====================================================================== = Gustave_Dore = ====================================================================== Introduction ====================================================================== Paul Gustave Louis Christophe Doré ( , ; ; 6January 1832 - 23January 1883) was a French printmaker, illustrator, painter, comics artist, caricaturist, and sculptor. He is best known for his prolific output of wood-engravings illustrating classic literature, especially those for the Vulgate Bible and Dante's 'Divine Comedy'. These achieved great international success, and he became renowned for printmaking, although his role was normally as the designer only; at the height of his career some 40 block-cutters were employed to cut his drawings onto the wooden printing blocks, usually also signing the image. He created over 10,000illustrations, the most important of which were copied using an electrotype process using cylinder presses, allowing very large print runs to be published simultaneously in many countries. Although Doré's work was popular with the general public during his life, it was met with mixed reviews from contemporary art critics. His work has been more widely celebrated in the centuries following his death. Among his admirers were writers H. P. Lovecraft and Théophile Gautier. Biography ====================================================================== Doré was born in Strasbourg on 6January 1832. At the age of15, he began his career working as a caricaturist for the French paper 'Le journal pour rire'. The illustrations of J. J. Grandville have been noted as an influence on his work. Wood-engraving was his primary method at this time. In the late 1840s and early 1850s, he made several text comics, like 'Les Travaux d'Hercule' (1847), 'Trois artistes incompris et mécontents' (1851), 'Les Dés-agréments d'un voyage d'agrément' (1851) and 'L'Histoire de la Sainte Russie' (1854). Doré subsequently went on to win commissions to depict scenes from books by Cervantes, Rabelais, Balzac, Milton, and Dante. In 1853 Doré was asked to illustrate the works of Lord Byron. This commission was followed by additional work for British publishers, including a new illustrated Bible. In 1854 he illustrated 'Gargantua et Pantagruel'. In 1856 he produced 12folio-size illustrations of 'The Legend of The Wandering Jew', which propagated longstanding antisemitic views of the time, for a short poem which Pierre-Jean de Béranger had derived from a novel of Eugène Sue of 1845. In the 1860s he illustrated a French edition of Cervantes's 'Don Quixote', and his depictions of the knight and his squire, Sancho Panza, became so famous that they influenced subsequent readers, artists, and stage and film directors' ideas of the physical "look" of the two characters. Doré also illustrated an oversized edition of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven", an endeavor that earned him 30,000francs from publisher Harper & Brothers in 1883. The government of France made him a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1861. Doré's illustrations for the Bible (1866) were a great success, and in 1867 he had a major exhibition of his work in London. This exhibition led to the foundation of the Doré Gallery in Bond Street, London. In 1869, Blanchard Jerrold, the son of Douglas William Jerrold, suggested that they work together to produce a comprehensive portrait of London. Jerrold had obtained the idea from 'The Microcosm of London' produced by Rudolph Ackermann, William Pyne, and Thomas Rowlandson (published in three volumes from 1808 to 1810). Doré signed a five-year contract with the publishers Grant & Co that involved his staying in London for three months a year, and he received the vast sum of £10,000 a year for the project. Doré was celebrated for his paintings in his day, but his wood-engravings, like those he did for Jerrold, are where he excelled as an artist with an individual vision. The completed book 'London: A Pilgrimage', with 180wood engravings, was published in 1872. It enjoyed commercial and popular success, but the work was disliked by some contemporary British critics, as it appeared to focus on the poverty that existed in parts of London. Doré was accused by 'The Art Journal' of "inventing rather than copying." The 'Westminster Review' claimed that "Doré gives us sketches in which the commonest, the vulgarest external features are