TeXDict begin /N{def}def /B{bind def}N /S{exch}N /X{S N}B /TR{translate}N /isls false N /vsize 11 72 mul N /hsize 8.5 72 mul N /landplus90{false}def /@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1} ifelse 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div hsize mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR matrix currentmatrix dup dup 4 get round 4 exch put dup dup 5 get round 5 exch put setmatrix}N /@landscape{/isls true N}B /@manualfeed{ statusdict /manualfeed true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B /FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /nn 0 N /IE 0 N /ctr 0 N /df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin /FontType 3 N /FontMatrix fntrx N /FontBBox FBB N string /base X array /BitMaps X /BuildChar{CharBuilder}N /Encoding IE N end dup{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn put /ctr 0 N[}B /df{/sf 1 N /fntrx FMat N df-tail}B /dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B /E{ pop nn dup definefont setfont}B /ch-width{ch-data dup length 5 sub get} B /ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B /ch-xoff{128 ch-data dup length 3 sub get sub}B /ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub get 127 sub}B /ch-dx{ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B /ch-image{ch-data dup type /stringtype ne{ctr get /ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B /id 0 N /rw 0 N /rc 0 N /gp 0 N /cp 0 N /G 0 N /sf 0 N /CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup /base get 2 index get S /BitMaps get S get /ch-data X pop /ctr 0 N ch-dx 0 ch-xoff ch-yoff ch-height sub ch-xoff ch-width add ch-yoff setcachedevice ch-width ch-height true[1 0 0 -1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff .1 add]{ ch-image}imagemask restore}B /D{/cc X dup type /stringtype ne{]}if nn /base get cc ctr put nn /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne{dup dup length 1 sub dup 2 index S get sf div put}if put /ctr ctr 1 add N}B /I{cc 1 add D }B /bop{userdict /bop-hook known{bop-hook}if /SI save N @rigin 0 0 moveto /V matrix currentmatrix dup 1 get dup mul exch 0 get dup mul add .99 lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N /eop{SI restore showpage userdict /eop-hook known{eop-hook}if}N /@start{userdict /start-hook known{start-hook}if pop /VResolution X /Resolution X 1000 div /DVImag X /IE 256 array N 0 1 255{IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn put}for 65781.76 div /vsize X 65781.76 div /hsize X}N /p{show}N /RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /BDot 260 string N /rulex 0 N /ruley 0 N /v{/ruley X /rulex X V}B /V {}B /RV statusdict begin /product where{pop product dup length 7 ge{0 7 getinterval dup(Display)eq exch 0 4 getinterval(NeXT)eq or}{pop false} ifelse}{false}ifelse end{{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR 1 1 scale rulex ruley false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}}{{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR rulex ruley scale 1 1 false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}}ifelse B /QV{gsave transform round exch round exch itransform moveto rulex 0 rlineto 0 ruley neg rlineto rulex neg 0 rlineto fill grestore}B /a{moveto}B /delta 0 N /tail{dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B /M{S p delta add tail}B /b{S p tail} B /c{-4 M}B /d{-3 M}B /e{-2 M}B /f{-1 M}B /g{0 M}B /h{1 M}B /i{2 M}B /j{ 3 M}B /k{4 M}B /w{0 rmoveto}B /l{p -4 w}B /m{p -3 w}B /n{p -2 w}B /o{p -1 w}B /q{p 1 w}B /r{p 2 w}B /s{p 3 w}B /t{p 4 w}B /x{0 S rmoveto}B /y{ 3 2 roll p a}B /bos{/SS save N}B /eos{SS restore}B end %%EndProcSet TeXDict begin 40258431 52099146 1000 300 300 (/white/homes/dongarra/PAPERS/TEX/TOP500/us.dvi) @start /Fa 11 120 df<3078FCFC7830060676851A>46 D<0000C00001E00001E00003E00003C0 0007C0000780000F80000F00000F00001F00001E00003E00003C00007C00007800007800 00F80000F00001F00001E00003E00003C00003C00007C0000780000F80000F00001F0000 1E00001E00003E00003C00007C0000780000F80000F00000F0000060000013277DA21A> I<3078FCFC78300000000000000000003078FCFC7830061576941A>58 D<00FF8003FFC00FFFE01F01E03C00C0780000700000700000E00000E00000E00000E000 00E000007000007000007800703C00701F01F00FFFE003FFC000FE0014157D941A>99 D<01F87C07FFFE0FFFFE1E078C1C03803801C03801C03801C03801C03801C01C03801E07 801FFF001FFE0039F8003800003800001C00001FFF801FFFE03FFFF878007C70001CE000 0EE0000EE0000EE0000E70001C78003C3E00F81FFFF007FFC001FF0017217F941A>103 D<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000EFF800FFF C00FC1C00F80E00F00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00 E00E00E00E00E00E00E07FC3FCFFE7FE7FC3FC171E7F9D1A>I<01F00007FC001FFF003E 0F803C07807803C07001C0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E07001C078 03C03C07803E0F801FFF0007FC0001F00013157D941A>111 D<7E3E00FEFF807FFFE00F C1F00F80700F00380E00380E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0F00380F 00780F80F00FC1E00FFFC00EFF800E3E000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E 00000E00007FC000FFE0007FC00016207F941A>I<018000038000038000038000038000 0380000380007FFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0038000038000038000038000038000038000038000 03800003800003800003807003807003807003807001C1E001FFE000FF80003F00141C7F 9B1A>116 D<7F83FCFFC7FE7F83FC0E00E00E00E00E00E00701C00701C00701C0038380 03838003838001C70001C70001C70000EE0000EE0000EE00007C00007C0000380017157F 941A>118 DI E /Fb 32 122 df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c 4 121 df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d 41 122 df<000FFF00007FFF0001F83F 0003E03F0007C03F000F803F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F 000F801F00FFFFFF00FFFFFF000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F 000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F 000F801F000F801F000F801F007FF0FFE07FF0FFE01B237FA21F>13 D<00180030006000C001C00380070007000E001E001C003C003C003C0078007800780078 00F800F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F80078007800780078003C 003C003C001C001E000E0007000700038001C000C00060003000180D317BA416>40 DI<387C FEFEFE7C3807077C8610>46 D<0000180000380000380000700000700000E00000E00000 E00001C00001C0000380000380000380000700000700000700000E00000E00001C00001C 00001C0000380000380000700000700000700000E00000E00001C00001C00001C0000380 000380000700000700000700000E00000E00000E00001C00001C00003800003800003800 00700000700000E00000E00000C0000015317DA41C>I<00FE0007FFC00F83E01F01F03E 00F83E00F87C007C7C007C7C007CFC007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC 007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007C7C007C7C007C3E00F83E00F81F 01F00F83E007FFC000FE0017207E9F1C>I<00180000780001F800FFF800FFF80001F800 01F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F800 01F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F800 7FFFE07FFFE013207C9F1C>I<3000203E01E03FFFC03FFF803FFF003FFE003FF80033C0 0030000030000030000030000031FC0037FF003E0FC03807E03003E00003F00003F00003 F80003F83803F87C03F8FE03F8FE03F8FC03F0FC03F07007E03007C03C1F800FFF0003F8 0015207D9F1C>53 D<01FE0007FF800F83E01E01F03E00F07C00F87C0078FC007CFC007C FC007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C00FE7C00FE3E01FE1E037E0FFE7E07FC7E00207E 00007C00007C1E007C3F00F83F00F83F00F03F01E01E03C01C0F800FFE0003F80017207E 9F1C>57 D<000070000000007000000000F800000000F800000000F800000001FC000000 01FC00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE000000067F000000067F0000000C7F8000000C 3F8000000C3F800000181FC00000181FC00000301FE00000300FE00000700FF000006007 F000006007F00000C007F80000FFFFF80001FFFFFC00018001FC00018001FC00030001FE 00030000FE00070000FF000600007F000600007F00FFE007FFF8FFE007FFF825227EA12A >65 D<0003FE0080001FFF818000FF01E38001F8003F8003E0001F8007C0000F800F8000 07801F800007803F000003803F000003807F000001807E000001807E00000180FE000000 00FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000 7E000000007E000001807F000001803F000001803F000003801F800003000F8000030007 C000060003F0000C0001F800380000FF00F000001FFFC0000003FE000021227DA128>67 D<0003FE0040001FFFC0C0007F00F1C001F8003FC003F0000FC007C00007C00FC00003C0 1F800003C03F000001C03F000001C07F000000C07E000000C07E000000C0FE00000000FE 00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000FFFFC7E00 0FFFFC7F00001FC07F00001FC03F00001FC03F00001FC01F80001FC00FC0001FC007E000 1FC003F0001FC001FC003FC0007F80E7C0001FFFC3C00003FF00C026227DA12C>71 DII78 D<0007FC0000003FFF800000FC07E00003F001F80007E000FC000FC0007E001F80003F00 1F80003F003F00001F803F00001F807F00001FC07E00000FC07E00000FC0FE00000FE0FE 00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00 000FE07E00000FC07F00001FC07F00001FC03F00001F803F80003F801F80003F000FC000 7E0007E000FC0003F001F80000FC07E000003FFF80000007FC000023227DA12A>II82 D<01FE0207FF861F01FE3C007E7C001E78000E78000EF80006F80006FC0006FC0000FF00 00FFE0007FFF007FFFC03FFFF01FFFF80FFFFC03FFFE003FFE0003FE00007F00003F0000 3FC0001FC0001FC0001FE0001EE0001EF0003CFC003CFF00F8C7FFE080FF8018227DA11F >I<7FFFFFFF807FFFFFFF807E03F80F807803F807807003F803806003F80180E003F801 C0E003F801C0C003F800C0C003F800C0C003F800C0C003F800C00003F800000003F80000 0003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F8000000 03F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003 F800000003F800000003F800000003F8000001FFFFF00001FFFFF00022227EA127>III<0FFC003FFF807E 