Chapter 20 [1]Page HistoryLast edited by PBworks 8 years, 4 months ago CAN become an intellectual SUPERMAN? It is necessary, as it is characteristic of strong, to give priority to issues that no one dares to put; you need the courage to enter into the area of the forbidden ... and new ears for new music ... new conscience to hear the truth before nemotstvovavshie. Friedrich Nietzsche ON THE THRESHOLD OF THE THEORY OF IMPROVEMENT WORK OF MIND Our meandering journey through the colorful and sometimes a lot of difficult chapters could cause confusion in the reader: what is the main idea of ??the book? The answer we get in this chapter, which is the nerve center of the operation, its intellectual core. Like the climax of the detective novel, it is designed to explain everything and turn intricate mosaic of facts in a complete and accurate picture. Dioinformatsiya - is any information presented in the form of one or more diostsen. Summing up the formula in Ch. 19, we can write: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Dioinformatsiya | = | The verbal | + | Formula | + | Images | | | | text | | | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ The book is based on the hypothesis of maximizing productivity brain. From this follows the principle ergonomizatsii dioinformatsii, which reads: to improve the work of the mind, it is necessary to improve the quality of cognitive dioinformatsii, ergonomizirovat it. When designing diostsen necessary, in particular, to take care of to present the specified semantic content using the optimal combination of ergonomic text, formulas and ergonomic ergonomic images (static and dynamic). In an effort to find evidence in support of this principle, we have presented to the reader some examples ergonomizatsii dioinformatsii: * DRAGON language; * Examples ergonomizatsii logic; * Examples ergonomizatsii mathematics; * Examples ergonomizatsii drawings (the method of "cognitive style" [2]CogniStyle ). This list can be continued. With the participation of the author developed a technology ergonomizatsii textbooks and teaching materials designed to create ergonomic (electronic and paper) Album graphics circuits (so-called skhemokursov) in the humanities: philosophy, economics, psychology, cultural studies, sociology, history, legal science and so on. Etc. . In the near future the first manuals, developed by this technology, will be released and is expected to start their experimental test in a real learning process. Based on these and other examples, we have assumed that: So far we have proved this assertion with examples, that is. E. The inductive method. Is it possible to complement the inductive deductive proof? Is it possible to construct a general theory of the intensification of intelligence from which ergonomizatsii principle and the principle of maximizing the efficiency of the brain stem as a logical consequence? HUMAN BRAIN need competent to design Let's try to make a sketch of the theory of the intensification of intelligence, which is based on two basic concepts - the signs and objects. Under the proposed model, a person is considered as Biocybernetical robotic machine interacting with a sign (of information) and substantive (physical) habitat (Fig. 141). Thesis 1. (Modified thesis Vygotsky). Signs - man-made sensually perceived social tools, the only purpose of which - to manage the human brain, and through it - the human body, and behavior of all human life. Thesis 2. Signed control brain consists of two operations: the design and programming of the brain cortex. In the first case changes neyrostaticheskaya brain structure (configuration and nature of interneuronal connections), the second - is changing neurodynamic intracerebral information. Thesis 3. (Modified thesis Poltoratsky A. and B. Shvyreva). Objects are defined as non-signs. Simply put, anything that is not a sign, by definition, it is the subject. Examples are any signs diostseny, books, technical and administrative documentation, information on displays, text programs, codes of law, the readings, art, speech, facial expressions, money, music, jewelry, toys, temples. For items include virgin nature, roads, machinery, pipes, chips and all that is inaccessible to the senses: the electromagnetic field, the atoms, electrons and so on.. In some cases, the signs can not be physically separated from the objects. For example, TV - the subject and the image on the screen - mark. If the TV is turned off, the sign will disappear, and the subject will remain. Thesis 4. In the world there is nothing but objects and characters. Thesis 5. Human activity is divided into substantive and symbolic. Using substantive tools (for example, a saw and plane), a man changes the world. Using symbolic instruments (eg, speech, prayer, or programming language), people change their own brain and therefore behavior. Thesis 6. The man - an animal that is potentially (thanks to the peculiarities of the genome) has the ability to efficiently configure and program your own brain (using the specially created for this purpose social tools - signs) and thus multiplies its spiritual, cultural, intellectual and other potency and properties. Currently, these opportunities are not used completely because of misconceptions about the nature of man. The basis for distinguishing between the sign and object environment is the fact that the first of