set down." But they impressed Vincent van Gogh, who painted a version of the 'Prisoners' Round' in 1890, the year of his death. The book was a financial success, however, and Doré received commissions from other British publishers. Doré's later work included illustrations for new editions of Coleridge's 'Rime of the Ancient Mariner', Milton's 'Paradise Lost', Tennyson's 'Idylls of the King', 'The Works of Thomas Hood', and 'The Divine Comedy'. Doré's work also appeared in the weekly newspaper 'The Illustrated London News'. The medical doctor Jean-Baptiste Fuzier, who was a specialist in yellow fever and other tropical diseases, bequeathed watercolor paintings by Doré to the museum of Grenoble in 1880. According to the Musée de Grenoble, Doré developed his expertise as a watercolorist during a trip to Scotland in 1873. Death ====================================================================== Doré never married and, following the death of his father in 1849, he continued to live with his mother, illustrating books until his death of a heart attack in Paris on January23, 1883, following a short illness. At the time of his death Doré was working on illustrations for an edition of Shakespeare's plays. Works ====================================================================== Doré was a prolific artist; thus the following list of works is not complete and it does not include his paintings, sculptures, and many of his journal illustrations: !Date!!Author!!Work!!Volumes / Format!!Illustrations!!Publisher!!Ref |1854 Gustave Doré 'Histoire pittoresque dramatique et caricaturale de la Sainte Russie, d'après les chroniqueurs et historiens Nestor Nikan Sylvestre Karamsin Ségur etc.' 1 vol. 500 Paris: de Bry |1854 Rabelais 'Oeuvres contenant la vie de Gargantua et celle de Pantagruel ...' 1 vol. 4to. Frontis. & 15 J.Bry Ainé, Paris |1855 Honoré de Balzac 'Les Contes Drôlatiques' 425 Société Générale de la Libraire, and in 'Le Journal pour Tous' |1855 Jules Gérard 'La Chasse au Lion' 1 vol. 12mo. 11 Librairie Nouvelle |1856 'Fierabras d'Alexandrie, Légende Nationale traduite par Mary Lafon' 1 vol in 8vo 123 Librairie Nouvelle |1856 Victor Percival 'Mémoires d'un Jeune Cadet, par Victor Percival' 48 |1856 'La Légende du Juif Errant' 1 vol. grand in folio 12 :Image:Wandering jew title page.jpg Michel Lévy |1857 Dante Alighieri 'L'Enfer' 75 |1857 autumn Ed. de La Bédollière 'Nouveau Paris, Histoire de ses 20 Arrondissements' 1 vol in 4to 150 Barba |1857 autumn Valéry Vernier 'Aline, Journal d'un Jeune Homme' one large page Dentu |1860-1862 Thomas Mayne Reid 'L'Habitation du Désert' 1 vol. in 16mo 60 Hachette |1860-1862 Ann S. Stevens 'La Fille du Grand Chieftain' 1 vol. 15 |1860-1862 M. V. Victor 'Flêche d'Or' 1 vol. 13 |1860-1862 E. S. Ellis 'L'Ange des Frontières' 1 vol. 10 |1860-1862 N. W. Buxted 'Les Vierges de la Forêt' 1 vol. 10 |1860 William Shakespeare 'The Tempest' 1 vol. in 4to (London) |1861 'Les Figures du Temps' 1 vol. in 12mo (Paris) |1861 Plouvier and Vincent 'Les Chansons d'Autrefois' in 12mo Coulon and Pineau, Paris |1861 Edmond About 'Le Roi des Montagnes' 1 vol. in 8vo 157 Hachette and Co., Paris |1862 Saintine 'Les Mythologies du Rhin' 1 vol. in 8vo 165 Hachette and Co., Paris |1862 L'Abbé Léon Godard 'L'Espagne, Mœurs et Paysages' 2 vols in 8vo 4 :Image:Moeurs et paysages title page.jpg Alfred Mame et Fils, Tours :Image:Moeurs et paysages title page.jpg or Paris |1862 Malte-Brun 'Les États Unis et le Mexique' 1 vol. in 4to Brun, Paris |1862 'Histoire aussi intéressante qu'invraisemblable de l'intrépide Capitaine Castagnette, neveu de l'Homme à la Tête de Bois' 1 vol. in 4to 43 Hachette |1862 Charles Perrault 'Les Contes de Perrault' 11 |1862 'Aventures du Baron de Münchausen', traduction nouvelle par Théophile Gautier fils 1 vol. (Paris, Charles Furne) |1863 M. Épiné 'Légende de Croquemitaine' 1 vol. in 4to 177 Hachette |1863 Gastineau 'La Chasse au Lion et à la Panthère' 1 vol. in 8vo Hachette and Co. |1863 Miguel de Cervantes 'Don Quixote de la Mancha' translation by Louis Viardot 2 vols. folio 370 Hachette and Co., Paris, and Cassell and Co., London |1863 Charles Perrault 'Les Contes de Perrault' or in Spanish 'Los Cuentos de Perrault' 100+ Hetzels. in Spanish by Ledouse |1865 Gastineau 'De Paris en Afrique' 1 vol. in 12mo (Paris) |1865 A. Masse 'L'Histoire d'un Minute' 1 vol., 12mo (Paris) |1866 Victor Hugo 'Travailleurs de la Mer' Sampson Low and Co., London |1865 E. Edgar 