07C07E03E07E01E07E01F03C01F00001F00001F0003FF003FDF01FC1F03F01F07E01F0FC 01F0FC01F0FC01F0FC01F07E02F07E0CF81FF87F07E03F18167E951B>97 DI<00FF8007FFE00F83F01F03F03E03F07E03F07C01E07C0000FC0000FC0000FC00 00FC0000FC0000FC00007C00007E00007E00003E00181F00300FC06007FFC000FF001516 7E9519>I<0001FE000001FE0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E 0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0001FC3E0007FFBE000F81FE001F007E 003E003E007E003E007C003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E 00FC003E00FC003E007C003E007C003E003E007E001F00FE000F83BE0007FF3FC001FC3F C01A237EA21F>I<00FE0007FF800F87C01E01E03E01F07C00F07C00F8FC00F8FC00F8FF FFF8FFFFF8FC0000FC0000FC00007C00007C00007E00003E00181F00300FC07003FFC000 FF0015167E951A>I<001FC0007FE000F1F001E3F003E3F007C3F007C1E007C00007C000 07C00007C00007C00007C000FFFE00FFFE0007C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C000 07C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C000 3FFC003FFC00142380A211>I104 D<1C003E007F007F007F003E001C0000000000 00000000000000000000FF00FF001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00 1F001F001F001F001F001F001F00FFE0FFE00B247EA310>I108 DII<00FE0007FFC00F83E01E00F03E00F87C00 7C7C007C7C007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007C7C007C3E00 F81F01F00F83E007FFC000FE0017167E951C>II114 D<0FF3003FFF00781F00600700E00300E00300F00300FC 00007FE0007FF8003FFE000FFF0001FF00000F80C00780C00380E00380E00380F00700FC 0E00EFFC00C7F00011167E9516>I<018000018000018000018000038000038000078000 0780000F80003F8000FFFF00FFFF000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F8000 0F80000F80000F80000F80000F81800F81800F81800F81800F81800F830007C30003FE00 00F80011207F9F16>II120 DI E /Fe 1 16 df<03F0000FFC001FFE003FFF007FFF807F FF80FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC07FFF807FFF803FFF001F FE000FFC0003F00012147D9519>15 D E /Ff 45 123 df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g 7 117 df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h 84 128 df<001FC1F00070371800C03E3C01807C3C0380783C0700380007003800 07003800070038000700380007003800070038000700380007003800FFFFFFC007003800 070038000700380007003800070038000700380007003800070038000700380007003800 070038000700380007003800070038000700380007003800070038000700380007003C00 7FE1FFC01E2380A21C>11 D<001FC0000070200000C01000018038000380780007007800 0700300007000000070000000700000007000000070000000700000007000000FFFFF800 070078000700380007003800070038000700380007003800070038000700380007003800 070038000700380007003800070038000700380007003800070038000700380007003800 070038007FE1FF80192380A21B>I<001FD8000070380000C07800018078000380780007 0038000700380007003800070038000700380007003800070038000700380007003800FF FFF800070038000700380007003800070038000700380007003800070038000700380007 003800070038000700380007003800070038000700380007003800070038000700380007 003800070038007FF3FF80192380A21B>I<000FC07F00007031C08000E00B004001801E 00E003803E01E007003C01E007001C00C007001C000007001C000007001C000007001C00 0007001C000007001C000007001C0000FFFFFFFFE007001C01E007001C00E007001C00E0 07001C00E007001C00E007001C00E007001C00E007001C00E007001C00E007001C00E007 001C00E007001C00E007001C00E007001C00E007001C00E007001C00E007001C00E00700 1C00E007001C00E07FF1FFCFFE272380A229>I<7038F87CFC7EFC7E743A040204020402 04020804080410081008201040200F0F7EA218>34 D<00800000800003F0000C8C001082 00208100608100408080C08080C08780C08780C08780E08300E080007080007880003F80 003FE0001FF80007FC0001FE00009F00008700008700008380008380F08180F08180F081 80E0818080810040810040830020860010840008980007E0000080000080000080001128 7DA418>36 D<0780000C001840000C0018200018003010007000701C00B0006013FF6000 E008006000E00800C000E008018000E008018000E008030000E008060000E008060000E0 080C0000601018000070101800003010300000182030000018406000000780C03C000000 C04200000180C1000003018100000303808000060300800006030040000C070040001807 0040001807004000300700400060070040006007004000C0070040018003004001800300 8003000380800300018100060000C1000C000042000400003C0022287DA429>I<003C00 0000006200000000C2000000018100000001810000000381000000038100000003810000 000381000000038200000003820000000384000000038800000001C800000001D0000000 01E001FF8001C0007C0000E000380001E000300001700020000270004000047800400008 38008000181C008000301C010000700E020000700F020000F007040000F003880000F003 C80000F001F00100F000E0010078007001007800B802003C031C06000E0C070C0003F001 F00021257EA326>I<70F8FCFC7404040404080810102040060F7CA20E>I<002000400080 01000300060004000C000C00180018003000300030007000600060006000E000E000E000 E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0006000600060007000300030003000 180018000C000C0004000600030001000080004000200B327CA413>I<80004000200010 0018000C000400060006000300030001800180018001C000C000C000C000E000E000E000 E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000C000C000C001C001800180018003 0003000600060004000C00180010002000400080000B327DA413>I<70F8FCFC74040404 04080810102040060F7C840E>44 DI<70F8F8F87005057C840E> I<000080000180000180000300000300000300000600000600000600000C00000C00000C 0000180000180000180000300000300000300000600000600000600000C00000C00000C0 000180000180000180000180000300000300000300000600000600000600000C00000C00 000C0000180000180000180000300000300000300000600000600000600000C00000C000 00C0000011317DA418>I<01F000071C000C06001803003803803803807001C07001C070 01C07001C0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F0 01E0F001E0F001E0F001E07001C07001C07001C07803C03803803803801C07000C060007 1C0001F00013227EA018>I<008003800F80F38003800380038003800380038003800380 038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380 038007C0FFFE0F217CA018>I<03F0000C1C001007002007804003C04003C08003E0F003 E0F801E0F801E0F801E02003E00003E00003C00003C0000780000700000E00001C000018 0000300000600000C0000180000100000200200400200800201800603000403FFFC07FFF C0FFFFC013217EA018>I<03F8000C1E00100F002007804007C07807C07803C07807C038 07C0000780000780000700000F00000C0000380003F000001C00000F0000078000078000 03C00003C00003E02003E07003E0F803E0F803E0F003C04003C0400780200780100F000C 1C0003F00013227EA018>I<000300000300000700000700000F00001700001700002700 006700004700008700018700010700020700060700040700080700080700100700200700 200700400700C00700FFFFF8000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000F80 007FF015217FA018>I<1000801E07001FFF001FFE001FF80017E0001000001000001000 0010000010000010000011F800120C001C07001803801003800001C00001C00001E00001 E00001E00001E07001E0F001E0F001E0E001C08001C04003C04003802007001006000C1C 0003F00013227EA018>I<007E0001C1000300800601C00C03C01C03C018018038000038 0000780000700000700000F0F800F30C00F40600F40300F80380F801C0F001C0F001E0F0 01E0F001E0F001E0F001E07001E07001E07001E03801C03801C01803801C03000C060007 0C0001F00013227EA018>I<4000006000007FFFE07FFFC07FFFC0400080C00100800100 80020080020000040000080000080000100000200000200000600000400000C00000C000 01C00001C000018000038000038000038000038000078000078000078000078000078000 07800007800003000013237DA118>I<01F800060E000803001001802001806000C06000 C06000C07000C07000C07801803E01003F02001FC4000FF80003F80001FC00067E00083F 00100F803007C06003C06000E0C000E0C00060C00060C00060C000606000406000C03000 801803000E0E0003F00013227EA018>I<01F000060C000C060018070038038070038070 0380F001C0F001C0F001C0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E07001E07003E03803E018 05E00C05E00619E003E1E00001C00001C00001C000038000038030038078070078060070 0C002018001030000FC00013227EA018>I<70F8F8F870000000000000000000000070F8 F8F87005157C940E>I<70F8F8F870000000000000000000000070F8F8F8780808080810 1010204040051F7C940E>I<07E01838201C400E800FF00FF00FF00F000F000E001C0038 0030006000C000C000800080018001000100010001000100010000000000000000000000 038007C007C007C0038010237DA217>63 D<000FE00000701C0000800200030001800400 004008000020080000201007C01020183008203008084060040440C0078441C0038481C0 03828380038283800382838003828380038283800382838003828380038281C0038241C0 038240C007824060078420300B84201831881007C0F00800000008000000040000000300 000E00800078007007C0000FFC001F237DA226>I<0001800000018000000180000003C0 000003C0000003C0000005E0000005E0000009F0000008F0000008F00000107800001078 000010780000203C0000203C0000203C0000401E0000401E0000C01F0000800F0000800F 0001FFFF800100078001000780020003C0020003C0020003C0040001E0040001E0040001 E0080000F01C0000F03E0001F8FF800FFF20237EA225>II<0007E0100038183000E0063001 C00170038000F0070000F00E0000701E0000701C0000303C0000303C0000307C00001078 00001078000010F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8 00000078000000780000107C0000103C0000103C0000101C0000201E0000200E00004007 0000400380008001C0010000E0020000381C000007E0001C247DA223>IIII<0007F008003C0C1800 E0021801C001B8038000F8070000780F0000381E0000381E0000183C0000183C0000187C 0000087800000878000008F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8 000000F8001FFF780000F8780000787C0000783C0000783C0000781E0000781E0000780F 00007807000078038000B801C000B800E00318003C0C080007F00020247DA226>III< 03FFE0001F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00 000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00 000F00000F00700F00F80F00F80F00F80E00F01E00401C0020380018700007C00013237E A119>I IIII<000F E00000783C0000E00E0003C00780078003C00F0001E00E0000E01E0000F03C0000783C00 00787C00007C7C00007C7800003C7800003CF800003EF800003EF800003EF800003EF800 