them plays an incomparably more important role in the formation and development of intelligence and spiritual culture of mankind. This idea was expressed Thesis 7. (Vygotsky's thesis on the determination of the sign of consciousness and thinking, as set out in the form of metaphors). Mind, consciousness and spiritual culture of people in the 99% determined by the sign habitat and only 1% - subject habitat. Thesis 8. Touch the influx of S - the flow of information on the state of the outside world and the human body coming through the receptor cells of the sensory organs of the nerve fibers in the human brain. Thesis 9. Brain M - bio-computer that handles the influx of S touch and manage effectors (muscles and glands), and through them - the human body, and behavior of all human life. According to Sakharov, "at the bottom of neurobiology is simple, rational and yet painfully unusual idea that the nervous system - this is the information control apparatus adapted biological means." Thesis 10. Brain M, as well as the entire body is formed from a single pervokletki (zygote) during ontogenetic (individual) development under the influence of the genome and the environment G C: Equation (1) is a mathematical model that determines the development of a holistic brain contains billions of neurons and trillions of interneuronal connections from a single cell - a zygote. The model is specified as a function of two variables, arguments are the genetic code (genome) and the impact coming from the environment C (Fig. 141). Thesis 11. On Wednesday human habitat is structurally divided into four parts: In vitageny, travmogeny T, Z and signs fiziogeny F: and listed parts form a complete set of environmental influences on the person. Thesis 12. Vitageny in - life-sustaining flow of substances introduced into the body during metabolism and habitable conditions are subject environment (temperature, pressure, and so on. D.). Thesis 13. Travmogeny T - negative impact of the subject on the human organism: injuries, wounds, burns, infections. Thesis 14. Signs fiziogeny Z and F - the elements of the sign and the subject Habitat respectively acting on the receptors of the senses, which converts them into touch influx S: Note that vitageny travmogeny and does not affect the senses, and on the human body, and their effects can be either positive or neutral (vitageny) or negative (travmogeny). Vitageny, travmogeny and fiziogeny - this is not signs and objects. From the formulas (1) and (2) obtain the Thesis 15. The meaning of the formula (4) is that all the processes associated with the development of the brain as a result of division of the zygote, and any processes that occur within the brain and nervous system in all activities (including the most complex forms of intellectual work) are completely determined by quintet " royal variables ", which includes a gene vitageny, travmogeny, signs and fiziogeny. According to the model developed, no other reason (variables) for the development and activity of the brain and intellect have no effect. From a biological point of view, any human behavior (be it a walk, work on the computer or playing the violin) is nothing more than a series of individual movements of the human body, and in every movement involves thousands of effectors.What triggers the effector? When activated, the motor nerves in the neuromuscular synapse is released chemical neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which transmits the command to the muscle to contract. It is known that thousands of arbitrary movement effectors (which together form the behavior of P) are performed by commands of the brain and nervous system M. Hence, the behavior of P is a function of the processes occurring in the brain M: Thesis 16. The meaning of the formula (5) is uniquely determined by the behavior of the teams of the nervous system: none effector will not change its state, if the nervous system will not give the desired command. From (4) and (5) we obtain Thesis 17. Equation (6) indicates that any arbitrarily complex human behavior is determined by quintet royal variables. Suppose that the life-sustaining conditions - vitageny - are normal (B * const), and negative impacts - travmogeny - no (T= 0). In addition, taking into account (3), two simple variables (Z and O) can be replaced by a complicated - touch influx S.In this case, the formula (6) is simplified and takes the form Thesis 18. Formula (7) means that if in the environment there are no extreme conditions, human behavior depends on only two variables: the genome and sensory inflow. Supplying information to the brain from two sources: the gene and lifetime sensual experience (hereinafter - the experience). Neurobiological analogue of the concept of "experience" is an integral touch inflow where S (t) - the instantaneous sensory inflow; t = 0 - the moment of conception and formation of the zygote; T - the current age of the person, as measured from the moment of conception. Thus, the integrated touch inflow (lifetime experience) - is a complete information coming into the brain during the interval lived life from conception to the age of the current T. The concept of "experience" covers the information coming into the brain from the exteroceptors ^1 and (for feedback loop) proprioceptors ^2. The total number of sensory cells (sensor data), including interoceptors ^3,^ 4 