One of the things I've been exploring over the past year and a half, is a serious look at the awkward zones; the paradoxes, the uncomfortable places where things can be simultaneously possible and impossible. I've been following a few rules that developed organically over that time and come to a few - very few - conclusions. a) The only always 100% honest answer one can give, when all is said and done is, "I don't know".* Everything that isn't "I don't know", is really "I believe/I don't believe." b) To understand paradoxes, dichotomies, etc, its important to look at where the very idea of paradoxes or dichotomies come from.* It has a history, a name, an origin.* Aristotle.* [1]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_excluded_middle In this way of thinking, there can be no "third way"; no zone where two contradictory things can be simultaneously true; it must be one, or the other, but not both.* It has been very helpful, and continues to be helpful, but ultimately, I believe it will limit our progress as a species. c) To understand ideas, I looked into where the "idea" of idea comes from; that's Plato.* Perfected forms that have a timeless substance that goes beyond our plane of existence; and reflect a greater reality than we are capable of perceiving completely here.* it's very much a part of how we have been trained to think about the nature of things. But, in the end, it's the concept that comes from a real guy, who happened to influence Western Civilization in a huge way.** It is a belief that he is right; that there is mind vs body; ideas vs reality - that they are different and do not cross over. The parable of the shadows on the cave wall has proved to an EXTREME influence on our civilization. This doesn't mean that these things are wrong; but rather, that, with it, we are holding onto a set of assumptions about the way things are that may, perhaps, be culturally based and not necessarily absolutes.* Just absolutes in our cultural conceptualization of the Universe. d) Objectivism; that "only what is objective can be true" is the product of 19th century philosophy and has been very influential in modern ideas of "What is true". But it was not always so, and need not necessarily be so. The Philosophical system that governs this stuff is Epistemology; a product of the 19th century as well.* I'm not very good at philosophers and the like; I like going back to ancient times to find civilization-origins; I find the newer (19th century) stuff to hurt my brain - I was never good at it, but the concepts I understand more or less. the book from the future; if someone declares "this book is from the future", and they happen to be a respected scientist.* He comes up with a testing methodology that confirms it is from the future.* Other scientists confirm using their methodology that it is from the future.* Everybody believes it is from the future and no method is ever discovered to counteract that this book is, indeed, from the future. Then is it, from the future? There is no hoax.* it is believed by all. Yet, what makes it so? Where does the certainty come from? Certainty is a biochemical process in the brain; it comes from our emotional centers.* There's a whole psychology behind the nature of certainty.* It feeds into our belief system about what is true and what is false. But what if uncertainty was the norm, and our biological processes giving us a preference for certain as, let's say, a survival technique, is merely an artifact of our being human? All of course, of course, confirms your original point, which i believe to be true; that we are, ultimately, limited in our capabilities.* Still, I wonder how much of it are true limitations, and how many are imposed upon us by the time in history we happen to find ourselves in, and the societies we happened to grow up in that teach us that these assumptions are true? References Visible links 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_excluded_middle