003EF800003EF800003EF800003EF800003E7800003C7C00007C7C00007C3C0000783E00 00F81E0000F00F0001E00F0001E0078003C003C0078000E00E0000783C00000FE0001F24 7DA226>II82 D<03F0200C0C601802603001E07000E0600060E00060E00060E00020E000 20E00020F00000F000007800007F00003FF0001FFE000FFF0003FF80003FC00007E00001 E00000F00000F0000070800070800070800070800070C00060C00060E000C0F000C0C801 80C6070081FC0014247DA21B>I<7FFFFFF8780780786007801840078008400780084007 8008C007800C800780048007800480078004800780040007800000078000000780000007 800000078000000780000007800000078000000780000007800000078000000780000007 80000007800000078000000780000007800000078000000780000007800000078000000F C00001FFFE001E227EA123>IIII<7FF803FF000FE001F80007C000E00003E0 00C00001E000800001F001800000F80100000078020000007C040000003E040000001E08 0000001F100000000FB000000007A000000007C000000003E000000001E000000001F000 000003F80000000278000000047C0000000C3E000000081E000000101F000000200F8000 0020078000004007C000008003E000008001E000010001F000030000F800070000F8001F 8000FC00FFC003FFC022227FA125>II91 D<0804100820102010402040208040804080408040B85CFC7EFC7E7C3E381C0F0F7AA218 >II<1FE000303800780C00780E003007 0000070000070000070000FF0007C7001E07003C0700780700700700F00708F00708F007 08F00F087817083C23900FC1E015157E9418>97 D<0E0000FE00001E00000E00000E0000 0E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E1F000E61C00E8060 0F00300E00380E003C0E001C0E001E0E001E0E001E0E001E0E001E0E001E0E001E0E001C 0E003C0E00380F00700C80600C41C0083F0017237FA21B>I<01FE000703000C07801C07 80380300780000700000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F000007000007800 403800401C00800C010007060001F80012157E9416>I<0000E0000FE00001E00000E000 00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E001F8E00704E00C 02E01C01E03800E07800E07000E0F000E0F000E0F000E0F000E0F000E0F000E0F000E070 00E07800E03800E01801E00C02E0070CF001F0FE17237EA21B>I<01FC000707000C0380 1C01C03801C07801E07000E0F000E0FFFFE0F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000700000 7800203800201C00400E008007030000FC0013157F9416>I<003E0000E30001C7800387 80030780070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000FFF8000700 000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700 000700000700000700000700000700000780007FF000112380A20F>I<00007003F1980E 1E181C0E183807003807007807807807807807807807803807003807001C0E001E1C0033 F0002000002000003000003800003FFE001FFFC00FFFE03000F0600030C00018C00018C0 0018C000186000306000303800E00E038003FE0015217F9518>I<0E0000FE00001E0000 0E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E1F80 0E60C00E80E00F00700F00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E0070 0E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E0070FFE7FF18237FA21B>I<1C003E003E 003E001C00000000000000000000000000000000000E007E001E000E000E000E000E000E 000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFC00A227FA10E>I<00E0 01F001F001F000E000000000000000000000000000000000007007F000F0007000700070 007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070 007000706070F0E0F0C061803F000C2C83A10F>I<0E0000FE00001E00000E00000E0000 0E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E03FC0E01F00E01C0 0E01800E02000E04000E08000E10000E38000EF8000F1C000E1E000E0E000E07000E0780 0E03C00E01C00E01E00E00F00E00F8FFE3FE17237FA21A>I<0E00FE001E000E000E000E 000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E 000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFE00B237FA20E>I<0E1FC07F00FE 60E183801E807201C00F003C00E00F003C00E00E003800E00E003800E00E003800E00E00 3800E00E003800E00E003800E00E003800E00E003800E00E003800E00E003800E00E0038 00E00E003800E00E003800E00E003800E00E003800E0FFE3FF8FFE27157F942A>I<0E1F 80FE60C01E80E00F00700F00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00 700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E0070FFE7FF18157F941B>I<01FC0007 07000C01801800C03800E0700070700070F00078F00078F00078F00078F00078F00078F0 00787000707800F03800E01C01C00E038007070001FC0015157F9418>I<0E1F00FE61C0 0E80600F00700E00380E003C0E003C0E001E0E001E0E001E0E001E0E001E0E001E0E001E 0E003C0E003C0E00380F00700E80E00E41C00E3F000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000 0E00000E00000E00000E0000FFE000171F7F941B>I<01F8200704600E02601C01603801 E07800E07800E0F000E0F000E0F000E0F000E0F000E0F000E0F000E07800E07800E03801 E01C01E00C02E0070CE001F0E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000 E00000E0000FFE171F7E941A>I<0E3CFE461E8F0F0F0F060F000E000E000E000E000E00 0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000F00FFF010157F9413>I<0F8830786018C018C0 08C008E008F0007F003FE00FF001F8003C801C800C800CC00CC008E018D0308FC00E157E 9413>I<02000200020002000600060006000E001E003E00FFFC0E000E000E000E000E00 0E000E000E000E000E000E000E040E040E040E040E040E040708030801F00E1F7F9E13> I<0E0070FE07F01E00F00E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00 700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00F00E00F006017003827800FC7F18157F941B>IIIII<3FFFC0380380300780200700600E00401C00403C0040380000700000E000 01E00001C0000380400700400F00400E00C01C0080380080780180700780FFFF8012157F 9416>II<6030F078F8F8F07860300D057BA118>127 D E /Fi 45 124 df 45 D<1F003F807FC0FFE0FFE0FFE0FFE0FFE07FC03F801F000B0B7A8A17>I<000FFC0000 007FFF800001FFFFE00003FC0FF00007F003F8000FE001FC000FE001FC001FC000FE003F C000FF003FC000FF003F80007F007F80007F807F80007F807F80007F807F80007F80FF80 007FC0FF80007FC0FF80007FC0FF80007FC0FF80007FC0FF80007FC0FF80007FC0FF8000 7FC0FF80007FC0FF80007FC0FF80007FC0FF80007FC0FF80007FC0FF80007FC0FF80007F C0FF80007FC07F80007F807F80007F807F80007F807F80007F803F80007F003FC000FF00 3FC000FF001FC000FE001FE001FE000FE001FC0007F807F80003FC0FF00001FFFFE00000 7FFF8000000FFC0000222E7DAD29>48 D<0001E0000003E000000FE000007FE0001FFFE0 00FFFFE000FFBFE000E03FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE0 00003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE0 00003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE0 00003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE0 00003FE000003FE0007FFFFFF07FFFFFF07FFFFFF01C2E7AAD29>I<003FF00001FFFE00 07FFFF800FC07FE01E001FF03C000FF87F0007FC7F8007FEFFC007FEFFC003FEFFC003FF FFC003FF7F8003FF7F8003FF3F0003FF000003FF000003FE000003FE000007FC000007FC 00000FF800000FF000001FE000001FC000003F8000007F000000FE000001F8000001F000 0003E00000078007000F0007001E0007003C000F0078000E00F0000E01C0001E03FFFFFE 07FFFFFE0FFFFFFE1FFFFFFE3FFFFFFE7FFFFFFCFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFC202E7CAD 29>I<000FFC0000007FFF800001F01FE00003C00FF000070007F8000FE007FC000FF007 FC001FF007FE001FF807FE001FF807FE001FF807FE001FF807FE000FF007FC0007E007FC 0001800FFC0000000FF80000000FF00000001FE00000003FC0000000FF8000003FFE0000 003FFC0000003FFF800000001FF000000007F800000003FC00000003FE00000003FF0000 0001FF80000001FF800E0001FFC03F8001FFC07FC001FFC07FC001FFC0FFE001FFC0FFE0 01FFC0FFE001FF80FFE001FF80FFC003FF007F8003FF003F0003FE001F0007FC000FE01F F80007FFFFE00001FFFF8000001FFC0000222E7DAD29>I<0000007800000000F8000000 01F800000003F800000007F800000007F80000000FF80000001FF80000003FF80000007F F800000077F8000000F7F8000001E7F8000003C7F800000787F800000707F800000F07F8 00001E07F800003C07F800007807F800007007F80000F007F80001E007F80003C007F800 078007F8000F0007F8000F0007F8001E0007F8003C0007F800780007F800F00007F800FF FFFFFFF0FFFFFFFFF0FFFFFFFFF000000FF80000000FF80000000FF80000000FF8000000 0FF80000000FF80000000FF80000000FF80000000FF800000FFFFFF0000FFFFFF0000FFF FFF0242E7EAD29>I<0C0000381FC003F81FFFFFF81FFFFFF01FFFFFE01FFFFFC01FFFFF 801FFFFE001FFFFC001FFFF0001FFF00001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000 001E0000001E0000001E1FF8001E7FFF001FFFFFC01FE01FE01F800FF01E0007F80C0007 FC000003FC000003FE000003FE000003FF000003FF1E0003FF3F0003FF7F8003FFFF8003 FFFFC003FFFFC003FEFF8003FEFF8003FE7F0007FC7C0007F83C000FF01E001FE00FC07F C007FFFF8001FFFE00003FE000202E7CAD29>I<000FFC0000007FFF000001FC0FC00003 F003E00007E003F0000FE001F8001FE001FC003FC001FE007FC000FE007FC000FF00FFC0 00FF00FFC000FF80FFC000FF80FFC000FF80FFC000FF80FFC000FFC0FFC000FFC0FFC000 FFC0FFC000FFC07FC001FFC07FC001FFC03FC001FFC03FC003FFC01FE003FFC00FE007FF C007F00EFFC003FF7CFFC001FFF8FFC0007FF0FF80000000FF80000000FF80000000FF80 000000FF000F8001FF001FC001FF003FE001FE003FE001FE003FE003FC003FE003F8003F C007F0001F800FE0001E001FC0000F807F800007FFFE000001FFF80000007FC00000222E 7DAD29>57 D<0000007C0000000000007C000000000000FE000000000000FE0000000000 00FE000000000001FF000000000001FF000000000003FF800000000003FF800000000007 FFC00000000007FFC00000000007FFC0000000000FFFE0000000000F7FE0000000001F7F F0000000001E3FF0000000001E3FF0000000003E3FF8000000003C1FF8000000007C1FFC 00000000780FFC00000000780FFC00000000F80FFE00000000F007FE00000001F007FF00 000001E003FF00000001E003FF00000003C003FF80000003C001FF80000007C001FFC000 00078000FFC00000078000FFC000000FFFFFFFE000000FFFFFFFE000001FFFFFFFF00000 1E00003FF000001E00003FF000003C00001FF800003C00001FF800007C00001FFC000078 00000FFC0000F800000FFE0000F0000007FE0000F0000007FE0001F0000007FF0003F800 0003FF00FFFFC001FFFFFEFFFFC001FFFFFEFFFFC001FFFFFE37317DB03E>65 DI<000003FF8001800000 3FFFF003800001FFFFFC0F800007FF007F1F80001FF8000FBF80003FE00003FF8000FF80 0000FF8001FF0000007F8003FE0000003F8007FC0000003F8007FC0000001F800FF80000 001F801FF80000000F801FF00000000F803FF000000007803FF000000007807FF0000000 