'Cressy and Poictiers' 1 vol. in 8vo 50+ (London) |1865 Thomas Moore 'L'Épicurien' (French translation) in 8vo (Paris) |1865 Tom Hood 'Fairy Realm' in folio (London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler) |1865 Quatrelles 'Le Chevalier Beautemps' grand in 8vo (Paris) |1865 Chateaubriand 'Atala' 2 vols, grand folio 80 Hachette Edition |1866 Théophile Gautier 'Le Capitaine Fracasse' 1 vol. grand in 8vo 60 Charpentier |1866 G. La Bédollière 'Histoire de la Guerre en Mexique' in 4to (Paris) |1866 Dante Alighieri 'The Vision of Hell' London, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin |1867 Dante Alighieri 'Il Purgatorio' ed 'il Paradiso' Hachette and Co. |1866 X. B. Saintine 'Le Chemin des Écoliers' 1 vol. in 8vo 450 :Image:Le chemin des ecoliers title page.jpg '(not all by Doré)' Hachette and Co. |1866 'La Grande Bible de Tours', according to the Vulgate, new translation 2 vols. grand in folio 241 Mame, Tours; Cassell and Co., England |1866 John Milton 'Paradise Lost' 50 Plates Cassell and Co. |1867 La Bédollière 'La France et la Russie' (Paris) |1867 'Les Fables de Lafontaine' 2 vols. in folio 8 large and 250 small plates Hachette and Co. |1867 'Les Pays-bas et la Belgique' in 8vo (Paris) |1870 Thomas Hood (Poems) 2 vols. in folio 9 Plates Ward and Lock, London |1873 Rabelais New edition of Rabelais 2 vols. in folio Paris : Garnier; London: Chatto and Windus |1876 Louis Énault 'London' 1 vol. in 4to 174 wood-engravings Hachette and Co. |1874 Baron Ch. Davilliers 'L'Espagne' in 4to 309 wood-engravings Hachette and Co.; London: Sampson Low and Co. |1875 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' in folio 39 engraved plates and 3 vignettes London: Doré Gallery |1875 Michaud 'Histoire des Croisades' 2 vol. medium folio 100 grand compositions Paris: Hachette and Co. Alfred Tennyson 'Idylls of the King' |1877 Ariosto 'Orlando Furioso' 36 drawings Hachette and Co. (London: Ward and Lock) |1884 Edgar Allan Poe 'The Raven' 26 steel engravings London: Sampson Low and Co., New York: Harper and Co. |1890 Gustave Doré The Doré Bible Gallery Illustrated by Gustave Doré Philadelphia Reception and legacy ====================================================================== Doré's work received mixed reviews from contemporary art critics, but he was widely acclaimed by the general public. He was adored by many writers and poets, who felt he "brought their wildest dreams and fantasies to life". Théophile Gautier for example stated "Nobody better than this artist can give a mysterious and deep vitality to chimeras, dreams, nightmares, intangible shapes bathed in light and shade, weirdly caricatured silhouettes and all the monsters of fantasy." H.P. Lovecraft drew inspiration from Doré's 'Rime of the Ancient Mariner' illustrations in his formative years. Gallery ====================================================================== File:024.Jacob Wrestles with the Angel.jpg|'Jacob wrestling with the angel', 1855 File:Destruction of Leviathan.png|'Destruction of Leviathan', 1865 File:The Vision of The Valley of The Dry Bones.jpg|'The Vision of The Valley of The Dry Bones', 1866 File:Gustave Doré - The Holy Bible - Plate I, The Deluge.jpg|'The Deluge', 1866 File:Confusion of Tongues.png|Engraving 'The Tower of Babel or the Confusion of Tongues', 1866 File:Dore-I had done a hellish thing.jpg|'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' File:Idylls of the King 3.jpg|Edyrn with His Lady and Dwarf Journey to Arthur's Court, in 'Idylls of the King' by Lord Alfred Tennyson, illustrated by Gustave Doré File:Dore ridinghood.jpg|'Little Red Riding Hood' File:Gustave dore cendrillon4.JPG|Doré illustrated several fairy tales: 'Cendrillon' (or Cinderella) File:La Belle au Bois Dormant - third of six engravings by Gustave Doré.jpg|La Belle au Bois Dormant - third of six engravings by Gustave Doré File:Gustave Doré, A Backstreet in London, 1868, NGA 141211.jpg|Drawing, 'A Backstreet in London' (1868; National Gallery of Art, Washington) File:Dore London.jpg|'Over London by Rail' Gustave Doré c 1870. From 'London: A Pilgrimage' File:Gustave Doré - Ludgate Hill.png|'Ludgate Hill - A block in the Street', 1872. From 'London: A Pilgrimage' File:Gustave dore crusades troubadours singing the glories of the crusades.jpg|'Crusades troubadours singing the glories of the crusades' File:Don Quijote illustrated by Gustav Dore II.jpg|'Don Quixote' illustrated by Gustave Doré. File:Don