URI: 
       [HN Gopher] A scientific curiosity that happened to me
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       A scientific curiosity that happened to me
        
       Author : thunderbong
       Score  : 56 points
       Date   : 2023-09-29 16:38 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
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       | nuancebydefault wrote:
       | Are local radio stations sometimes using A.M.?
        
         | jmholla wrote:
         | Why wouldn't they? AM stations still exist.
        
           | nuancebydefault wrote:
           | I did not know. Where I live, all are/have to be in the
           | 100...108 FM bands.
        
             | jmholla wrote:
             | Oh. Interesting. In the US, FM goes down to the high 80s.
             | And while I've definitely been in AM dead zones, there's
             | usually barely any FM stations in those places too because
             | there is no audience.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Interesting. Reminds me of how if you had a Nokia phone of the
       | time next to computer speakers you could tell when you were about
       | to get a call because the speakers would make a bup-bupbup bup-
       | bupbup sound before the phone itself woke up and rang.
       | 
       | But OP has to be AM, no? Somewhat curious.
        
       | geocrasher wrote:
       | Indeed, in some cases all you need is an antenna, a semiconductor
       | of almost any kind (which can be improvised) and an audio amp. In
       | some cases, it's all-in-one. My family used to talk about a brass
       | headboard that you could hear Morse code from, coming from the
       | local military base.
        
         | 1letterunixname wrote:
         | Calling bullshit. Semiconductors cannot be "improvised". PN
         | junctions aren't found anywhere accidentally.
         | 
         | And a brass headboard isn't a crystal radio and isn't a
         | circuit. A crystal radio needs a diode, a capacitor, a coil, a
         | ground, an antenna, and a quartz headphone stuck in your ear.
         | These things don't configure themselves by accident. The reason
         | analog headphones with a long wire can do this is they have
         | almost all of the attributes necessary to pickup AM radio. FM
         | radio requires a vastly more complicated circuit.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | See https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Electrical-
           | Expe... page 325 and 360. Couple of sewing needles across a
           | carbon block. He noticed that when he removed the dry
           | battery, he got a better signal.
           | 
           | These are things that would have been available to just about
           | anybody at the time he did his experiments.
        
           | fortran77 wrote:
           | This is extremely misleading. See:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_detector
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxhole_radio
           | 
           | Flagged.
        
           | floxy wrote:
           | You don't need PN junctions for an AM radio. Accidental
           | point-contact diodes might be enough nonlinearity (for
           | mixing) and rectification.
           | 
           | Here's a fun jumping off point for a deeper dive:
           | 
           | http://www.sparkbangbuzz.com/
        
           | kelseyfrog wrote:
           | The stories about hearing radio through bad tooth fillings
           | are all untrue?
        
             | slfnflctd wrote:
             | I was wondering that too, since I heard/read about it
             | several times as a kid.
             | 
             | This thread is actually pretty decent, although it's still
             | mostly speculation:
             | 
             | https://www.reddit.com/r/rfelectronics/comments/oh4zpy/how_
             | d...
        
           | geocrasher wrote:
           | Calling bullshit. Semiconductors cannot be "improvised". PN
           | junctions aren't found anywhere accidentally.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxhole_radio
           | One common type was made from an oxidized razor blade (rusty
           | or flamed) with a pencil lead pressed against the blade with
           | a safety pin. The oxide layer on the blade and the point
           | contact of the pencil lead form a semiconductor Schottky
           | diode and only allow current to pass in one direction.
        
             | 1letterunixname wrote:
             | Yep but that doesn't happen accidentally. And good luck
             | getting a quartz crystal in a form that can be heard.
        
               | geocrasher wrote:
               | Where did anybody say accidentally? I said it could be
               | improvised. Are you arguing just to argue?
               | 
               | Edit: I realize that the headboard story implies an
               | "accidental" semiconductor. And yes that's totally
               | possible.
        
               | fortran77 wrote:
               | It could absolutely happen accidentally. Any bad contact
               | between two conductors can cause a non-linear junction
               | that can detect an AM radio signal.
               | 
               | TFA refers to, presumably an FM signal (because of the
               | 3.3 meter band and what's usually broadcast there), so I
               | doubt this story a bit.
        
               | geocrasher wrote:
               | Yep I mentioned that in a comment below, an accidental
               | semiconductor IS possible, but that wasn't my point
               | really. I get the arguers point though, a headboard
               | implies accidental, I wasn't thinking of it that way. But
               | anyway, as we've established, both improvised and
               | accidental are possible and documented.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | atoav wrote:
               | You are aware that there are even such things as natural
               | nuclear reactors that happen "accidentally"?
               | 
               | So ruling out a simple PN junction is a weird hill to die
               | on.
        
           | bisby wrote:
           | Certainly a brass headboard doesn't have a semiconductor in
           | it. But that doesn't mean the story is bullshit. Just that
           | it's not working in the way they think it is.
           | 
           | Heres an example of a thistle being used to convert an AM
           | signal into audio. Granted, they are touching the plant
           | directly to the broadcast tower, and it's outputting enough
           | power that it starts burning and even burns the hand of the
           | person holding the plant.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9UO9tn4MpI
        
             | geocrasher wrote:
             | I admit, it's apocryphal. But, if there is a gap anywhere
             | in joint in the headboard, and it oxidized, that's likely
             | enough. Still, I believe my family. Maybe I have details
             | wrong (likely) but it was a headboard and they heard radio
             | from it.
        