07807FE000000007807FE000000000007FE00000000000FFE00000000000FFE000000000 00FFE00000000000FFE00000000000FFE00000000000FFE00000000000FFE00000000000 FFE00000000000FFE000000000007FE000000000007FE000000000007FE000000000007F F000000003803FF000000003803FF000000003801FF000000003801FF800000007800FF8 000000070007FC000000070007FC0000000E0003FE0000001E0001FF0000003C0000FF80 00007800003FE00000F000001FF80003E0000007FF003F80000001FFFFFE000000003FFF F80000000003FF80000031317BB03C>II72 DI76 DI<00000FFE0000000000FFFFE000000007FFFFFC0000001FFC07FF0000003FE0 00FF800000FF80003FE00001FF00001FF00003FE00000FF80007FC000007FC0007FC0000 07FC000FF8000003FE001FF8000003FF001FF0000001FF003FF0000001FF803FF0000001 FF803FF0000001FF807FE0000000FFC07FE0000000FFC07FE0000000FFC0FFE0000000FF E0FFE0000000FFE0FFE0000000FFE0FFE0000000FFE0FFE0000000FFE0FFE0000000FFE0 FFE0000000FFE0FFE0000000FFE0FFE0000000FFE0FFE0000000FFE0FFE0000000FFE07F E0000000FFC07FE0000000FFC07FF0000001FFC07FF0000001FFC03FF0000001FF803FF0 000001FF801FF8000003FF001FF8000003FF000FFC000007FE000FFC000007FE0007FE00 000FFC0003FF00001FF80001FF80003FF00000FFC0007FE000003FE000FF8000001FFC07 FF00000007FFFFFC00000000FFFFE0000000000FFE00000033317BB03E>79 DI82 D<001FF0018000FFFF038003FFFFC78007F00F FF800FC001FF801F00007F803F00001F803E00000F807E00000F807E00000780FE000007 80FE00000780FE00000380FF00000380FF00000380FF80000000FFE00000007FFC000000 7FFFE000007FFFFE00003FFFFFC0001FFFFFF0000FFFFFF80007FFFFFC0003FFFFFE0001 FFFFFF00007FFFFF80001FFFFF800000FFFFC0000007FFC0000000FFE00000007FE00000 003FE00000001FE06000001FE0E000000FE0E000000FE0E000000FE0E000000FC0F00000 0FC0F000000FC0F800001F80FC00001F80FF00003F00FFC0007E00FFFC01FC00F1FFFFF8 00E03FFFE000C007FF000023317BB02E>I<7FFFFFFFFFFF807FFFFFFFFFFF807FFFFFFF FFFF807FC00FFC00FF807E000FFC001F807C000FFC000F8078000FFC00078078000FFC00 078070000FFC000380F0000FFC0003C0F0000FFC0003C0F0000FFC0003C0E0000FFC0001 C0E0000FFC0001C0E0000FFC0001C0E0000FFC0001C0E0000FFC0001C000000FFC000000 00000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000 000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC0000000000 0FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000F FC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC 00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00 000000000FFC000000007FFFFFFF8000007FFFFFFF8000007FFFFFFF800032307DAF39> II87 D<007FF8000003FFFF000007FFFFC0000FE01FE0001FF007F0001FF003F8001FF003FC00 1FF001FE000FE001FE0007C001FE00010001FE00000001FE00000001FE000001FFFE0000 3FFFFE0001FFF1FE0007FE01FE000FF001FE001FC001FE003F8001FE007F8001FE00FF00 01FE00FF0001FE00FF0001FE00FF0001FE00FF0003FE007F8003FE007FC00EFE003FF03C FF000FFFF87FF807FFF03FF800FF800FF825207E9F28>97 D<01F8000000FFF8000000FF F8000000FFF80000000FF800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F8 00000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800 000007F800000007F80FF00007F87FFE0007F9FFFF8007FFE03FC007FF000FE007FE0007 F007F80003F807F80003FC07F80003FC07F80001FE07F80001FE07F80001FE07F80001FF 07F80001FF07F80001FF07F80001FF07F80001FF07F80001FF07F80001FF07F80001FF07 F80001FE07F80001FE07F80001FE07F80003FC07F80003FC07FC0007F807FE0007F007F7 001FE007E3E07FC007C1FFFF0007807FFE0007001FE00028327EB12E>I<0007FF00007F FFE000FFFFF003FC03F807F007FC0FE007FC1FE007FC3FC007FC3FC003F87FC001F07F80 00407F800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF80 00007F8000007FC000007FC000003FC0000E3FE0000E1FE0001C0FF0001C07F8007803FF 01F000FFFFE0007FFF800007FC001F207D9F25>I<00000007E0000003FFE0000003FFE0 000003FFE00000003FE00000001FE00000001FE00000001FE00000001FE00000001FE000 00001FE00000001FE00000001FE00000001FE00000001FE00000001FE00000001FE00000 001FE0000FF81FE0007FFF1FE001FFFFDFE003FE03FFE007F800FFE00FE0003FE01FE000 1FE03FC0001FE03FC0001FE07F80001FE07F80001FE07F80001FE0FF80001FE0FF80001F E0FF80001FE0FF80001FE0FF80001FE0FF80001FE0FF80001FE0FF80001FE07F80001FE0 7F80001FE07F80001FE03FC0001FE03FC0001FE01FC0003FE00FE0007FE007F001FFE003 FC07DFF001FFFF9FFF007FFE1FFF000FF01FFF28327DB12E>I<0007FC0000003FFF8000 00FFFFE00003FC07F00007F801F8000FE000FC001FE0007E003FC0007E003FC0003F007F C0003F007F80003F007F80003F80FF80003F80FF80003F80FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFFF80FFFF FFFF80FF80000000FF80000000FF800000007F800000007F800000003FC00000003FC000 03801FC00003801FE00007800FF0000F0007F8001E0003FE00FC0000FFFFF800003FFFE0 000003FF000021207E9F26>I<0000FF000007FFC0001FFFE0003FC7F0007F0FF800FE0F F801FE0FF801FC0FF803FC07F003FC03E003FC01C003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00 0003FC000003FC000003FC0000FFFFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFFC0003FC000003FC000003FC00 0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00 0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00 0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00007FFFF0007FFFF0007FFFF0001D327E B119>I<001FF803E000FFFF1FF001FFFFBFF807F81FF9F80FE007F1F80FE007F0F01FC0 03F8601FC003F8003FC003FC003FC003FC003FC003FC003FC003FC003FC003FC001FC003 F8001FC003F8000FE007F0000FE007F00007F81FE00007FFFF800006FFFF00000E1FF800 000E000000001E000000001E000000001F000000001F800000001FFFFFC0000FFFFFF800 0FFFFFFE0007FFFFFF0003FFFFFF8007FFFFFFC01FFFFFFFE03F00007FE07E00000FF0FC 000007F0FC000003F0FC000003F0FC000003F0FC000003F07E000007E03F00000FC01FC0 003F800FF801FF0007FFFFFE0000FFFFF000001FFF8000252F7E9F29>I<01F800000000 FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF8000000000FF80000000007F80000000007F800000000 07F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F800000000 07F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F807F80000 07F83FFF000007F87FFF800007F8F03FC00007F9C01FE00007FB000FE00007FE000FF000 07FE000FF00007FC000FF00007FC000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF000 07F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF000 07F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF000 07F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF000FFFFC1FFFF80FFFFC1FFFF80 FFFFC1FFFF8029327DB12E>I<01C00007F0000FF8000FF8001FFC001FFC001FFC000FF8 000FF80007F00001C00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001F8 00FFF800FFF800FFF80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 0007F80007F80007F80007F800FFFF80FFFF80FFFF8011337DB217>I<01F8000000FFF8 000000FFF8000000FFF80000000FF800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800 000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F80000 0007F800000007F800000007F8007FFC07F8007FFC07F8007FFC07F8001FC007F8001F00 07F8003E0007F800780007F801F00007F803E00007F807800007F81F000007F83E000007 F87C000007F9FE000007FBFF000007FFFF800007FF7FC00007FE3FE00007F81FE00007F0 1FF00007F00FF80007F007FC0007F003FE0007F001FF0007F000FF0007F000FF8007F000 7FC007F0003FE007F0003FF0FFFF80FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFFF80FFFF28327EB12C>107 D<01F800FFF800FFF800FFF8000FF80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F800FFFF C0FFFFC0FFFFC012327DB117>I<03F007F8000FF000FFF03FFF007FFE00FFF07FFF80FF FF00FFF0F03FC1E07F800FF1C01FE3803FC007F3000FE6001FC007F6000FFC001FE007FE 000FFC001FE007FC000FF8001FE007FC000FF8001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF000 1FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8 000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF000 1FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8 000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE007F8000FF0001FE0FFFFC1FFFF83 FFFFFFFFC1FFFF83FFFFFFFFC1FFFF83FFFF40207D9F45>I<03F007F80000FFF03FFF00 00FFF07FFF8000FFF0F03FC0000FF1C01FE00007F3000FE00007F6000FF00007FE000FF0 0007FC000FF00007FC000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF0 0007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF0 0007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF0 0007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF000FFFFC1FFFF80FFFFC1FFFF80FFFFC1FFFF 8029207D9F2E>I<0007FE0000003FFFC00000FFFFF00003FC03FC0007F000FE000FE000 7F001FC0003F803FC0003FC03FC0003FC07F80001FE07F80001FE07F80001FE0FF80001F F0FF80001FF0FF80001FF0FF80001FF0FF80001FF0FF80001FF0FF80001FF0FF80001FF0 7F80001FE07F80001FE07F80001FE03FC0003FC03FC0003FC01FE0007F800FE0007F0007 F801FE0003FE07FC0001FFFFF800003FFFC0000007FE000024207E9F29>I<01F80FF000 FFF87FFE00FFF9FFFF80FFFFE07FC00FFF001FE007FE000FF007F80007F807F80007FC07 F80003FC07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80001FE07F80001FF07F80001FF07F80001FF07F8 0001FF07F80001FF07F80001FF07F80001FF07F80001FF07F80001FE07F80003FE07F800 03FE07F80003FC07F80007FC07FC0007F807FE000FF007FF001FE007FBE07FC007F9FFFF 0007F87FFE0007F81FE00007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F8000000 07F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F8000000FFFFC00000FF FFC00000FFFFC00000282E7E9F2E>I<03F03F00FFF07FC0FFF1FFE0FFF1C7F00FF38FF8 07F70FF807F60FF807FE0FF807FC07F007FC03E007FC008007F8000007F8000007F80000 07F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F80000 07F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F80000FFFFE000FFFFE000FFFFE000 1D207E9F22>114 D<00FF870007FFEF001FFFFF003F007F003C001F0078000F00F80007 00F8000700F8000700FC000700FF000000FFF800007FFFC0003FFFF0003FFFFC000FFFFE 0007FFFF0001FFFF80001FFF800000FFC000001FC060000FC0E00007C0E00007C0F00007 C0F8000780F8000F80FE000F00FF803E00FFFFFC00F3FFF800C07FC0001A207D9F21>I< 001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000007C0000007C0000 