Quijote illustrated by Gustav Dore III.jpg|'Don Quixote' illustrated by Gustave Doré, another one of the 500 pieces Doré created for the work. File:Don Quijote illustrated by Gustav Dore IV.jpg|Miguel de Cervantes's 'Don Quixote' illustrated by Gustave Doré File:Don Quijote illustrated by Gustav Dore V.jpg|Another example of 'Don Quixote' (Don Quijote in Spanish) illustrated by Gustave Doré File:Gustave Dore illustration.jpg|Rabelais's 'Gargantua' (English translation) File:Gustave_Doré_-_St._John%27s_vision_of_death.jpg|'St. John's vision' - Sagrada Biblia T4 File:Gustave_Doré_-_Ark_of_the_Covenant.jpg|'Ark of the Covenant' - La Sagrada Biblia T4 File:Gustave_Doré_-_Roland,_Count_of_Mans.jpg|'Roland, count of Mans, knight of Blaives' - Days of Chivalry (Croquemitaine) File:Gustave_Doré_-_Roland_the_Peerless.jpg|'Roland the Peerless' - Days of Chivalry (Croquemitaine) File:Gustave_Doré_-_Houri_on_Camels.jpg|'The Houris on Camels' - Days of Chivalry (Croquemitaine) File:Paris-dumas-monument02.jpg|The Dumas Monument in Paris File:USA-San Francisco-Le Poème de la Vigne by Gustave Doré-3.jpg|'Le Poème de la Vigne' or 'The Vintage Vase', version in San Francisco File:Доре Парка і божок кохання Ерот 1877.jpg|'Cupid and Time', modello in terracotta File:LeTemps fauchant les amours.jpg|A clock with 'Time defeating Loves', cast 1879 File:Maenads in a Wood, by Gustave Dore, 1879, plaster - Museum of Fine Arts, Boston - 20180922 150837.jpg|'Maenads in a Wood', 1879, plaster modello, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston File:Gustave Doré - Roland à Roncevaux.jpg|'Roland à Roncevaux', private collection, Paris File:Dore, Gustave; La Sainte Trinite.jpg|'La Sainte Trinité', Glynn Vivian Art Gallery File:Ecce Homo Gustave Doré.jpg|'Ecce Homo', Glynn Vivian Art Gallery File:La folie.jpg|'La folie', Glynn Vivian Art Gallery File:Les Oceanides Les Naiades de la mer.jpg|'The Oceanids (The Naiads of the Sea)', 1860s File:Gustave Doré - Paolo and Francesca da Rimini.jpg|'Paolo and Francesca da Rimini', 1863 File:Le Christ quittant le prétoire-Gustave Doré (3).jpg|'Christ Leaving the Praetorium' 1867-1872, Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art File:Le Christ quittant le prétoire-Gustave Doré (2).jpg|'Christ Leaving the Praetorium' in the room of the Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art where it hangs File:Paul Gustave Dore Andromeda.jpg|'Andromède', 1869, Chimei Museum, Tainan, Taiwan File:Gustave Doré-Soir en Alsace.jpg|'Soir en Alsace', 1869 File:Gustave Dore - La Siesta, Memory of Spain - Google Art Project.jpg|'La Siesta, Memory of Spain', File:Gustave Doré - Flower Sellers of London - Google Art Project.jpg|'Flower Sellers of London', File:Gustave Doré - Loch Lomond.jpg|'Loch Lomond', 1875 File:Gustave Doré - Scottish Highlands - Google Art Project.jpg|'Landscape in Scotland', ca. 1875, Toledo Museum of Art File:Gustave Doré - Landscape in Scotland - Walters 372625.jpg|'Landscape in Scotland', ca. 1878, Walters Art Museum File:Gustave Doré-Mont Sainte-Odile avec mur païen.jpg|'Mont Sainte-Odile avec mur païen', by 1883 File:Gustave Doré - La Vallée de larmes.jpg|'The Valley of Tears', 1883 File:The Triumph Of Christianity Over Paganism.Gustave Doré.jpg|'The Triumph Of Christianity Over Paganism' (1868) Further reading ====================================================================== *(80 illustrations, earliest photogravures of Dore paintings) *(141 illustrations) *(138 illustrations) *(314 illustrations) *(103 illustrations) *(30 illustrations) *(521 illustrations, reprinting most of the Delorme photogravures) * *(exhibition book: 591 illustrations) *(343 illustrations) *(500 illustrations) * (exhibition book: 250 illustrations, 40 in full-color, sometimes incorrectly listed as, "40 b/w, 120 color illustrations") * (catalog of the exhibition held at Musée d'Orsay and National Gallery of Canada, 335 pages) * (annual listing of the books published in France) External links ====================================================================== * * * *[http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/LIB-SC001 Gustave Doré Digital Collection of Illustrations] from the University at Buffalo Libraries * * License ========= All content on Gopherpedia comes from Wikipedia, and is licensed under CC-BY-SA License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Original Article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Dore .