Within Islam, as you know, there is the available tradition of
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism
   *
   Within Eastern Orthodox Christiandom, there are the concept of
   the http://orthodoxwiki.org/Nous for example and Noetic Prayer.
   *
   Within Buddhism, there is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavana
   for example.
   *
   Within Western Christiandom (post schism) you have
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guigo_II for the start of a
   uniquely Western Christian form, with others that followed.
   *
   In secularism (and pop psychology in particular) we have a
   concept of "true self" (vs false self) and a dozen different
   names like "inner child" and whatnot which addresses similar
   issues.
   *
   etc.
   *
   All valid and useful methods for betterment. Available within
   each of the traditions.