00FC000001FC000003FC000007FC00001FFC0000FFFFFF00FFFFFF00FFFFFF0003FC0000 03FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC0000 03FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC01C003FC01C003FC01C0 03FC01C003FC01C003FC01C003FC01C001FC038001FE038000FF0700007FFE00003FFC00 0007F0001A2E7FAD20>I<01F80003F000FFF801FFF000FFF801FFF000FFF801FFF0000F F8001FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007 F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007 F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007 F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8001FF00007F8001FF00003F8003FF00003F8006FF00001 FE03CFF80000FFFF8FFF80007FFF0FFF80000FFC0FFF8029207D9F2E>I121 D123 D E end %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup %%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi TeXDict begin %%EndSetup %%Page: 0 1 0 0 bop 170 315 a Fi(High)27 b(P)n(erformance)g(Computing)g(in)g(the)g (U.S.)h(in)857 407 y(1995)g({)164 498 y(An)d(Analysis)f(on)h(the)g (Basis)e(of)j(the)e(TOP500)j(List)790 585 y Fh(Jac)o(k)16 b(J.)g(Dongarra)645 645 y(Computer)g(Science)e(Departmen)o(t)723 705 y(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)g(of)i(T)l(ennessee)696 765 y(Kno)o(xville,)d (TN)j(37996-130)q(1)934 826 y(and)656 886 y(Mathematical)e(Science)h (Section)633 946 y(Oak)h(Ridge)g(National)g(Lab)q(oratory)683 1006 y(Oak)g(Ridge,)g(TN)g(37831-6367)752 1066 y(dongarra@cs.utk.edu) 934 1157 y(and)806 1247 y(Horst)h(D.)f(Simon)679 1307 y(Adv)m(anced)g(Systems)f(Division)590 1367 y(Silicon)g(Graphics)i (Computer)e(Systems)824 1427 y(Mail)g(Stop)i(580)632 1487 y(Moun)o(tain)f(View,)f(CA)h(94043-1389)770 1574 y(No)o(v)o(em)o(b)q(er)e(17,)i(1995)873 1657 y Fg(Abstract)354 1714 y Ff(In)f(1993)f(for)g(the)h(\014rst)g(time)g(a)f(list)i(of)e(the) h(top)f(500)g(sup)q(ercomputer)i(sites)286 1770 y(w)o(orldwide)h(has)f (b)q(een)i(made)e(a)o(v)m(ailable.)25 b(The)17 b(TOP500)e(list)i(allo)o (ws)g(a)f(m)o(uc)o(h)286 1827 y(more)i(detailed)i(and)f(w)o(ell)g (founded)h(analysis)f(of)f(the)h(state)e(of)i(high)g(p)q(erfor-)286 1883 y(mance)13 b(computing.)19 b(Previously)14 b(data)e(suc)o(h)h(as)g (the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(and)g(geograph-)286 1940 y(ical)21 b(distribution)g(of)f(sup)q(ercomputer)g(installations)h(w)o(ere)f (di\016cult)h(to)e(ob-)286 1996 y(tain,)e(and)g(only)g(a)g(few)g (analysts)f(underto)q(ok)h(the)g(e\013ort)f(to)g(trac)o(k)g(the)h (press)286 2053 y(releases)h(b)o(y)g(dozens)g(of)g(v)o(endors.)28 b(With)18 b(the)g(TOP500)f(rep)q(ort)g(no)o(w)h(gener-)286 2109 y(ally)j(and)g(easily)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)h(it)f(is)g(p)q(ossible)h (to)e(presen)o(t)g(an)h(analysis)g(of)f(the)286 2165 y(state)d(of)h(High)i(P)o(erformance)d(Computing)i(\(HPC\))e(in)j(the)e (U.S.)g(This)h(note)286 2222 y(summarizes)f(some)f(of)f(the)i(most)e (imp)q(ortan)o(t)h(observ)m(ations)h(ab)q(out)f(HPC)g(in)286 2278 y(the)e(U.S.)f(as)g(of)g(late)g(1995,)g(in)h(particular)g(the)g (con)o(tin)o(ued)g(dominance)h(of)e(the)286 2335 y(w)o(orld)20 b(mark)o(et)f(in)i(HPC)f(b)o(y)g(the)g(U.S,)f(the)h(mark)o(et)f(p)q (enetration)i(b)o(y)f(com-)286 2391 y(mo)q(dit)o(y)15 b(micropro)q(cessor)f(based)h(systems,)f(and)h(the)g(gro)o(wing)f (industrial)j(use)286 2448 y(of)e(sup)q(ercomputers.)p eop %%Page: 1 2 1 1 bop 164 315 a Fi(1)83 b(In)n(tro)r(duction)164 425 y Fh(The)16 b(rapid)h(transformation)f(of)h(the)f(high)g(p)q (erformance)g(computing)f(mark)o(et)f(in)i(the)164 485 y(U.S.)j(whic)o(h)h(b)q(egan)h(in)f(1994)i(con)o(tin)o(ued)e(at)g(an)h (accelerated)e(rate)i(in)f(1995.)35 b(With)164 545 y(the)20 b(in)o(tro)q(duction)g(of)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(erful)g(new)g(CMOS)g(micropro)q (cessors)g(suc)o(h)f(as)i(the)f(IBM)164 606 y(P)o(o)o(w)o(er2,)e(the)g (MIPS)f(R8000,)j(and)e(the)g(DEC)h(Alpha)e(pro)q(cessors,)j(sup)q (ercomputing)164 666 y(increasingly)15 b(has)i(mo)o(v)o(ed)c(to)k(CMOS) f(micropro)q(cessor)f(based)h(systems.)k(This)c(trend)164 726 y(con)o(tin)o(ued)f(in)h(1995.)237 786 y(1995)g(w)o(as)e(a)g (remark)m(able)e(y)o(ear)i(for)g(the)f(TOP500)j(in)d(t)o(w)o(o)h(resp)q (ects:)20 b(on)14 b(one)g(hand)164 846 y(almost)h(half)i(\(246\))g(of)f (all)g(mac)o(hines)e(on)j(the)f(TOP500)i(list)d(w)o(ere)h(installed)f (in)h(1995,)164 907 y(so)f(1995)h(w)o(as)e(a)h(y)o(ear)f(of)g(rapid)g (c)o(hange)h(and)f(turno)o(v)o(er)g(of)g(computer)f(equipmen)o(t.)18 b(On)164 967 y(the)i(other)h(hand,)h(there)e(w)o(as)h(a)g(remark)m (able)e(absence)i(of)g(new)f(pro)q(duct)i(in)o(tro)q(duc-)164 1027 y(tions.)f(The)14 b(new)h(Cra)o(y)f(T90,)i(whic)o(h)d(w)o(ould)i (ha)o(v)o(e)e(b)q(een)i(big)f(sup)q(ercomputer)g(news)h(a)164 1087 y(few)e(y)o(ears)f(ago,)i(made)e(barely)g(an)h(impression)e(on)j (the)e(TOP500)i(list)e(\(only)h(8)g(systems)164 1147 y(installed)18 b(in)h(1995\).)31 b(The)19 b(leading)f(arc)o(hitectures) g(\(IBM)g(SP-2,)i(SGI)f(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)f(Chal-)164 1207 y(lenge,)e(and)i(Cra)o(y)g(C90\))g(are)f(all)g(pre)g(1995,)i(and)e(had) h(already)f(signi\014can)o(t)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)164 1268 y(of)g(installations)f(in)g(past)h(editions)e(of)i(the)f(TOP500)i (list.)237 1328 y(Similarly)l(,)k(there)h(is)g(a)h(lac)o(k)e(of)i (\\massiv)o(ely")e(parallel)g(mac)o(hines.)41 b(The)24 b(total)164 1388 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)11 b(of)i(mac)o(hines)e(with)h(more) g(than)h(1024)i(pro)q(cessors)f(on)f(the)f(list)h(is)f(no)o(w)h(elev)o (en.)164 1448 y(All)g(of)j(these)e(elev)o(en)f(are)i(lo)q(cated)g(in)f (the)g(U.S.)g(Eigh)o(t)h(of)g(these)f(elev)o(en)f(mac)o(hines)g(are)164 1508 y(computers)k(made)f(b)o(y)i(TMC)g(\(one)g(CM-5)g(and)h(7)f (CM-200s\),)h(and)g(probably)f(w)o(on't)164 1569 y(b)q(e)d(replaced)f (b)o(y)g(similar)e(mac)o(hines,)h(since)h(TMC)h(is)f(out)h(of)g(the)g (hardw)o(are)g(business.)164 1629 y(There)f(are)g(another)g(10)h(mac)o (hines)d(with)i(pro)q(cessors)h(coun)o(ts)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(512)h (and)f(1023)164 1689 y(pro)q(cessors,)j(and)g(again)g(all)f(of)g(these) g(are)g(in)g(the)g(U.S.)f(as)i(w)o(ell.)237 1749 y(Th)o(us,)f(the)g (HPC)g(situation)h(in)f(the)g(U.S.)f(can)h(b)q(e)h(summarized)c(as)k (follo)o(ws:)237 1839 y Fe(\017)24 b Fh(a)16 b(few)f(massiv)o(ely)d (parallel)j(sup)q(ercomputers,)f(mainly)f(in)i(researc)o(h)g (institutes,)286 1900 y(based)e(on)h(message)e(passing,)i(using)g(1992) g(-)f(1994)i(tec)o(hnology)d(\(In)o(tel)g(P)o(aragon,)286 1960 y(TMC)k(CM-5,)h(Cra)o(y)f(T3D,)h(IBM)e(SP-2\);)237 2056 y Fe(\017)24 b Fh(a)15 b(fair,)g(but)g(shrinking)f(n)o(um)o(b)q (er)f(of)j(parallel)e(v)o(ector)f(mac)o(hines,)g(mostly)h(C90's,)286 2116 y(ab)q(out)j(ev)o(enly)e(spread)i(in)e(univ)o(ersities,)f(researc) o(h)i(institutes,)f(and)i(industry;)237 2212 y Fe(\017)24 b Fh(a)15 b(large)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)j(mo)q(derately)e(parallel)g (\(less)h(than)h(128)h(pro)q(cessors\))f(sup)q(er-)286 2272 y(computers)h(based)j(on)f(fast)g(commo)q(dit)o(y)d(micropro)q (cessors)j(\(IBM)e(SP-2,)j(SGI)286 2332 y(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)d(Challenge,)f (Con)o(v)o(ex)g(SPP\);)237 2422 y(The)h(w)o(orld)g(wide)g(mark)o(et)e (for)i(HPC)g(in)g(1993)h(w)o(as)g(estimated)d(to)j(b)q(e)f(ab)q(out)h ($2.4)164 2482 y(Billion,)k(with)h(o)o(v)o(erall)f(gro)o(wth)i(of)f (the)g(mark)o(et)e(b)o(y)h(v)o(ery)g(mo)q(dest)h(aggregate)h(rate)961 2607 y(1)p eop %%Page: 2 3 2 2 bop 273 345 a Fh(T)l(able)17 b(1:)k Fd(Commerical)15 b(HPC)20 b(V)-5 b(endors)19 b(in)f(the)g(U.S)h(\(late)f(1995\))p 164 465 1785 2 v 164 474 V 163 535 2 61 v 172 535 V 197 517 a Fh(Status)p 568 535 V 577 535 V 270 w(V)l(endors)p 1939 535 V 1948 535 V 164 536 1785 2 v 164 546 V 163 606 2 61 v 172 606 V 197 588 a(Out)e(of)h(business)p 568 606 V 577 606 V 75 w(Allian)o(t,)d(American)g(Sup)q(ercomputer,)h (Ametek,)e(Culler,)i(Cydrome,)p 1939 606 V 1948 606 V 163 667 V 172 667 V 568 667 V 577 667 V 602 649 a(Cra)o(y)h(Computer)g (Corp.,)g(Denelcor,)f(Elexsi,)p 1939 667 V 1948 667 V 163 727 V 172 727 V 568 727 V 577 727 V 602 709 a(Kendall)h(Square,)f (Multi\015o)o(w,)g(Myrias,)h(Prev)o(ec,)e(Prisma,)p 1939 727 V 1948 727 V 163 787 V 172 787 V 568 787 V 577 787 V 602 769 a(Saxp)o(y)l(,)i(SCS,)g(SSI\(2\),)g(T)l(rilogy)l(,)f(W)l(a)o (v)o(etracer)p 1939 787 V 1948 787 V 164 789 1785 2 v 163 849 2 61 v 172 849 V 197 831 a(Division)h(closed)p 568 849 V 577 849 V 86 w(Astronautics,)g(BBN,)f(CDC/ET)l(A)i(Systems,)d (E&S,)i(FPS)p 1939 849 V 1948 849 V 163 909 V 172 909 V 568 909 V 577 909 V 602 891 a(Go)q(o)q(dy)o(ear,)h(Gould,)f(Loral,)h (Vitesse)p 1939 909 V 1948 909 V 164 911 1785 2 v 163 971 2 61 v 172 971 V 197 953 a(Merged)p 568 971 V 577 971 V 246 w(Celerit)o(y)l(,)d(FPS,)i(Key)l(,)f(Sup)q(ertek,)g(Arden)o (t/Steller)p 1939 971 V 1948 971 V 164 973 1785 2 v 163 1033 2 61 v 172 1033 V 197 1015 a(Do)o(wn,)i(not)f(out)p 568 1033 V 577 1033 V 96 w(AMT\(Cam)o(bridge\),)e(CHoPP)l(,)i(Encore,)p 1939 1033 V 1948 1033 V 163 1093 V 172 1093 V 568 1093 V 577 1093 V 602 1075 a(Starden)o(t/Kub)q(ota,)h(Thinking)f(Mac)o (hines)p 1939 1093 V 1948 1093 V 164 1095 1785 2 v 163 1155 2 61 v 172 1155 V 197 1137 a(Curren)o(tly)f(activ)o(e)p 568 1155 V 577 1155 V 57 w(Con)o(v)o(ex/HP)l(,)g(Cra)o(y)h(Researc)o (h,)p 1939 1155 