is measured in hundreds of thousands. It is hundreds of thousands of "guns" engaged in lifelong continuous "sensory bombardment" of the brain and nervous system, which has a huge impact on the behavior, life and destiny of man. A huge amount of sensory information in conjunction with a Rocket mechanism of expression of the genetic code determines the apparent "incomprehensible" complexity of human behavior. Thesis 19. (Modified thesis B. Stern and Piaget). The human intellect I - M property of the brain that allows a person to adapt to sign and object environment: From (4) and (9) we obtain Thesis 20. Intelligence I any person determined by quintet royal variables that person. Repeating the arguments set forth in the theses 17 and 18, we obtain Thesis 21. In the absence of extreme conditions of human intelligence I depends on two variables: the genome G and integrated sensory inflow S. If we are talking about a particular person already born, having no genetic defects (which means that the gene set and G is normal), (11) follows Thesis 22. I Intelligence is a function of sensory inflow S: Thesis 23. To improve the quality of human intelligence, it is necessary to improve the quality of sensory inflow S. Thesis 24. From (3) and (12) that is a function of intelligence I sign and object (fiziogennogo) inflows: Suppose that fiziogenny inflow entering the brain from exteroceptors and proprioceptors, is within normal limits. It is understood that the ontogenetic development of the human habitat in the subject intelligently organized in view of the sensitive (critical) periods of development. Under these conditions holds Thesis 25. Human intelligence is a function of the integral I influx sign information, effects on the brain throughout life lived from conception to the present moment: Thesis 26. For any newborn human is the only way to improve his intellect is to enrich and improve the quality of the signs, they consumed over a lifetime. Especially effective is the simultaneous supply of enriched sign inflows transmitted to the brain from exteroceptors and proprioceptors (for example, self-solving increasingly complex problems). Thesis 27. Intelligent inflow Q - part of the landmark inflow Z, reaching the brain through visual, auditory, and skin receptors and affects the human mental productivity. Thesis 28. Since the tactile (skin) it is not used in the training zryacheslyshaschih, the latter intellectual influx to the brain mainly through visual and auditory receptors. Suppose that the influx of intellectual directed to the brain through the eyes and ears, is distributed among them in proportion to the number of visual and auditory receptors, the number of which is equal to a man 253 million. And 47,000 respectively. Then, just Thesis 29. Intelligence sighted people 99.99% determined by the visual sign of information in the first place - dioinformatsiey. To improve the intelligence necessary to improve the quality of the latter. Thesis 30. (The principle of cognitive diointerfeysa). For the system to "man-dioinformatsiya" effective and provide the highest possible efficiency of the brain and intelligence needed to implement mutual adaptation rights and dioinformatsii.In particular, it should be designed so dioyazyki to coordinate between themselves cognitively important optical characteristics dioinformatsii and cognitive characteristics of the human eye and brain. Matching characteristics should be carried out in such a way that, first of all, to achieve the most rapid, accurate, complete and infallible perception, understanding and learning, and secondly, to solve this problem at the cost of a minimum of intellectual effort on the part of a person consuming dioinformatsiyu. Abstracts of 31-33 were described earlier in Sec. 5. This refers to: * simultanizatsii principle; * the principle of effectiveness depending on your perception of the proportion of the field of vision; * the principle of priority complete image. KEY TO A MYSTERY OF HUMAN INTELLIGENCE To solve the "best kept secret" of human intelligence and brain need to answer the question: what is the principle that determines the relationship between the sign of the human environment and the basic structural elements of the brain? Thesis 34. The fundamental structural elements of the brain should be considered flexible interneuronal communication, as they play a key role in memorizing new information and adapt to a changing environment. Thesis 35. The fundamental role of the characters is that they serve as a "surgical instruments" that change the fundamental characteristics of the brain and, therefore, serve as the primary source of all of the changes (both positive and negative) that carries people, changing the face of the planet. Thesis 36. Improving signs (creating new scientific theories, ideas and projects, new artwork and more advanced religious studies), the person develops your brain and thus ensures the ongoing development of civilization. Thesis 37. Learning to design, modify, develop and improve the signs, people thus learned to design, modify, develop and improve your own brain, continuously increasing its intellectual power. It is clear that this kind of "brain surgery" does not require either a scalpel or opening the skull, because the information carried by the - by the action of signs on the receptors of the senses, the brain that transmit