Somewhere in my papers (ok, saved PDFs) I have the background
   stuff for this. [I study neuroscience as a hobby; I find
   learning/memory/self-control/working memory to be a subject I'm
   continually fascinated by]

   I find the double-loop learning model as the easiest to grasp.
   Training adjusts the "assume".[1]dbl-loop

References

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   1. http://icopiedyou.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/dbl-loop.gif