V 1948 1155 V 163 1215 V 172 1215 V 568 1215 V 577 1215 V 602 1197 a(F)l(ujitsu,)g(IBM,)e(In)o(tel,)h(nCUBE,)g (Meik)o(o,)p 1939 1215 V 1948 1215 V 163 1275 V 172 1275 V 568 1275 V 577 1275 V 602 1257 a(NEC,)h(P)o(arsytec,)f(SGI,)h(T)l (era)p 1939 1275 V 1948 1275 V 164 1277 1785 2 v 164 1287 V 164 1474 a(of)j(only)f(1.4\045)g(in)g(\014v)o(e)f(y)o(ears)h(un) o(til)f(1998.)29 b(These)18 b(pro)s(jections)g(imply)e(a)j(v)o(ery)e (\014erce)164 1534 y(comp)q(etition)d(also)h(in)g(the)g(future,)g (since)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(v)o(endors)g(in)g(this)g(relativ) o(ely)164 1594 y(small)c(mark)o(et)g(con)o(tin)o(ues)h(to)i(b)q(e)f(to) q(o)h(large.)20 b(This)13 b(can)g(seen)g(from)f(the)g(list)h(of)g(v)o (endors)164 1654 y(in)k(T)l(able)h(1,)g(whic)o(h)f(is)h(up)q(dated)g (from)f(Smab)o(y)f([11)q(].)25 b(The)18 b(consequences)f(of)h(suc)o(h)g (a)164 1714 y(large)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(v)o(endors)g(comp)q(eting) g(for)g(suc)o(h)g(a)h(small)e(\(but)h(highly)g(visible)e(and)164 1775 y(imp)q(ortan)o(t\))j(mark)o(et)f(are)i(widely)f(discussed)h([10)q (].)29 b(Compared)18 b(to)i(a)f(y)o(ear)g(ago)h(this)164 1835 y(table)h(has)h(three)e(companies)g(less)h(in)f(the)h(\\Curren)o (tly)g(activ)o(e")f(category)l(,)i(and)f(no)164 1895 y(serious)e(new)o(comers.)26 b(The)18 b(other)h(ma)s(jor)e(c)o(hange)i (w)o(as)g(the)f(acquisition)g(of)h(Con)o(v)o(ex)164 1955 y(b)o(y)d(HP)l(.)237 2015 y(A)o(t)e(the)g(same)g(time)e(the)i(federal)g (High)g(P)o(erformance)f(Computing)h(and)h(Comm)o(u-)164 2076 y(nications)k(Program)f(\(HPCCP\))h(is)g(winding)g(do)o(wn.)29 b(After)18 b(considerable)g(progress)164 2136 y(has)i(b)q(een)f(made)g (as)h(do)q(cumen)o(ted)d(in)i(the)h(famous)f(\\Blue)f(Bo)q(ok")j([4)o (])e(the)h(fo)q(cus)g(of)164 2196 y(federal)h(programs)i(has)f(shifted) g(more)f(to)o(w)o(ards)i(the)f(NI)q(I)f(\(National)h(Information)164 2256 y(Infrastructure\).)36 b(The)22 b(discussion)f(ab)q(out)i(HPC)e (in)g(the)h(commerc)o(ial)c(and)k(in)f(the)164 2316 y(go)o(v)o(ernmen)o (t)16 b(mark)o(et)g(place)i(con)o(tin)o(ues)f(to)i(b)q(e)f(based)h(on)g (b)q(eliefs)e(and)i(impressions,)164 2377 y(and)i(often)f(lac)o(ks)f (hard)i(data.)34 b(Claims)18 b(in)i(the)g(early)g(y)o(ears)f(of)i(the)f (HPCC)g(that)h(a)164 2437 y(T)l(era\015op/s)15 b(p)q(erformance)d(on)i (signi\014can)o(t)g(applications)f(will)f(come)g(to)i(pass)h(b)o(y)e (1996,)961 2607 y(2)p eop %%Page: 3 4 3 3 bop 164 315 a Fh(is)14 b(almost)g(certainly)f(not)h(going)h(to)g (happ)q(en.)22 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)12 b(this)i(w)o(as)h(the)f(wrong)h (metric)164 376 y(to)h(pursue)h(from)e(the)h(v)o(ery)f(b)q(eginning.)21 b(It)16 b(con)o(tin)o(ues)f(to)i(surprise)e(that)i(a)g(\014eld)e(suc)o (h)164 436 y(as)j(HPC)f(that)h(is)f(deemed)e(so)j(critically)d(imp)q (ortan)o(t)i(to)g(the)h(national)f(agenda)i(lac)o(ks)164 496 y(almost)c(completely)f(an)o(y)i(quan)o(titativ)o(e)e(assessmen)o (t)i(of)g(its)g(progress.)237 556 y(There)j(is)f(a)h(p)q(ossibilit)o(y) f(that)h(the)g(T\015op/s)h(lev)o(el)d(will)h(b)q(e)h(reac)o(hed)f(on)h (the)g(Lin-)164 616 y(pac)o(k)14 b(b)q(enc)o(hmark)f(in)h(1996.)23 b(A)14 b(co)q(op)q(erativ)o(e)g(agreemen)o(t)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h (Sandia)h(National)164 677 y(Lab)q(oratories)22 b(and)e(In)o(tel)e (will)h(result)g(in)h(the)f(installation)h(of)g(mac)o(hine)e(with)h (more)164 737 y(than)e(9000)h(pro)q(cessors)f(in)f(1996.)237 797 y(Before)d(in)o(v)o(estigating)g(some)g(of)h(the)g(data)g(in)g([7]) f(in)h(more)f(detail,)g(it)g(is)h(imp)q(ortan)o(t)164 857 y(to)f(understand)h(the)f(limitations)e(of)i(the)g(TOP500)h(study)l (.)21 b(These)13 b(limitations)e(can)i(b)q(e)164 917 y(summarized)h(in)j(the)g(past.)24 b(In)17 b(spite)g(of)g(these)g (inheren)o(t)f(limitations,)f(the)h(TOP500)164 978 y(rep)q(ort)21 b(can)f(pro)o(vide)g(extremely)d(useful)j(information,)g(and)h(v)m (aluable)f(insigh)o(ts.)33 b(It)164 1038 y(is)19 b(more)e(accurate)i (than)g(man)o(y)f(mark)o(eting)f(studies,)h(and)i(the)e(p)q(ossible)h (sources)h(of)164 1098 y(error)f(discussed)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(are)g (probably)g(statistically)f(insigni\014can)o(t,)g(if)h(w)o(e)f (consider)164 1158 y(only)j(summary)d(statistics,)k(and)f(not)h (individual)d(data.)37 b(All)19 b(M\015op/s)j(or)f(G\015op/s)164 1218 y(p)q(erformance)15 b(\014gures)i(here)e(refer)h(to)h(p)q (erformance)e(in)h(terms)e(of)j(Linpac)o(k)f Fc(Rmax)p Fh(.)237 1279 y(In)22 b(the)h(analysis)f(of)h(geographical)g (distribution,)h(mac)o(hines)c(in)j(Canada)h(ha)o(v)o(e)164 1339 y(b)q(een)16 b(included)g(in)g(the)g(\014gures)h(for)g(the)g (U.S.,)d(and)k(the)e(\014gures)h(for)g(Europ)q(e)g(include)164 1399 y(all)h(Europ)q(ean)i(coun)o(tries,)e(not)h(just)g(EC)g(mem)o(b)q (ers.)25 b(The)19 b(other)g(coun)o(try)f(category)164 1459 y(includes)12 b(mostly)g(coun)o(tries)h(of)g(the)h(P)o(aci\014c)e (Rim)g(with)h(the)g(exclusion)f(of)i(Japan,)g(and)164 1519 y(a)j(few)f(Latin)g(American)e(Coun)o(tries.)164 1686 y Fi(2)83 b(U.S.)27 b(Dominance)f(of)h(the)g(W)-7 b(orld)27 b(Wide)f(HPC)288 1777 y(Mark)n(et)164 1887 y Fh(The)19 b(TOP500)i(con)o(tin)o(ues)e(to)g(demonstrate)g(the)g (dominan)o(t)f(p)q(osition)i(the)f(U.S.)f(as-)164 1947 y(sumes)f(in)h(the)f(w)o(orld)h(b)q(oth)h(as)g(pro)q(ducer)f(and)h(as)g (consumer)e(of)h(high)g(p)q(erformance)164 2007 y(computers.)31 b(In)20 b(T)l(able)f(2)i(the)e(total)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(of)i (installed)f(systems)g(in)g(the)h(ma)s(jor)164 2067 y(w)o(orld)c (regions)h(is)f(giv)o(en)f(with)h(resp)q(ect)g(to)h(the)f(origin)g(of)g (the)g(computers.)237 2127 y(If)c(one)h(considers)f(in)h(T)l(able)f(2)h (the)f(coun)o(try)g(of)h(origin)g(then)f(it)g(is)h(striking)f(that)h (423)164 2187 y(out)i(of)f(the)g(TOP500)i(systems)d(are)i(pro)q(duced)f (in)g(the)g(U.S.,)f(whic)o(h)h(amoun)o(ts)g(to)g(85\045)164 2248 y(of)i(all)f(installed)g(systems.)20 b(Japan)c(accoun)o(ts)g(for)g (12\045)g(of)g(the)g(systems,)e(and)i(Europ)q(e)164 2308 y(pro)q(duces)i(only)f(3\045.)25 b(The)17 b(exten)o(t)f(of)i(the)f (American)e(dominance)h(of)i(the)f(mark)o(et)e(is)164 2368 y(quite)c(surprising,)i(and)f(has)h(b)q(een)f(ev)o(en)f (increasing)g(from)g(the)h(previous)g(rep)q(ort,)h(when)164 2428 y(the)j(U.S.)f(share)i(w)o(as)g(84\045.)23 b(F)l(or)16 b(y)o(ears,)g(in)g(particular)g(in)g(the)g(mid)f(80's,)i(there)f(w)o (ere)961 2607 y(3)p eop %%Page: 4 5 4 4 bop 180 342 a Fh(T)l(able)16 b(2:)22 b Fd(US)c(Share)h(of)g(T)-5 b(otal)19 b(Num)n(b)r(er)d(of)j(Installed)f(TOP500)h(Systems)p 332 411 1283 2 v 331 471 2 61 v 357 453 a Fh(Systems)p 739 471 V 748 471 V 349 w(Systems)14 b(Installed)i(In)p 1443 471 V 1452 471 V 164 w(T)l(otal)p 1614 471 V 331 532 V 357 514 a(Man)o(ufactured)g(In)p 739 532 V 748 532 V 58 w(U.S.)p 888 532 V 48 w(Japan)p 1065 532 V 51 w(Europ)q(e)p 1269 532 V 51 w(Other)p 1443 532 V 1452 532 V 1614 532 V 332 533 1283 2 v 332 543 V 331 603 2 61 v 357 585 a(U.S.)p 739 603 V 748 603 V 341 w(262)p 888 603 V 131 w(27)p 1065 603 V 131 w(116)p 1269 603 V 127 w(18)p 1443 603 V 1452 603 V 98 w(423)p 1614 603 V 331 664 V 357 646 a(Japan)p 739 664 V 748 664 V 355 w(5)p 888 664 V 130 w(45)p 1065 664 V 155 w(11)p 1269 664 V 151 w(1)p 1443 664 V 1452 664 V 122 w(62)p 1614 664 V 331 724 V 357 706 a(Europ)q(e)p 739 724 V 748 724 V 329 w(2)p 888 724 V 154 w(1)p 1065 724 V 155 w(12)p 1269 724 V 151 w(0)p 1443 724 V 1452 724 V 122 w(15)p 1614 724 V 332 725 1283 2 v 332 735 V 331 796 2 61 v 357 778 a(T)l(otal)p 739 796 V 748 796 V 321 w(269)p 888 796 V 131 w(73)p 1065 796 V 131 w(139)p 1269 796 V 127 w(19)p 1443 796 V 1452 796 V 98 w(500)p 1614 796 V 332 797 1283 2 v 164 984 a(ominous)11 b(and)i(ubiquitous)f(w)o (arnings)g(that)h(the)f(American)d(sup)q(ercomputer)i(industry)164 1044 y(\(whic)o(h)19 b(w)o(as)h(essen)o(tially)e(Cra)o(y)h(Researc)o(h) g(at)h(that)g(time\))d(is)i(highly)g(vulnerable)g(to)164 1104 y(an)h(\\attac)o(k")g(b)o(y)f(the)g(Japanese)h(v)o(ertically)d(in) o(tegrated)i(computer)f(gian)o(ts)i(F)l(ujitsu,)164 1165 y(NEC,)h(and)h(Hitac)o(hi.)34 b(Ob)o(viously)20 b(this)i(has)g(not)f (happ)q(ened.)37 b(Ho)o(w)21 b(m)o(uc)o(h)e(v)m(arious)164 1225 y(e\013orts)f(suc)o(h)g(as)g(the)f(NSF)g(Sup)q(ercomputing)g (Initiativ)o(e)e(in)i(the)h(mid)d(80's,)j(or)g(more)164 1285 y(recen)o(tly)12 b(the)h(HPCC)h(Program)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(con)o (tributed)g(to)h(the)f(curren)o(t)g(v)m(ast)i(sup)q(eriorit)o(y)164 1345 y(of)e(the)f(U.S.)g(high)h(p)q(erformance)e(computing)h(industry)l (,)h(remains)e(to)i(b)q(e)g(in)o(v)o(estigated.)164 1405 y(It)i(is)h(in)o(teresting)e(to)i(note)g(that)h(one)e(view)g(expressed) h(outside)f(the)h(U.S.)e([13)q(])h(is)g(that)164 1466 y(strengthening)h(the)f(U.S.)g(HPC)g(industry)h(and)g(easing)g(the)g (transition)g(to)g(MPP)f(w)o(as)164 1526 y(the)h Fb(only)h Fh(rationale)f(for)g(the)g(HPCC)h(Program.)237 1586 y(The)g(n)o(um)o(b) q(ers)e(for)h(Europ)q(e)i(are)e(actually)g(b)q(etter)g(than)h(last)g(y) o(ear)f(\(15)h(mac)o(hines)164 1646 y(in)11 b(No)o(v.)19 b(95)13 b(v)o(ersus)e(12)i(mac)o(hines)d(in)h(June)h('95\).)20 b(This)12 b(situation)g(is)g(probably)g(not)g(go-)164 1706 y(ing)18 b(to)f(c)o(hange,)h(since)e(one)i(of)g(the)f(remaining)f (t)o(w)o(o)h(Europ)q(ean)i(v)o(endors)e(\(P)o(arsytec\))164 1767 