LS(1L) LS(1L) NNAAMMEE ls, dir, vdir - list contents of directories SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS llss [-abcdfgiklmnpqrstuxABCFGLNQRSUX1] [-w cols] [-T cols] [-I pattern] [--all] [--escape] [--directory] [--inode] [--kilobytes] [--numeric-uid-gid] [--no-group] [--hide- control-chars] [--reverse] [--size] [--width=cols] [--tab- size=cols] [--almost-all] [--ignore-backups] [--classify] [--file-type] [--full-time] [--ignore=pattern] [--derefer- ence] [--literal] [--quote-name] [--recursive] [--sort={none,time,size,extension}] [--for- mat={long,verbose,commas,across,vertical,single-column}] [--time={atime,access,use,ctime,status}] [--help] [--ver- sion] [path...] DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN This manual page documents the GNU version of llss. ddiirr and vvddiirr are versions of llss with different default output for- mats. These programs list each given file or directory path. Directory contents are sorted alphabetically. For llss, files are by default listed in columns, sorted verti- cally, if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise they are listed one per line. For ddiirr, files are by default listed in columns, sorted vertically. For vvddiirr, files are by default listed in long format. OOPPTTIIOONNSS _-_a_, _-_-_a_l_l List all files in directories, including all files that start with `.'. _-_b_, _-_-_e_s_c_a_p_e Quote nongraphic characters in file names using alphabetic and octal backslash sequences like those used in C. _-_c_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_c_t_i_m_e_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_s_t_a_t_u_s Sort directory contents according to the files' status change time instead of the modification time. If the long listing format is being used, print the status change time instead of the modifi- cation time. _-_d_, _-_-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y List directories like other files, rather than listing their contents. _-_f Do not sort directory contents; list them in what- ever order they are stored on the disk. The same as enabling _-_a and _-_U and disabling _-_l_, _-_s_, and _-_t_. _-_-_f_u_l_l_-_t_i_m_e List times in full, rather than using the standard FSF GNU File Utilities 1 LS(1L) LS(1L) abbreviation heuristics. _-_g Ignored; for Unix compatibility. _-_i_, _-_-_i_n_o_d_e Print the index number of each file to the left of the file name. _-_k_, _-_-_k_i_l_o_b_y_t_e_s If file sizes are being listed, print them in kilo- bytes. This overrides the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT. _-_l_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_l_o_n_g_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_v_e_r_b_o_s_e In addition to the name of each file, print the file type, permissions, number of hard links, owner name, group name, size in bytes, and timestamp (the modification time unless other times are selected). For files with a time that is more than 6 months old or more than 1 hour into the future, the times- tamp contains the year instead of the time of day. _-_m_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_c_o_m_m_a_s List files horizontally, with as many as will fit on each line, separated by commas. _-_n_, _-_-_n_u_m_e_r_i_c_-_u_i_d_-_g_i_d List the numeric UID and GID instead of the names. _-_p Append a character to each file name indicating the file type. _-_q_, _-_-_h_i_d_e_-_c_o_n_t_r_o_l_-_c_h_a_r_s Print question marks instead of nongraphic charac- ters in file names. _-_r_, _-_-_r_e_v_e_r_s_e Sort directory contents in reverse order. _-_s_, _-_-_s_i_z_e Print the size of each file in 1K blocks to the left of the file name. If the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, 512-byte blocks are used instead. _-_t_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_t_i_m_e Sort directory contents by timestamp instead of alphabetically, with the newest files listed first. _-_u_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_a_t_i_m_e_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_a_c_c_e_s_s_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_u_s_e Sort directory contents according to the files' last access time instead of the modification time. If the long listing format is being used, print the last access time instead of the modification time. FSF GNU File Utilities 2 LS(1L) LS(1L) _-_x_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_a_c_r_o_s_s_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_h_o_r_i_z_o_n_t_a_l List the files in columns, sorted horizontally. _-_A_, _-_-_a_l_m_o_s_t_-_a_l_l List all files in directories, except for `.' and `..'. _-_B_, _-_-_i_g_n_o_r_e_-_b_a_c_k_u_p_s Do not list files that end with `~', unless they are given on the command line. _-_C_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_v_e_r_t_i_c_a_l List files in columns, sorted vertically. _-_F_, _-_-_c_l_a_s_s_i_f_y Append a character to each file name indicating the file type. For regular files that are executable, append a `*'. The file type indicators are `/' for directories, `@' for symbolic links, `|' for FIFOs, `=' for sockets, and nothing for regular files. _-_G_, _-_-_n_o_-_g_r_o_u_p Inhibit display of group information in a long for- mat directory listing. _-_L_, _-_-_d_e_r_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e List the files linked to by symbolic links instead of listing the contents of the links. _-_N_, _-_-_l_i_t_e_r_a_l Do not quote file names. _-_Q_, _-_-_q_u_o_t_e_-_n_a_m_e Enclose file names in double quotes and quote non- graphic characters as in C. _-_R_, _-_-_r_e_c_u_r_s_i_v_e List the contents of all directories recursively. _-_S_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_s_i_z_e Sort directory contents by file size instead of alphabetically, with the largest files listed first. _-_U_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_n_o_n_e Do not sort directory contents; list them in what- ever order they are stored on the disk. This option is not called _-_f because the Unix llss _-_f option also enables _-_a and disables _-_l, _-_s, and _-_t. It seems useless and ugly to group those unrelated things together in one option. Since this option doesn't do that, it has a different name. FSF GNU File Utilities 3 LS(1L) LS(1L) _-_X_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n Sort directory contents alphabetically by file extension (characters after the last `.'); files with no extension are sorted first. _-_1_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_s_i_n_g_l_e_-_c_o_l_u_m_n List one file per line. _-_w_, _-_-_w_i_d_t_h _c_o_l_s Assume the screen is _c_o_l_s columns wide. The default is taken from the terminal driver if possi- ble; otherwise the environment variable CCOOLLUUMMNNSS is used if it is set; otherwise the default is 80. _-_T_, _-_-_t_a_b_s_i_z_e _c_o_l_s Assume that each tabstop is _c_o_l_s columns wide. The default is 8. _-_I_, _-_-_i_g_n_o_r_e _p_a_t_t_e_r_n Do not list files whose names match the shell pat- tern _p_a_t_t_e_r_n unless they are given on the command line. As in the shell, an initial `.' in a file- name does not match a wildcard at the start of _p_a_t_- _t_e_r_n_. _-_-_h_e_l_p Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully. _-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n Print version information on standard output then exit successfully. BBUUGGSS On BSD systems, the _-_s option reports sizes that are half the correct values for files that are NFS-mounted from HP- UX systems. On HP-UX systems, it reports sizes that are twice the correct values for files that are NFS-mounted from BSD systems. This is due to a flaw in HP-UX; it also affects the HP-UX llss program. FSF GNU File Utilities 4 .