the necessary information. Hence the conclusion: the brain - it's clay, and - fingers of the sculptor. To a child "increased" the best brains (which is only possible under the given genes), it is necessary since the birth of "feed" it marks the highest quality, taking into account the critical (sensitive) periods of ontogenetic development. Thesis 38 . The mechanism by which people improve the design of the brain is as follows. First, some authors (manufacturer marks) deliberately or accidentally creating new signs. Then the consumer signs (a role which is not only the other person, but the author himself) sees new signs through their senses. At the same time the flow of character information to the brain, which under certain conditions occur structural changes interneuronal connections. These additional (newly formed) connections encrypted programs to address new challenges that used to be too much for the brain. So skillfully projecting signs, we skillfully design the brain, giving it the desired characteristics. Conversely, signs illiterate design resulting in wrong designed the brain. Thesis 39 . Creative activity of man to create a new habitat is divided into three stages. First, people are coming up with new characters (for example, the theory of space rockets), and then use them to change their mind (there are groups of people who have mastered the new theory), and only then create new objects (launch vehicles and spacecraft). Those three phases are present in a simple creative tasks. Suppose you want to create a new machine technology or computer program. The solution of the starting point is not known, therefore, appropriate connections in the brain are absent. So at first (to "tumble") people must necessarily transform your brain. How to do it?First of all, you need to find, borrow, or to learn to come up with new iconic complex. With their help a person through numerous iterations reworks (improves) the design of his brain, making it more "intelligent" and therefore suitable for implementation of the new complex work. And only in the third stage, based on the increased brain power of its "improved" the brain, a person solves the problem, ie. E. Creates a new machine, technology or program. To summarize.The main idea is that intelligence is a function of signs. From this it follows that the power of human intellect depends on the quality of sign complexes, combinations and patterns that the human brain receives from the receptor senses during life. The better the characteristics of the signs, the Optimum Generators of flexible interneuronal communication brain, the higher the rate decision (brain) intellectual tasks . Hence, in order to improve the quality of human intelligence, it is necessary to provide a higher quality characters, in particular cognitive and quality dioyazykov dioinformatsii. A particularly important role to increase the performance of the brain plays a dioinformatsiya. Unfortunately, the current methods of creating it are highly inefficient. Therefore, in most cases it does not satisfy the principle of cognitive diointerfeysa and inhibits the intellectual capacity of people. To improve matters, all cognitively complex cases (and there are many or even most) must be fully or partially implement a program of three points: 1. diostsen move from text to visual (three-element - see. p. 326); 2. increase diostsen format in accordance with the principle of simultaneous coverage of the field of vision; 3. diostsen used in the construction of a well-defined set of rules diosintaksicheskih arising from the principle of cognitive diointerfeysa. In our view, the production of any complex cognitive dioinformatsii principle of cognitive interface is appropriate to consider as criteria of science . This means that research should be not only content knowledge; Form submission must also be evidence-based. Expansion and intensification INTELLIGENCE The development of intellectual abilities and the intensification of intelligence - essentially different concepts. The difference between them will explain using a thought experiment. Suppose two students have exactly the same intellectual capacity, we decided to take the exam without attending lectures, studying the subject of its own, by the book. The first student got a bad tutorial confusing and difficult. But the second, on the contrary, was a good book, written in clear language where complex issues are set out clearly in a clear and simple form. As a result, the first student, obviously, will have to spend on the study of the subject more effort and time, say, one hundred hours, and the other - much smaller, for example, fifty hours. If you agree with these figures (and they are quite plausible), we can say that the mental capacity of the second student was twice as high, although their intellectual abilities are the same. Double increase of mental efficiency at the second student, compared with the first was due to the clarity and understandability of educational material, ie. E. By improving the cognitive quality of the textbook. Hence the Thesis 40 . Intelligent human performance R in diopoznaniya (t. e. in the study and working with scientific, technical and educational literature, documentation and computer dioinformatsiey) depends on two variables: on his intellectual abilitiesI and cognitive qualities of the material under study L :