y(will)k(no)i(longer)f(fo)q(cus)h(on)f(the)g(HPC)g(mark)o(et.)37 b(With)22 b(lac)o(k)f(of)i(imm)o(ediate)c(access)164 1827 y(to)j(the)g(new)o(est)f(hardw)o(are,)j(and)e(the)g(absence)f(of)i (the)e(close)h(in)o(teraction)e(of)j(users)164 1887 y(with)15 b(v)o(endors)g(as)h(is)f(prev)m(alen)o(t)g(in)g(the)g(U.S.,)f(the)h(b)q (est)g(the)g(Europ)q(ean)i(High)e(P)o(erfor-)164 1947 y(mance)g(Computing)i(and)h(Net)o(w)o(orking)d(Initiativ)o(e)g(can)i (accomplish)f(is)h(main)o(taining)164 2007 y(the)g(status)i(quo)f(of)f (Europ)q(e)i(as)f(a)g(distan)o(t)f(third)h(in)f(high)h(p)q(erformance)e (computing)164 2068 y(tec)o(hnologies.)237 2128 y(T)l(able)j(3)h(is)f (analogous)i(to)f(T)l(able)f(2,)h(but)g(instead)f(of)g(the)g(n)o(um)o (b)q(er)f(of)i(systems,)164 2188 y(the)c(aggregate)h(p)q(erformance)e (in)g Fc(Rmax)p Fh(-G\015op/s)i(is)f(listed.)k(T)l(able)c(3)h (demonstrates)164 2248 y(a)22 b(truly)g(astounding)h(ev)o(en)o(t)d(in)i (1995:)34 b(within)21 b(six)h(mon)o(ths)f(the)g(total)h(n)o(um)o(b)q (er)f(of)164 2308 y(installed)f(G\015op/s)h(in)g(the)f(U.S.)f (increased)h(from)f(1392)j(G\015op/s)g(in)e(June)h(to)f(2660)164 2368 y(G\015op/s)g(in)f(No)o(v)o(em)o(b)q(er)d(1995.)31 b(This)19 b(is)f(an)i(increase)e(of)h(92\045)h(in)e(only)h(six)f(mon)o (ths.)164 2429 y(A)o(t)g(the)g(same)g(time)f(gro)o(wth)i(in)f(other)h (regions)g(w)o(as)g(substan)o(tial)g(but)g(not)h(quite)d(as)961 2607 y(4)p eop %%Page: 5 6 5 5 bop 164 345 a Fh(T)l(able)16 b(3:)21 b Fd(US)d(Share)g(of)g(T)-5 b(otal)18 b(Rmax)f(\(in)g(G\015op/s\))h(of)g(Installed)f(TOP500)164 405 y(Systems.)p 329 474 1290 2 v 328 534 2 61 v 354 516 a Fh(Systems)p 735 534 V 744 534 V 352 w(Systems)d(Installed)i(In)p 1447 534 V 1456 534 V 168 w(T)l(otal)p 1617 534 V 328 595 V 354 577 a(Man)o(ufactured)g(In)p 735 595 V 744 595 V 64 w(U.S.)p 891 595 V 49 w(Japan)p 1069 595 V 51 w(Europ)q(e)p 1272 595 V 50 w(Other)p 1447 595 V 1456 595 V 1617 595 V 329 596 1290 2 v 329 606 V 328 666 2 61 v 354 648 a(U.S.)p 735 666 V 744 666 V 323 w(2581)p 891 666 V 107 w(198)p 1069 666 V 131 w(675)p 1272 666 V 127 w(88)p 1447 666 V 1456 666 V 74 w(3542)p 1617 666 V 328 727 V 354 709 a(Japan)p 735 727 V 744 727 V 337 w(69)p 891 727 V 81 w(1030)p 1069 727 V 157 w(72)p 1272 727 V 150 w(3)p 1447 727 V 1456 727 V 74 w(1174)p 1617 727 V 328 787 V 354 769 a(Europ)q(e)p 735 787 V 744 787 V 311 w(10)p 891 787 V 154 w(5)p 1069 787 V 156 w(55)p 1272 787 V 150 w(0)p 1447 787 V 1456 787 V 123 w(70)p 1617 787 V 329 788 1290 2 v 329 798 V 328 859 2 61 v 354 841 a(T)l(otal)p 735 859 V 744 859 V 303 w(2660)p 891 859 V 82 w(1234)p 1069 859 V 132 w(801)p 1272 859 V 127 w(91)p 1447 859 V 1456 859 V 74 w(4786)p 1617 859 V 329 860 1290 2 v 164 1047 a(high:)35 b(from)22 b(709)i(G\015op/s)h (to)e(1234)i(G\015op/s)f(or)g(74\045)f(in)g(Japan,)i(and)f(from)e(457) 164 1107 y(G\015op/s)c(to)g(801)g(G\015op/s)g(or)f(75\045)h(in)e(Europ) q(e.)24 b(What)17 b(is)g(more)f(astounding)i(is)e(that)164 1167 y(this)g(gro)o(wth)h(did)e(not)i(happ)q(en)g(b)o(y)e(installing)h (a)g(few)g(v)o(ery)f(large)h(mac)o(hines.)j(Instead)164 1228 y(a)j(large)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)i(mac)o(hines)d(w)o(ere)i (installed,)h(whic)o(h)e(no)o(w)i(o)q(ccup)o(y)f(medium)e(to)164 1288 y(lo)o(w)o(er)e(ranks)i(on)g(the)e(TOP500)j(list.)27 b(One)17 b(conclusion)h(from)f(this)i(data)g(is)f(that)g(the)164 1348 y(HPCC)12 b(initiativ)o(e)e(in)i(the)f(U.S.)g(has)i(succeeded)e (in)g(the)h(sense)g(that)h(the)e(infrastructure)164 1408 y(for)19 b(HPC)g(is)f(dramatically)f(c)o(hanging.)29 b(A)18 b(large)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)i(institutions)f(no)o(w)h(has)164 1468 y(access)h(to)g(G\015op/s)h(lev)o(el)d(computing)g(for)i(mac)o (hines)e(whic)o(h)h(cost)h(not)h(m)o(uc)o(h)c(more)164 1529 y(than)d($)f(1M.)g(Only)g(\014v)o(e)f(y)o(ears)h(ago)i(this)e (compute)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(w)o(as)h(accessible)e(only)h(to)g(the)164 1589 y(elite)i(few)h(institutions)g(b)q(eing)h(able)f(to)h(sp)q(end)g (tens)g(of)g(milli)o(ons)e(of)h(dollars.)23 b(W)l(e)16 b(can)164 1649 y(an)o(ticipate)11 b(exciting)f(times)g(for)i(HPC:)f (more)g(and)h(more)f(p)q(eople)g(in)h(the)f(U.S.)g(will)g(ha)o(v)o(e) 164 1709 y(access)20 b(to)g(inexp)q(ensiv)o(e)e(computational)h(mo)q (deling)g(to)q(ols.)33 b(It)20 b(will)f(b)q(e)h(w)o(orth)o(while)164 1769 y(to)e(examine)e(what)j(this)f(rev)o(olution)f(will)g(do)h(to)h (economic)d(pro)q(ductivit)o(y)h(measures)164 1830 y(suc)o(h)f(as)h (the)f(GDP)h(in)f(the)g(U.S.)237 1890 y(In)d(an)h(in)o(ternational)f (comparison)g(one)h(should)g(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)e(also)i(consider)g(the)f (rela-)164 1950 y(tiv)o(e)e(size)h(of)h(coun)o(tries)f(and)h(their)f (economies.)18 b(Here)11 b(w)o(e)h(presen)o(t)g(a)h(new)g(TOP500)h(set) 164 2010 y(of)j(statistics.)24 b(In)17 b(T)l(able)g(4)g(w)o(e)g(list)f (the)h(a)h(measure)e(of)h(the)g(sup)q(ercomputer)f(densit)o(y)164 2070 y(b)o(y)g(ranking)g(the)g(top)h(ten)e(coun)o(tries)h(with)g(the)g (highest)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)j(sup)q(ercomputer)164 2130 y(p)q(er)j(capita.)32 b(P)o(opulation)20 b(date)g(are)g(from)e (the)i(\\In)o(teractiv)o(e)d(3D)k(A)o(tlas")e(and)i(date)164 2191 y(from)15 b(1992.)237 2251 y(T)l(able)20 b(4)h(sho)o(ws)g(that)g (on)g(an)f(in)o(ternational)g(comparison)g(most)f(industrialized)164 2311 y(coun)o(tries)e(are)h(pro)o(viding)f(ab)q(out)i(one)f(sup)q (ercomputer)f(p)q(er)h(1)g(-)g(2.5)g(million)d(inhab-)164 2371 y(itan)o(ts.)33 b(The)20 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(US)g (installations)g(is)g(no)h(longer)f(that)h(dramatically)d(dif-)164 2431 y(feren)o(t)d(from)g(the)h(rest)g(of)h(industrialized)e(coun)o (tries.)20 b(It)c(should)h(b)q(e)f(men)o(tioned)e(that)961 2607 y(5)p eop %%Page: 6 7 6 6 bop 195 813 a Fh(T)l(able)16 b(4:)22 b Fd(P)n(opulation)d(\(in)f (thousands\))i(p)r(er)d(TOP500)i(sup)r(ercomputer.)p 164 933 1667 2 v 163 993 2 61 v 189 975 a Fh(Coun)o(try)p 469 993 V 207 w(P)o(opulation)p 829 993 V 158 w(Num)o(b)q(er)c(of)p 1214 993 V 1223 993 V 58 w(P)o(opulation)i(\(in)e(thousands\))p 1830 993 V 163 1054 V 469 1054 V 495 1035 a(\(in)h(thousands\))p 829 1054 V 51 w(TOP500)i(en)o(tries)p 1214 1054 V 1223 1054 V 206 w(p)q(er)e(Sup)q(ercomputer)p 1830 1054 V 164 1055 1667 2 v 163 1115 2 61 v 189 1097 a(Switzerland)p 469 1115 V 254 w(6,813)p 829 1115 V 362 w(9)p 1214 1115 V 1223 1115 V 544 w(757)p 1830 1115 V 163 1176 V 189 1158 a(Singap)q(ore)p 469 1176 V 295 w(2,769)p 829 1176 V 362 w(3)p 1214 1176 V 1223 1176 V 544 w(923)p 1830 1176 V 163 1236 V 189 1218 a(USA)p 469 1236 V 355 w(255,200)p 829 1236 V 314 w(261)p 1214 1236 V 1223 1236 V 544 w(978)p 1830 1236 V 163 1296 V 189 1278 a(Denmark)p 469 1296 V 307 w(5,158)p 829 1296 V 362 w(4)p 1214 1296 V 1223 1296 V 519 w(1290)p 1830 1296 V 163 1356 V 189 1338 a(Norw)o(a)o(y)p 469 1356 V 341 w(4,288)p 829 1356 V 362 w(3)p 1214 1356 V 1223 1356 V 519 w(1429)p 1830 1356 V 163 1416 V 189 1398 a(Finland)p 469 1416 V 339 w(5,008)p 829 1416 V 362 w(3)p 1214 1416 V 1223 1416 V 519 w(1669)p 1830 1416 V 163 1477 V 189 1458 a(German)o(y)p 469 1477 V 283 w(80,250)p 829 1477 V 338 w(48)p 1214 1477 V 1223 1477 V 519 w(1672)p 1830 1477 V 163 1537 V 189 1519 a(Netherlands)p 469 1537 V 223 w(15,160)p 829 1537 V 362 w(9)p 1214 1537 V 1223 1537 V 519 w(1684)p 1830 1537 V 163 1597 V 189 1579 a(Japan)p 469 1597 V 329 w(124,500)p 829 1597 V 338 w(73)p 1214 1597 V 1223 1597 V 519 w(1705)p 1830 1597 V 163 1657 V 189 1639 a(Hong)h(Kong)p 469 1657 V 262 w(5,800)p 829 1657 V 362 w(3)p 1214 1657 V 1223 1657 V 519 w(1933)p 1830 1657 V 163 1717 V 189 1699 a(Sw)o(eden)p 469 1717 V 345 w(8,652)p 829 1717 V 362 w(4)p 1214 1717 V 1223 1717 V 519 w(2163)p 1830 1717 V 163 1778 V 189 1759 a(F)l(rance)p 469 1778 V 338 w(57,180)p 829 1778 V 338 w(25)p 1214 1778 V 1223 1778 V 519 w(2287)p 1830 1778 V 163 1838 V 189 1820 a(Austria)p 469 1838 V 345 w(7,776)p 829 1838 V 362 w(3)p 1214 1838 V 1223 1838 V 519 w(2592)p 1830 1838 V 163 1898 V 189 1880 a(UK)p 469 1898 V 405 w(57,700)p 829 1898 V 338 w(17)p 1214 1898 V 1223 1898 V 519 w(3394)p 1830 1898 V 163 1958 V 189 1940 a(Canada)p 469 1958 V 319 w(27,370)p 829 1958 V 362 w(8)p 1214 1958 V 1223 1958 V 519 w(3421)p 1830 1958 V 164 1960 1667 2 v 961 2607 a(6)p eop %%Page: 7 8 7 7 bop 368 345 a Fh(T)l(able)16 b(5:)22 b Fd(Arc)n(hitecture)c(\(in)g (n)n(um)n(b)r(er)g(of)g(installations\).)p 571 417 805 2 v 570 477 2 61 v 596 459 a Fh(Region)p 898 477 V 907 477 V 189 w(MPP)p 1067 477 V 50 w(SMP)p 1222 477 V 50 w(PVP)p 1375 477 V 571 479 805 2 v 570 539 2 61 v 596 521 a(U.S./Canada)p 898 539 V 907 539 V 97 w(155)p 1067 539 V 107 w(74)p 1222 539 V 105 w(40)p 1375 539 V 570 599 V 596 581 a(share)p 898 599 V 907 599 V 247 w(58\045)p 1067 599 V 65 w(27\045)p 1222 599 V 64 w(15\045)p 1375 599 V 571 601 805 2 v 570 661 2 61 v 596 643 a(W)l(orldwide)p 898 661 V 907 661 V 146 w(284)p 1067 661 V 83 w(110)p 1222 661 V 80 w(106)p 1375 661 V 570 721 V 596 703 a(share)p 898 721 V 907 721 V 247 w(57\045)p 1067 721 V 65 w(22\045)p 1222 721 V 64 w(21\045)p 1375 721 V 571 723 805 2 v 164 910 a(the)d(among)h(the)f(ma)s(jor)g(industrialized)f(nations)j(the)e (big)h(anomaly)f(with)g(resp)q(ect)h(to)164 970 y(sup)q(ercomputing)g (usage)h(is)f(Italy)l(.)k(In)c(Italy)f(there)h(is)g(only)g(one)h(sup)q (ercomputer)e(p)q(er)164 1030 