             | floxy wrote:
             | >Certainly a brass headboard doesn't have a semiconductor
             | in it.
             | 
             | Are you sure?
             | 
             | http://www.sparkbangbuzz.com/els/photocell-el.htm
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_rectifier
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | To receive AM you just need a non linearity and the x^2 term
         | iirc will do your rectification. So any element that
         | electrically provides some kind of nonlinear behavior (ie is
         | not a pure R, L, or C) should give some sort of modulation.
        
       | NotGMan wrote:
       | This is basicaly a "radio that doesn't require any batteries".
       | 
       | It's very easy to build one yourself since only ~5 components are
       | needed and a long-ish wire.
       | 
       | A variable resistor knob is then used to switch between radio
       | stations.
       | 
       | Though it will only catch AM if I'm not mistaken.
        
         | ogig wrote:
         | My dad, whose dad had a radio and tv repair shop, got me a kit
         | for making one when I was a little kid. I spend the day coiling
         | the wire and following the instructions. When I was done and
         | the artifact captured radio waves I was so excited! It's one of
         | those vivid memories from childhood, a moment that put me on
         | the path for a technology focused career.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | radio is a gateway to abilities that some consider to be
           | unnatural
           | 
           | (my grandpa gave me a shortwave and explained I could receive
           | far-away signals due the radio signals bouncing off the
           | ionosphere. It was my introduction to numbers stations, but I
           | never found radio that interesting, when I had the internet
           | available)
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | The most basic of these are called trench or foxhole radios.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxhole_radio
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | What's interesting to me is that one particular station came in
       | clearly, given how the difference in broadcast FM allocated
       | frequencies translates into millimeters of antenna length. (e.g.
       | 98.3 vs 98.7 MHz = 3051mm vs. 3039mm)
       | 
       | Just some flexing / coiling of the cord could mean you would
       | favor a different station or get tons of mixing in of other
       | stations.
       | 
       | Maybe the key is that the author / friend was very close to a
       | broadcasting antenna and that overwhelmed any other station that
       | would equally have been received on the headphone cord otherwise?
        
       | 1letterunixname wrote:
       | Bose QC 35 V1 headphones when charging and used passively
       | connected via the headphone jack to an iPad or iPhone also being
       | charged from the same source would pickup audible digital bus
       | noise of the iDevice. Moving the charging sources to different
       | ground planes would solve the problem. It would also happen if
       | devices were being charged by different power adapters connected
       | to the same neutral or ground. This led me to conclude it was a
       | form of ground loop due to a lack of engineering and testing of
       | the headphones.
        
         | adhesive_wombat wrote:
         | I used to be able to hear my USB mouse scrolling in my
         | headphones. It was so annoying I eventually go an external USB
         | soundcard to try to decouple it, which worked.
        
       | rdtsc wrote:
       | I lived next to an AM station before and could hear their
       | broadcasts it in my headphones sometimes.
        
       | 1letterunixname wrote:
       | This happened to an engineer where I worked who had an analog
       | phone with unshielded, untwisted cord exactly the length of the
       | full-wave of the radio station.
       | 
       | It's also worth noting that lightning in the area can induce
       | massive voltage and current impulses in long, unshielded,
       | straight conductors.
        
       | kemmishtree wrote:
       | Some family members of mine were in bed in their house during a
       | thunderstorm and during a close lightning strike they heard a few
       | seconds of music that sounded like a radio transmission, somehow
       | being amplified throughout throughout the house as the lightning
       | flashed. I believe their story, and wonder about the mechanism.
        
         | pizzafeelsright wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uo9nGzIzSPw
        
       | Johnny555 wrote:
       | >I found out that the radio station's wavelength she was
       | listening to was about 3.3 meters
       | 
       | That's 90MHz, which is in the FM band (at least in the USA). I
       | understand (and have experienced) how this works with AM, but how
       | does this work with FM? Does some circuitry in the headphone act
       | as an FM decoder?
        
         | roamingryan wrote:
         | I was left wondering the same.
         | 
         | My best guess would be that slope detection could be converting
         | the FM signal into AM. This happens in circuits where the
         | response is strongly dependent on frequency (see [1]). A
         | specifically designed filter is typically used, but a resonant
         | circuit like the headphone wires could do something similar.
         | But then you still need to get from AM to audible, and to do
         | that you still need some sort of non-linearity in the system.
         | Some possibility non-linearies could be a poor connection
         | resulting in a whisker-style rectifier junction, or perhaps a
         | magnetic permeability non-linearity in the headphone speakers.
         | I'm sure there are others.
         | 
         | Related, but probably not relevant: Stereo FM broadcast signals
         | in most parts (all parts?) of the world also contain an AM
         | subcarrier. The primary FM carrier has the L+R audio content
         | and is used by both monaural and stereo receivers. Stereo
         | receivers make use of an additional AM modulated sub-carrier
         | (+/- 38 kHz from primary carrier) to obtain L-R audio content.
         | I don't believe this AM carrier is directly rectifiable because
         | it does not manifest as envelope modulation in the full signal.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.electronics-
         | notes.com/articles/radio/modulation/...
        
           | jjoonathan wrote:
           | Slope conversion is the hard part, once it's AM just about
           | any energy conversion will do. abs(x) and |x|^2 are plenty
           | nonlinear.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/uo9nGzIzSPw?t=19
        
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       (page generated 2023-09-29 23:01 UTC)