COL(1)

NAME
col - filter reverse line feeds from input

SYNOPSIS
col [options]

DESCRIPTION
col filters out reverse (and half-reverse) line feeds so the output is in the correct order with only forward and half-forward line feeds, and replaces white-space characters with tabs where possible. This can be useful in processing the output of nroff(1) and tbl(1).

col reads from standard input and writes to standard output.

OPTIONS

-b, --no-backspaces
    Do not output any backspaces, printing only the last character written to each column position.

-f, --fine
    Forward half line feeds are permitted fine mode. Normally characters printed on a half-line boundary are printed on the following line.

-p, --pass
    Force unknown control sequences to be passed through unchanged. Normally, col will filter out any control sequences from the input other than those recognized and interpreted by itself, which are listed below.

-h, --tabs
    Output tabs instead of multiple spaces.

-x, --spaces
    Output multiple spaces instead of tabs.

-l, --lines number
    Buffer at least number lines in memory. By default, 128 lines are buffered.

-V, --version
    Output version information and exit.

-H, --help
    Output help and exit.

NOTES
The control sequences for carriage motion that col understands and their decimal values are listed in the following table:

    ESC-7
        reverse line feed (escape then 7)
    ESC-8
        half reverse line feed (escape then 8)
    ESC-9
        half forward line feed (escape then 9)
    backspace
        moves back one column (8); ignored in the first column
    newline
        forward line feed (10); also does carriage return
    carriage return
        (13)
    shift in
        shift to normal character set (15)
    shift out
        shift to alternate character set (14)
    space
        moves forward one column (32)
    tab moves forward to next tab stop (9)
    vertical tab
        reverse line feed (11)

All unrecognized control characters and escape sequences are discarded.

col keeps track of the character set as characters are read and makes sure the character set is correct when they are output.

If the input attempts to back up to the last flushed line, col will display a warning message.

SEE ALSO
expand(1), nroff(1), tbl(1)

STANDARDS
The col utility conforms to the Single UNIX Specification, Version 2. The -l option is an extension to the standard.

HISTORY
A col command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.

AVAILABILITY
The col command is part of the util-linux package and is available from Linux Kernel Archive (ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/).