y(9.6)i(milli)o(on)d(inhabitan)o(ts,)i (far)h(b)q(elo)o(w)f(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)j(all)f(other)g(w)o (estern)g(Europ)q(ean)164 1090 y(coun)o(tries.)164 1256 y Fi(3)83 b(Mark)n(et)18 b(P)n(enetration)g(b)n(y)f(T)-7 b(ec)n(hnology)18 b(and)g(Ar-)288 1348 y(c)n(hitecture)164 1457 y Fh(The)h(p)q(enetration)g(of)f(the)h(sup)q(ercomputer)e(mark)o (et)g(b)o(y)h(micropro)q(cessor)g(based)h(su-)164 1518 y(p)q(ercomputers)d(and)i(the)f(increased)g(use)g(of)h(SMPs)g(and)f (arra)o(ys)h(of)g(SMP)f(is)g(another)164 1578 y(often)e(debated)g (trend.)20 b(The)15 b(trend)g(to)o(w)o(ards)g(commo)q(dit)o(y)d(CMOS)j (is)g(no)o(w)g(\014rmly)e(es-)164 1638 y(tablished.)21 b(In)14 b(T)l(able)h(5)h(w)o(e)f(presen)o(t)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f (of)h(installations)g(for)h(the)f(di\013eren)o(t)164 1698 y(mac)o(hine)e(arc)o(hitectures)i(used)h(among)f(the)h(TOP500,)h (b)q(oth)f(w)o(orld-wide)g(and)g(in)f(the)164 1758 y(US/Canada.)237 1818 y(In)24 b(1994)i(MPPs)f(mo)o(v)o(ed)d(ahead)j(of)f(PVP)h(and)g (are)f(no)o(w)h(clearly)e(the)h(largest)164 1879 y(arc)o(hitectural)d (category)l(,)j(b)q(oth)g(in)e(the)h(US)f(and)h(w)o(orldwide.)40 b(SGI)23 b(made)e(a)i(v)o(ery)164 1939 y(strong)15 b(sho)o(wing)g(in)e (the)h(SMP)g(category)g(with)g(installing)f(54)i(new)f(mac)o(hines)e (in)h(1994)164 1999 y(alone.)20 b(In)12 b(1995)j(SMP)d(systems)g(for)h (the)f(\014rst)h(time)d(surpassed)k(also)f(PVP)g(w)o(orldwide.)164 2059 y(This)i(trend)g(is)g(ev)o(en)f(more)g(clearly)g(visible)g(in)g (the)h(US.)g(The)g(share)g(of)h(SMP)f(systems)164 2119 y(in)h(the)h(US)f(is)h(5\045)g(higher)f(than)h(w)o(orld)g(wide.)22 b(With)17 b(other)f(v)o(endors)h(considering)g(or)164 2180 y(announcing)f(to)f(en)o(ter)f(the)g(SMP)h(mark)o(et)e(\(DEC)j (and)f(HP\),)f(this)h(app)q(ears)h(to)f(b)q(e)g(the)164 2240 y(next)g(signi\014can)o(t)g(trend.)21 b(Ov)o(er)15 b(the)g(next)g(y)o(ear)g(w)o(e)g(can)h(exp)q(ect)e(CMOS)i(based)g(SMP) 164 2300 y(systems)f(to)i(replace)e(a)i(signi\014can)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q (er)g(of)i(older)e(PVP)i(systems.)961 2607 y(7)p eop %%Page: 8 9 8 8 bop 164 315 a Fi(4)83 b(Conclusions)164 425 y Fh(The)22 b(analysis)g(of)g(the)f(data)i(pro)o(vided)e(b)o(y)g(the)g(TOP500)j (rep)q(ort)e(has)g(led)f(us)h(to)h(a)164 485 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)j(conclusions)f(concerning)f(the)h(state)h(of)f(HPC)g(in)g(the)g (U.S.)e(at)j(the)f(end)g(of)164 545 y(1995.)23 b(Some)15 b(of)h(these)g(conclusions)h(are:)237 633 y Fe(\017)24 b Fh(The)14 b(U.S.)f(is)h(the)g(clear)f(w)o(orld)h(leader)f(b)q(oth)i (as)g(pro)q(ducer)f(and)h(as)g(consumer)e(of)286 693 y(high)19 b(p)q(erformance)f(computers.)29 b(This)20 b(leadership)e(p)q(osition)i(has)g(b)q(een)f(ev)o(en)286 753 y(more)c(strengthened)h(in)g(1995.)237 849 y Fe(\017)24 b Fh(Micropro)q(cessor)11 b(based)g(sup)q(ercomputers)f(are)h(ab)q(out) h(to)g(bring)f(a)g(ma)s(jor)f(c)o(hange)286 909 y(in)17 b(the)g(accessibilit)o(y)e(and)j(a\013ordabilit)o(y)g(of)f(sup)q (ercomputers.)24 b(The)18 b(installed)286 969 y(base)g(of)h(sup)q (ercomputer)e(G\015op/s)i(almost)e(doubled)i(in)e(the)h(last)g(six)g (mon)o(ths)286 1029 y(of)h(1995)h(in)e(the)h(US.)e(This)i(increase)f (is)g(due)h(to)g(a)g(large)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)i(medium)286 1089 y(to)h(small)e(installations)h(of)h(mac)o(hines)e(based)i(on)g (the)f(IBM)g(P)o(o)o(w)o(er2)g(and)h(the)286 1150 y(SGI/MIPS)c(R8000)i (pro)q(cessors.)237 1245 y Fe(\017)24 b Fh(MPPs)18 b(no)o(w)g(accoun)o (t)g(for)g(more)f(that)h(half)g(of)g(all)g(installed)f(sup)q (ercomputers)286 1305 y(w)o(orldwide)h(and)i(in)e(the)h(US.)f(Mark)o (et)g(p)q(enetration)h(b)o(y)g(MPPs)g(w)o(orldwide)f(is)286 1365 y(no)o(w)c(at)g(the)g(same)f(lev)o(el)f(as)i(the)g(US.)f(SMP)h (system)e(are)i(used)g(more)f(frequen)o(tly)286 1425 y(in)e(the)g(US)g(than)h(w)o(orldwide.)19 b(This)12 b(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i (an)g(indication)e(of)i(a)g(trend)f(to)o(w)o(ards)286 1485 y(replacing)16 b(older)f(PVP)i(systems)e(with)h(SMP)g(systems.)237 1573 y(Generally)g(the)g(TOP500)j(list)d(has)h(pro)o(v)o(en)g(itself)e (to)i(b)q(e)g(an)h(extremely)13 b(v)m(aluable)164 1633 y(to)q(ol)k(for)f(ev)m(aluating)g(trends)h(in)e(the)h(HPC)g(mark)o(et.) k(F)l(uture)15 b(releases)h(of)g(this)g(rep)q(ort)164 1693 y(should)j(enable)g(the)f(HPC)h(comm)o(unit)n(y)d(to)j(trac)o(k)f (imp)q(ortan)o(t)g(dev)o(elopmen)o(ts)e(m)o(uc)o(h)164 1754 y(more)f(accurately)g(than)i(in)f(the)g(past.)164 1917 y Fi(References)188 2026 y Fh([1])24 b(J.)17 b(Almond,)e(M.)i (Heib,)e(S.)i(Jarre,)g(E.)g(Krause,)g(R.)g(R)q(\177)-26 b(uhle,)17 b(H.)f(Simon,)g(and)i(H.-)264 2086 y(M.)h(W)l(ac)o(k)o(er.) 31 b(Erleb)q(en)20 b(die)f(V)l(ectorrec)o(hner)f(eine)h(Renaisssance?) 46 b(pages)21 b(218)264 2147 y(-)i(238,)i(Sup)q(ercomputer)c('94,)j (Editor)f(H.-)f(W.)g(Meuer,)h(K.)e(G.)i(Saur)g(V)l(erlag,)264 2207 y(Munic)o(h,)15 b(New)h(Pro)o(vidence,)e(London,)j(P)o(aris,)f (1994.)188 2302 y([2])24 b(D.)18 b(H.)f(Bailey)l(,)f(E.)h(Barszcz,)g (L.)h(Dagum,)f(and)h(H.)f(D.)h(Simon.)24 b(The)18 b(NAS)e(P)o(ar-)264 2362 y(allel)f(Benc)o(hmarks:)k(Review)c(and)h(Curren)o(t)g(Results)21 b(pages)c(164)g(-)g(182,)f(Sup)q(er-)264 2422 y(computer)i('94,)h (Editor)g(H.-)g(W.)f(Meuer,)h(K.)f(G.)h(Saur)h(V)l(erlag,)e(Munic)o(h,) g(New)264 2482 y(Pro)o(vidence,)d(London,)i(P)o(aris,)f(1994.)961 2607 y(8)p eop %%Page: 9 10 9 9 bop 188 315 a Fh([3])24 b(D.)16 b(H.)f(Bailey)l(,)f(J.)i(Barton,)g (T.)g(Lasinski,)f(and)i(H.)e(Simon)g(\(editors\).)21 b(The)16 b(NAS)264 376 y(parallel)i(b)q(enc)o(hmarks.)27 b(T)l(ec)o(hnical)17 b(Rep)q(ort)i(103863,)i(NASA)d(Ames)f(Researc)o(h) 264 436 y(Cen)o(ter,)e(Mo\013ett)i(Field,)d(CA)i(94035,)i(July)e(1993.) 188 538 y([4])24 b(Committee)13 b(on)j(Ph)o(ysical,)f(Mathematical,)e (and)k(Engineering)e(Sciences.)k Fb(High)264 598 y(Performanc)n(e)g (Computing)h(and)g(Communic)n(ations:)26 b(T)l(owar)n(d)18 b(a)h(National)h(In-)264 658 y(formation)27 b(Infr)n(astructur)n(e)p Fh(.)53 b(O\016ce)26 b(of)i(Science)e(And)h(T)l(ec)o(hnology)g(P)o (olicy)l(,)264 718 y(W)l(ashington,)17 b(D.C.,)d(1994.)22 b(\(a)o(v)m(ailable)14 b(via)h(Mosaic)h(from)e(the)h(National)g(Co)q (or-)264 778 y(dination)i(O\016ce)e(for)h(HPCC,)g(URL)h Fa(http://ww)o(w.)o(hpc)o(c.g)o(ov/)o Fh(\).)188 880 y([5])24 b(Congress)15 b(of)f(the)g(United)e(States,)i(CBO.)j (Promoting)d(high)f(p)q(erformance)g(com-)264 940 y(puting)f(and)g (comm)o(unic)o(ations.)f(T)l(ec)o(hnical)f(Rep)q(ort)i(ISBN)f (0-16-041828)q(-3,)k(U.S.)264 1000 y(Go)o(v)o(ernmen)o(t)f(Prin)o(ting) h(O\016ce,)g(Mail)g(Stop)i(SSOP)l(,)f(W)l(ashington)h(D.C.)f(20402-)264 1061 y(9328,)i(June)e(1993.)188 1162 y([6])24 b(J.)14 b(J.)g(Dongarra.)20 b(P)o(erformance)13 b(of)i(v)m(arious)g(computers)e (using)i(standard)h(linear)264 1222 y(equations)21 b(soft)o(w)o(are.)35 b(T)l(ec)o(hnical)20 b(Rep)q(ort)h(CS-89-85,)j(Departmen)o(t)19 b(of)i(Com-)264 1283 y(puter)16 b(Science,)f(Univ.)f(of)j(T)l (ennessee,)e(No)o(v)o(em)o(b)q(er)f(1993.)188 1384 y([7])24 b(J.)17 b(J.)g(Dongarra,)i(H.)d(W.)h(Meuer,)f(and)i(E.)f(Strohmeier.)22 b(TOP)17 b(500)h(sup)q(ercom-)264 1445 y(puter)e(sites.)k(T)l(ec)o (hnical)15 b(Rep)q(ort)h(R)o(UM)f(40/94,)i(Computing)e(Cen)o(tre,)g (Univ.)g(of)264 1505 y(Mannheim,)f(68131)k(Mannheim,)d(German)o(y)l(,)f (No)o(v)o(em)o(b)q(er)f(1994.)188 1606 y([8])24 b(General)11 b(Accoun)o(ting)g(O\016ce.)i(High)e(p)q(erformance)f(computing:)18 b(Adv)m(anced)11 b(Re-)264 1667 y(searc)o(h)j(Pro)s(jects)f(Agency)g (should)h(do)h(more)d(to)i(foster)g(program)g(goals.)k(T)l(ec)o(hni-) 264 1727 y(cal)d(Rep)q(ort)h(GA)o(O-IMTEC-93-24,)h(United)d(States)i (GA)o(O,)e(W)l(ashington,)i(D.C.)264 1787 y(20548,)i(Ma)o(y)e(1993.)188 1889 y([9])24 b(Alan)19 b(H.)f(Karp,)i(Don)g(Heller,)d(and)j(Horst)g (Simon.)28 b(1994)21 b(Gordon)f(Bell)e(Prize)264 1949 y(winners.)j Fb(IEEE)d(Computer)p Fh(,)d(28\(1\),)i(Jan)o(uary)g(1995.) 164 2051 y([10])24 b(H.)16 b(D.)h(Simon.)k(High)16 b(p)q(erformance)g (computing:)21 b(Arc)o(hitecture,)14 b(soft)o(w)o(are,)j(al-)264 2111 y(gorithms.)e(T)l(ec)o(hnical)c(Rep)q(ort)i(RNR-93-018,)i(NASA)c (Ames)g(Researc)o(h)h(Cen)o(ter,)264 2171 y(Mo\013ett)17 b(Field,)d(CA)i(94035,)i(Decem)o(b)q(er)c(1993.)164 2273 y([11])24 b(G.)16 b(P)l(.)f(Smab)o(y)l(.)20 b(Crystal)15 b(balls)h(and)h(rearview)e(mirrors:)k(A)d(w)o(all)f(street)g(view)g(on) 264 2333 y(sup)q(ercomputing.)31 b(P)o(arallel)18 b(Computing)h(in)h (the)f(90s)i(Seminar)d(presen)o(ted)h(at)264 2393 y(NASA)c(Ames)g (Researc)o(h)g(Cen)o(ter,)g(Jan)o(uary)i(1992.)961 2607 y(9)p eop %%Page: 10 11 10 10 bop 164 315 a Fh([12])24 b(B.)d(T)l(ra)o(v)o(erstat)g(and)i(D.)e (McNab.)37 b(Acceptance)20 b(test)i(for)g(the)f(In)o(tel)f(P)o(aragon) 264 376 y(XP/S15.)g(T)l(ec)o(hnical)13 b(Rep)q(ort)j(RND-94-004,)g (NASA)e(Ames)f(Researc)o(h)h(Cen)o(ter,)264 436 y(Mo\013ett)j(Field,)d (CA)i(94035,)i(F)l(ebruary)e(1994.)164 538 y([13])24 b(Hans-Martin)18 b(W)l(ac)o(k)o(er.)24 b(The)18 b(Europ)q(ean)h(HPC)f (initiativ)o(e.)23 b(In)17 b(H.-W.)g(Meuer,)264 598 y(editor,)24 b Fb(Sup)n(er)n(c)n(omputer)e('92)p Fh(,)i(pages)f(239)h({)f(239,)i (Berlin,)d(Heidelb)q(erg,)g(New)264 658 y(Y)l(ork,)16 b(1992.)h(Springer)f(V)l(erlag.)949 2607 y(10)p eop %%Trailer end userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if %%EOF .